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	Capacitors - Microwave Encyclopedia - Microwaves101.com
		Used as a tuning element, a high tolerance is often required on a low capacitance value.
		Microwave capacitors must be small enough to be considered lumped elements.
		The element denoted "C" in the model is the nominal capacitance value, the rest of the elements are considered parasitics.
	www.microwaves101.com /encyclopedia/capacitors.cfm (732 words)

	Femtools Model Update
		Model updating works by modifying the mass, stiffness, and damping parameters of the FE model until an improved agreement between FEA data and test data is achieved.
		Unlike direct methods, producing a mathematical model capable of reproducing a given state, the goal of FE model updating is to achieve an improved match between model and test data by making physically meaningful changes to model parameters which correct inaccurate modeling assumptions.
		The FE model is then reformed using the new values of the update parameters, and the process repeats until some convergence criteria, analyzed by means of correlation functions, is met.
	www.navcon.com /FemtoolsModelUpdate.htm (1440 words)

	Modeling Frequently Asked Questions
		However, s-parameter elements are not included in statistical (e.g., Monte Carlo) yield analyses, and the frequency sweep resolution (about 400 points over the frequency range of the model) is set in the s-parameter file.
		The inductance in your lumped element model does not match your published rating, and the DCR rating does not match the series resistance in your model.
		The assumption that all elements of a model will be proportional throughout a series is based on the idea that all variables in producing the different inductor values change in linear proportion to each other.
	www.coilcraft.com /modelfaq.cfm (788 words)

	Microsystem Analysis Key Feature-System Modeling
		This element can be considered a "fl box" with a user defined response and can be connected to other "fl box" elements to provide a representation of a more complex system.
		However, it is important to remember that the accuracy of a lumped element system simulation is only as a good as the accuracy of the functions used in building the lumped elements.
		The lumped circuit elements are for simulating linear circuits, and solve for unknown nodal voltages (and currents, in some instances).
	www.ansys.com /industries/mems/mems-feature-lumped.asp (414 words)

	CiteULike: A broad-band lumped element analytic model incorporating skin effect and substrate loss for inductors and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		We present a broad-band lumped element planar inductor model that is suitable for RFIC design in silicon technologies.
		The analytic computation of the physics-based model components, incorporating both metal skin effect and substrate loss, is described.
		The model is validated using measured data from over 200 inductors made with five different silicon back-end process technologies.
	www.citeulike.org /user/kristgy/article/815446 (332 words)

	CommsDesign - Accurate Modeling of Spiral Inductors on Silicon for Wireless RFIC Designs
		Using measured data, a lumped element model is derived for the selected spirals for use within the IC design process.
		Applying the simulated and measured S-parameter data to the model in Figure 5 (by identifying the input impedance when Port 2 is shorted to ground) allows you to plot the inductance (L) and resistance (R) values as a function of frequency.
		Although the spiral inductor is not symmetrical with respect to the two ports, the equivalent model is usually assumed to be symmetrical for simplicity.
	www.commsdesign.com /showArticle.jhtml?articleID=192200412 (3658 words)

	Introduction to Lumped Models
		This appendix introduces modeling of ``lumped'' physical systems, such as configurations of masses, springs, and ``dashpots''.
		Examples from musical acoustics include brass-players' lips (modeled using one or two masses attached to springs--see Chapter 8), and the piano hammer (modeled using a mass and nonlinear spring, as discussed in Chapter 5).
		Next, we discuss digitization of lumped networks by various means, including finite differences, the bilinear transformation, and a few other simple methods for digitizing an equivalent circuit one element at a time.
	ccrma.stanford.edu /~jos/lumped/Introduction_Lumped_Models.html (436 words)

	Jones and Arnold
		The first is a surface energy-balance model which uses meteorological data, a digital elevation model of the glacier surface, albedo variations and shading from adjacent relief to calculate the amount of surface melt in individual grid cells over the whole surface of the glacier (Arnold et al.
		Apart from discrepancies in modelled amounts of SSC, the relatively smaller diurnal range of SSC in the early season is captured by the model, although this is obviously controlled by the lower diurnal discharge ranges at this time (Fig.
		Since Clarke was assessing model performance for Trapridge Glacier, a soft-bed polythermal glacier in northern Canada, it is possible that the character of the flow and the bed surface are quite different for a glacier in an alpine environment.
	ggg.qub.ac.uk /papers/full/1999/rp091999/rp09.html (6554 words)

	DLI - Frequently Asked Questions
		The models are grouped by capacitor family and are representative of performance across the range of values and over standard temperature ranges.
		Fundamental relationships [models], supported by resonant line, s parameter, and other measured data, are used to predict the lumped element, equivalent circuit parameters.
		The lumped element models are not sophisticated enough to predict performance beyond the first series and parallel resonances, resultantly, distributed transmission line models are used to predict anticipated performance beyond these points.
	www.dilabs.com /about/faqs.aspx (1659 words)

