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Topic: Lunacy Act 1845

	The Lunacy Commission
		was the basis of lunacy law in England and Wales from 1845 to 1890.
		The Lunacy Commission was to inherit the offices, papers, effects etc of the Metropolitan Commission (1845 Lunacy Act sections 8 + 13) and was to have power to appoint up to four clerks (1845 Lunacy Act section 11).
		One of the honorary commissioners was to be elected Chairman (1845 Lunacy Act section 8).
	www.mdx.ac.uk /www/study/5S.htm (1321 words)

	Summary of the 1828 and 1832 Madhouse Acts
		1845: The quorum for release inquiry visits under the 1845 Lunacy Act, section 77 was one barrister and one physician commissioner (no mention of surgeons) with respect to all houses and hospitals, and by section 78: two County visitors, one of whom was a physician, surgeon or apothecary.
		: The absence of "licensed" in the 1828 Act, with the provisions of the
		The 1842 Inquiry Act, section 24, remedied the latter anomaly by providing for searches of London records respecting county house patients and the 1845 Lunacy Act, section 84, referred to enquiries whether a person was confined in "any licensed house, hospital, asylum or other place by this Act made subject to visitation of the commissioners".
	www.mdx.ac.uk /www/study/3S.htm (8689 words)

	first imbecile asylums
		The Act further required that admission should be on a medical certificate, and that notification of cases received, both in London and elsewhere, should be made to the Commissioners.
		Under the 1845 Lunacy Act, a permanent Board of Lunacy Commissioners was created, and Justices everywhere - in counties and boroughs - were compelled to erect lunatic asylums to be financed by the local rates.
		In their early days, the Lunacy Commissioners had been hopeful of relying on the co-operation of the central destitution authority, but, as they found their recommendations constantly discarded and they had no power to enforce their suggested reforms, they came to voice their displeasure and alarm.
	www.sochealth.co.uk /history/imbecile.htm (4768 words)

	SENATE BILL 579 P.N. 591
		AN ACT 1 Establishing a Department of Corrections; providing for 2 correctional facilities for inmates, for administration of 3 correctional field services, for joint county detention 4 facilities and for the powers of courts with respect to 5 offenders, establishing the Pennsylvania Parole Commission 6 and providing for its powers and duties and making repeals.
		All such contracts in 17 effect as of the effective date of this act shall remain fully 18 in effect, except that the Commonwealth official party to such 19 contracts shall be, instead of the Chairman of the Pennsylvania 20 Board of Probation and Parole, the Secretary of Corrections.
		The 4 period of two years shall mean the entire continuous term of 5 sentence to which a person is subject, whether the same be by 6 one or more sentences, either to simple imprisonment or to an 7 indeterminate imprisonment at hard labor, as authorized by law 8 to be imposed for criminal offenses.
	www.legis.state.pa.us /WU01/LI/BI/BT/1981/0/SB0579P0591.HTM (9493 words)

	Nineteenth-Century Britain, introduction, study questions
		Acts of 1778 and 1791 repealed most non-political disabilities for Catholics, and in 1829 "Catholic Emancipation" permitted Roman Catholics to vote, though restrictions remained (Catholics, Dissenters and Jews couldn't attend Oxbridge or Cambridge, which required assent to the 39 articles).
		In 1845 the Lunacy Act for the first time required counties to provide adequate asylum accommodations for pauper lunatics and for the diagnosis and treatment of insanity; and mandated that asylums be inspected by medical practitioners.
		As a partial corrective, an 1862 amendment to the Lunacy Act required the signatures of two physicians with no financial interest in the asylum to which commitment was intended and the approval of a magistrate for commitment.
	www.english.uiowa.edu /courses/boos/questions/19thcentintroweb.htm (5359 words)