	Mayo SPPDG: Model Development
		For low frequency applications, lumped element models are generally adequate.
		In a theoretical approach, a model is developed using electromagnetic (EM) simulators like those developed at Mayo, using the material properties and physical dimensions of the packaging interconnect, planes, dielectrics, etc. In an empirical approach, lumped element parasitics are measured in the SPPDG's state of the art test laboratory.
		Whenever possible, the SPPDG validates its packaging models by comparing the simulated performance of the resultant models to measured data in the time and/or frequency domains from representative packaging.
	www.mayo.edu /sppdg/Simulation_and_Design/ModelDevelopment.html (465 words)

	EMail Msg <2922600431-1915582@KSL-Mac-69>
		Model fragments are conceptual building blocks for programs that formulate and assemble engineering models of device behavior, using techniques such as Compositional Modeling [Falkenhainer and Forbus, AIJ, 1990].
		It appeared that several modeling approaches, from digital circuit modeling to rigid body dynamics, seemed to be based on a commitment to a class of behavior models called lumped-element models.
		In a lumped-element model, the behavior of a device is described in terms of values of state variables (unary functions) that map a single independent variable (e.g., time, but not space) to physical quantities (of position, force, etc.).
	www-ksl.stanford.edu /email-archives/srkb.messages/124.html (902 words)

	Electrostatic Discharge Association
		In Part Two, we indicated that one of the key elements in a successful static control program was the identification of those items (components, assemblies, and finished products) that are sensitive to ESD and the level of their sensitivity.
		It is modeled by a 100 pF capacitor discharged through a switching component and a 1.5kW series resistor into the component.
		However, there are real-world situations that this model represents, for example the rapid discharge from a charged board assembly or from the charged cables of an automatic tester.
	www.esda.org /esdbasics5.htm (1703 words)

	papers: Pub 35 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		A combined lumped/finite element model of a portion of the desmodromic valve train of a racing motorbike engine was developed and validated in order to simulate the elastodynamic behaviour of such a particular timing system.
		The model includes the lumped parameter model of the belt transmission that drives the camshafts, the finite element model of the camshafts, and the lumped parameter model of two cam-valve mechanisms (one for each camshaft).
		Some possible applications of the presented model are provided in order to show how the overall model could be employed to perform both design optimisation and diagnostics.
	www.diem.ing.unibo.it /mechmach/rivola/pub35.html (246 words)

	Class Notes: Tesla Coils and the Failure of Lumped-Element Circuit Theory
		Lumped circuit theory fails because it's a theory whose presuppositions are inadequate.
		Lumped element representations for coils require that the current is uniformly distributed along the coil - no wave interference and no standing waves can be present on lumped elements.
		In the lumped element model, the sphere serves as a conjugate reactance, equal and opposite to 2
	www.ttr.com /corum/index.htm (3948 words)

	Lumped element model Information - Lumped element model
		The lumped element model of electronic circuits makes the simplifying assumption that each element is an infinitesimal point in space, and that the wires connecting elements are perfect conductors.
		The field of electronics is the study and use of systems that operate by controlling the flow of electrons or other electrically charged particles in devices such as thermionic valves and semiconductors.
		The study of new semiconductor devices and their technology is sometimes considered as a branch of physics.
	www.inanot.com /Ina-Electronics_Topics_L_-_Ma-/Lumped_element_model.html (208 words)

	Implementing models in Eagleware Genesys
		After all the lumped elements are placed into the schematic, change the value for each element to match the value in the model table for the specific inductor.
		If you plan to model different Coilcraft inductors in the same schematic, be sure to rename the individual lumped elements and variables, then update the values from the model table for each inductor.
		If you are interested in the Q of the inductor in a 2-port series configuration, the additional 50 Ohms impedance of the second port results in a lower simulated Q value than the 1-port configuration.
	www.coilcraft.com /modelseagleware.cfm (970 words)

	Electrostatics Society of America - Abstracts from the 1999 Annual Conference
		The lightning induced hot and dense electrons are modelled as long, perfectly conducting cylinders with surface density fluctuations on a scale much smaller than the total channel length.
		The database is derived, prior to the data acquisition, using a 'forward model' of the sensor response based on either a continuum model or a finite element model for the sensor and the specific problem of interest.
		In this paper we extend the continuum model for interdigital dielectrometry sensors and propose a new, direct technique for estimating material electrical properties from measurements.
	www.bu.edu /esa/abstracts/esa99abstract.html (5535 words)