	Bentham's Utilitarianism in Victorian England
		These principles have been associated with several reform acts entered into English law such as the Factory Act of 1833, the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834, the Prison Act of 1835, the Municipal Corporations Act of 1835, the Committee on Education in 1839,the Lunacy Act of 1845, and the Public Health Act of 1845.
		The Lunacy Act of 1845 could also be considered a product of Bentham's proposal for a more humane system of government.
		The Lunacy Act required all counties to "provide adequate asylum accommodation for pauper lunatics, to separate them from the merely indigent or criminal, and made the inspection of all private asylums compulsory" (398).
	skeptically.org /utilitarianismtheethicaltheoryforalltimes/id30.html (2008 words)

	Welcome to This Is Folkestone Kent .. people, places, and events (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Becoming a lunacy commissioner in 1828 and commission chairman in 1834, he secured passage of the Lunacy Act of 1845, the first British statute to treat the insane as "persons of unsound mind" rather than social outcasts.
		Although popularly known as Lord Ashley's Act, the Ten Hours Act of 1847 was passed while he was temporarily out of the House of Commons (January 1846-July 1847).
		By his Mines Act of 1842, Ashley excluded all women and girls and all boys under the age of 10 from underground coal-mine employment, in which he had found boys aged 4 or 5 years.
	www.thisisfolkestone.co.uk /famousresidents6.htm (467 words)

	Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 7th Earl of Shaftesbury - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He became a Tory MP (Member of Parliament) in 1826, and almost immediately became a leader of the movement for factory reform.
		He was largely responsible for the Factory Acts of 1847 and 1853, as well as the Coal Mines Act of 1842 and the Lunacy Act of 1845.
		One of his chief interests was the welfare of children, and he was chairman of the Ragged Schools Union and a keen supporter of Florence Nightingale.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Anthony_Ashley-Cooper,_7th_Earl_of_Shaftesbury (321 words)

	HOUSE BILL 466 P.N. 487
		The provisions of the act of 24 April 9, 1929 (P.L.177, No.175), known as "The Administrative 25 Code of 1929," which apply generally to administrative 26 departments shall also apply to the Department of Corrections.
		16 (a) The secretary shall administer the department in 17 accordance with the provisions of this act and of the act of 18 April 9, 1929 (P.L.177, No.175), known as "The Adminstrative 19 Code of 1929," 20 (b) The secretary shall prescribe rules and regulations for 21 the operation of the department.
		All such contracts in 24 effect as of the effective date of this act shall remain fully 25 in effect, except that the Commonwealth official party to such 26 contracts shall be, instead of the Chairman of the Pennsylvania 27 Board of Probation and Parole, the Secretary of Corrections.
	www.legis.state.pa.us /WU01/LI/BI/BT/1981/0/HB0466P0487.HTM (10630 words)

	First Psychiatric Clinic in a General Hospital in India ::MHR:: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		In pursuance of this Act and the rules framed thereunder, the flow of patients gradually dwindled, till it came to an end in 1891.
		Thus the English Act of 1774 was replace by the country Asylum Act of 1808 which in turn was replaced by Lunatic Act and Lunatic Asylum and Pauper Lunatics Act of 1845 as amended by (a) Lunacy Regulation Act, 1853 (b) Lunatic Care Treatment (Amendment) Act, 1853 and (c) Lunatic Asylums (Amendment) Act.
		This Act also was obsessed with a persistent concern for the protection of the public from those who were considered dangerous to the society.
	www.psyplexus.com /excl/lmhi.html (2190 words)

	Florence Boos: Study Questions, Comprehensive Examinations, Bibliographies and Other Materials
		1845 Lunacy Act of 1845 required parishes to establish separate institutions for mentally ill paupers (removing them from the prisons and poorhouses).
		The existence of a parallel set of competing church institutions created divisiveness, and when the government revoked the provisions of the Patronage Act in 1874, the way was prepared for the reunion of the United Presbyterian Church and the Free Church in 1900 and of most major Presbyterian bodies in 1929.
		1845 Poor Law Amendment Act made some effort to increase Scottish poor relief, which was about a fifth of the English rate per capita; the Scottish law provided for relief only in cases of disability.
	www.english.uiowa.edu /courses/boos/questions/timelinebrit.html (5420 words)

	Georgetown Law - Published Articles (GLH)
		The act arose in the Sewell case, in which John Sewell petitioned for a divorce because his wife, Eve, had been convicted in Talbot County Court of adultery.
		Two defenses to divorce were available: unclean hands, in which the applicant had committed a wrongful act and was therefore barred from obtaining relief, and connivance, in which the applicant had tacitly consented to the defendant's wrongful act.
		Petitioners could obtain absolute divorce on grounds of bigamy, lunacy, impotence and adultery and divorces from bed and board on grounds of cruelty, apprehension of bodily harm or desertion for three years.
	www.law.georgetown.edu /glh/young.htm (578 words)

	Lord Shaftesbury and ragged schooling
		Whilst known as Lord Ashley, he became involved in factory reform and was responsible for taking three factory acts through Parliament (1847; 1850 and 1859); and the Coal Mines Act (1842) which stopped the employment underground of women and children under 13.
		He also piloted the Lunacy Act (1845); helped Florence Nightingale with her army welfare and nursing work, and was centrally involved in the YMCA and YWCA (see the later section on the YWCA).
		After the passing of the Board School Act, there were a number of people wanting to sideline or crush ragged schools (Bready 1926: 158).
	www.infed.org /walking/wa-shaft.htm (856 words)

	[No title]
		The Act came in the wake of a long period of increased public concern about the conditions in which the insane were kept, and about callous assumptions regarding their incurability.
		The Act was partly aimed at desegregating the poor and the insane, and the first madhouses to open "were in rural districts where pauperism was severe and subsistence farming declining" (Warner, 1994, p.
		In England the 1845 Lunacy Act, which was intended as "a mechanism for providing the mentally ill with the early treatment thought necessary for cure" (Bebbington, 1987, p.
	www.criticalmethods.org /a2.htm (16713 words)

	History of the Mental Health Act
		Principle of beneficence is often used when acting on another person’s behalf, usually to prevent self harm or exploitation.
		There are 2 separate Mental Health Acts in Britain, the Mental Health Act 1983 for England and Wales and the Mental Health Act 1984 for Scotland.
		Increased resources are needed not only to implement the Act but to ensure that the right services are in place to prevent the requirement to use the Act if possible.
	www.portfolio.mvm.ed.ac.uk /studentwebs/session4/54/ethics.htm (1119 words)

	The Congregation of British Jews, London.
		I should have greater hopes in the impartial administration of the gentleman who is to succeed the late Rabbi did I not fear the influence of men who will attempt to poison his mind against the Secession Congregation.
		The preliminary step to peace as an act of common justice, must be the revocation of the Cherem (i.e.
		That act of simple justice must be done unconditionally, then we shall be in a position to listen to overtures of peace.
	www.jewish-history.com /Occident/volume2/feb1845/british.html (2400 words)

	Utilitarianism
		The means of supporting these costs fell on the landowners who now had sufficient reason to hope for poor law reform.
		The Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834 was passed and Edwin Chadwick, once Bentham's personal aide, was made secretary of the Poor Law Commission.
		Although a prison such as the Panopticon was never built Bentham's principles of lenity, severity, and economy in prisons were influential.
	www.gober.net /victorian/reports/utilitar.html (2019 words)

	On Gender and Rhetorical Space, Part 4
		Burning the magnificent pulpit at Breadsall, painstakingly recreated with bench-ends from the sixteenth century, was an act of trespass on male authority by women.
		It was, for Cox, writing at the same time, an act of "lunacy"--an intermittent act of insanity associated with the phases of the moon and with women throughout history.
		Of course, such symbolic trespasses always are met with outrage by those who endow with meaning the "micro-adjustments" of the objects and creatures in a sacred space.
	www.u.arizona.edu /~roxanne/306/space4.html (2781 words)