	FEMtools Model Updating
		When working with large FE models, a bottom-up modeling, testing and assembly approach should be considered.
		Probabilistic model updating is about modifying design parameters and their random properties to improve statistical correlation between simulation and test point clouds and their statistical derivatives.
		Using a procedure that is similar to probabilistic model updating, design parameters and their random properties are used to modify position, shape and size of simulation point clouds to satisfy design goals and constraints.
	www.femtools.com /products/ftmu.htm (1740 words)

	Electrostatic Discharge Association: Fundamentals of ESD
		In Part Two of this series, we indicated that a key element in a successful static control program was the identification of those items (components, assemblies, and finished products) that are sensitive to ESD and the level of their sensitivity.
		It is modeled by a 100 pF capacitor discharged through a switching component and a 1.5kOhm series resistor into the component.
		This model, which dates from the nineteenth century, was developed for investigating explosions of gas mixtures in mines.
	www.esda.org /basics/part5.cfm (1849 words)

	phd (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		This paper presents a novel digital tonehole model that is based on a lumped acoustic element network and that is discretised using wave digital filter (WDF) techniques.
		This lumped acoustic element half-hole model can be brought into the digital domain with the use of WDF techniques.
		The main difference between the two approaches is that a WDF represents a lumped element or a network of these (for which the port-resistance may be chosen freely), while a DWM represents a distributed element (for which the port-resistance must equal the characteristic impedance).
	www.ph.ed.ac.uk /~maarten/icmc00.html (515 words)

	Lumped element model (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The lumped element model of electronic circuitss makes the simplifying assumption that each element is an infinitesimal point in space, and that the wires connecting elements are perfect conductorss.
		This is reasonable for many actual circuits, but breaks down when actual circuit impedances are very low, or when the length of the wire approaches the wavelength of the circuit's operating frequency.
		To account for leakage in capacitors for example, we can visualize the capacitor as having a large resistor connected in-parallel.
	publicliterature.org /en/wikipedia/l/lu/lumped_element_model.html (169 words)

	Modeling of Plasma Actuator Effects Using Lumped Element Circuit Model (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Modeling of Plasma Actuator Effects Using Lumped Element Circuit Model
		This model describes the extent of the volume of plasma in time during the AC cycle.
		This model also accounts for the charge build-up on the surface of the dieletric, the ``virtual'' electrode.
	flux.aps.org /meetings/YR04/DFD04/baps/abs/S540009.html (219 words)

	Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Bend? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Years ago, TC Edwards presented good lumped-element models for right-angle bends for the microwave industry (Reference 1).
		These models indicate that a right-angle bend has two primary effects: a slight delay plus some excess lumped capacitance.
		Assuming that you are using 100-psec rise and fall times, the size of the reflected signal that bounces off this capacitive discontinuity is 0.30% (that's 0.003) of the incoming step amplitude.
	www.sigcon.com /Pubs/edn/bigbadbend.htm (801 words)

	TechOnline \| CMOS VCSEL Driver Design at 1Gbits/s for High-Speed Optical Communication Applications
		In the initial design, these effects were modeled by a 45-fF capacitor to ground for the bond pad, in series with a 1 nH inductor to the package leadframe, at each port.
		First, by modeling the substrate process stack-up conditions, which were determined from the silicon CMOS process for the circuit, the substrate effects for the 0.13 µm CMOS process were added.
		Since the process had eight copper metal layers, the eight-layer multi-layer library substrate definition was chosen to model the substrate and pass the these effects to the quasi-static field solver within the multi-layer library components.
	www.edadesignline.com /showArticle.jhtml?articleID=192200624 (2689 words)

	A transient circuit model for a phase change memory element
		A transient lumped element model for a phase change memory (PCM) cell is developed for use in a circuit simulator.
		Unlike existing models, this model calculates threshold voltage and off-state resistance drift as found in PCM-cells.
		After an explanation of the model, simulations results are shown and compared with measurements.
	www.nsti.org /Nanotech2006/showabstract.html?absno=1089 (140 words)

	NTRC-Network Technology Research Centre
		In this model, power line is approximated as a transmission line, of which two intrinsic parameters, the characteristic impedance and propagation constants, are derived based on lumped-element circuit model.
		Mathematical models are being developed to predict radiated electromagnetic fields from power lines under different cabling arrangements.
		The characteristics derived from the developed channel model are found to be in good agreement with that measured from actual power networks.
	www.ntu.edu.sg /ntrc/Research_2.htm (585 words)

	Respiratory transfer impedance between 8 and 384 Hz in guinea pigs before and after bronchial challenge -- Sobh et ...
		The six-element model described the frequency-dependent decrease of Re(Ztr) at frequencies >40 Hz and the curvilinear increase
		Values are 8-element model means ± SD of 95% individual confidence interval (CI) and 95% joint confidence region (CR) when
		Statistical measures of parameter estimates from models fit to respiratory impedance data: emphasis on joint variables.
	jap.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/82/1/172 (4456 words)

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