	Covent Garden History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		He was responsible for taking three factory acts through Parliament in addition to the Coal Mines Act of 1842 which stopped the underground employment of women and children under 13 as well as abolished the system of apprenticeship.
		Shaftesbury also piloted the Lunacy Act of 1845.
		Shaftesbury was also one of the founders of the Ragged Schools Union which grew out of the recognition that existing schools were not providing for large numbers of children in inner-city areas.
	www.coventgarden.uk.com /shaftesb.html (635 words)

	[No title]
		The Board of Control was successor to the Lunacy Commissioners which had been established under the Lunacy Act of 1845.
		The Board of Control was set up in 1913 under the terms of the Mental Deficiency Act of that year, with responsibility over admission, detention and discharge of psychiatric patients in respect of institutional supervision.
		Under the Mental Treatment Act of 1930 to the Board of Control was also transferred some of the powers held by the Minister of Health.
	www.nationalarchives.gov.uk /catalogue/Leaflets/ri2278.htm (1324 words)

	Invited commentary on Training for approval under Section 12(2). Ethics and implications of assessments -- Zigmond 9 ...
		Act), it is clearly important that training is about principles,
		The 1890 Act prevented all admissions to mental hospitals (apart
		Brown, N. and Humphreys, M. (2003) Training of doctors for approval under Section 12(2) of the Mental Health Act 1983.
	apt.rcpsych.org /cgi/content/full/9/1/43?etoc (961 words)

	Oxfordshire Health Archives
		When the Warneford was being planned it was suggested that the County Magistrates might like to join in the project but they declined.
		Under the 1808 County Asylum Act they were only encouraged to provide a suitable institution for the mentally ill chargeable to the parish; it was not enforced on them until the 1845 Lunacy Act.
		In 1867 some patients complained about the suet pudding to the visiting Commissioners in Lunacy; they also objected to the recent substitution of dripping for butter.
	www.webdoc.co.uk /archives/littlemore.htm (806 words)

	Chapter 15 Part A--Bancroft's History of Utah 1540-1886
		It holds the keys of all spiritual blessings, receives the mysteries of the kingdom of heaven, whose doors are ever open, and holds communion with God the father, Jesus Christ the mediator, Joseph Smith the prophet, and all departed saints.
		Early in 1845, Young, Kimball, and Richards were chosen to the first presidency, and Wight was disfellowshipped for apostasy; the vacancies thus caused were filled by appointing Chas C. Rich, Lorenzo and Erastus Snow, and Franklin D. Richards.
		I tell you the truth as it is in the bosom of eternity; and I say so to every man upon the face of the earth: if he wishes to be saved, he cannot be saved without a woman by his side.
	www.utlm.org /onlinebooks/bancroftshistoryofutah_chapter15a.htm?FACTNet (11601 words)

	Cronologie di Psicopolis
		It collected, collated and analysed data on the treatment of lunacy and advised on the development of lunacy law and policy.
		, uncle of Lewis Carol, and a Lunacy Commissioner, was murdered by William M'Kave, a patient.
		The 1890 Lunacy Act was a major consolidating Act that remained the core of English and welsh Lunacy Legislation until it was repealed by the
	www.psicopolis.com /timeline/salmentimeline2.htm (4362 words)

	Hugo Schwyzer: Sorry seems to be the hardest word -- and rampant lesbianism!
		Boys have to be on their guard against appearing weak - either literally, by losing fights, or figuratively, in the way they speak - because if they act or talk in ways that show weakness, other boys will take advantage and push them around.
		But refusing to apologize infuriates women because that makes it seem as if the guy doesn't care that he let her down, and if he doesn't care, there's no reason to think he won't do it again.
		And if we hadn't acted in 2003, these atrocities would be continuing to this day, and beyond.
	hugoboy.typepad.com /hugo_schwyzer/2004/10/sorry_seems_to_.html (5928 words)

	A History of Mental Hospitals - MedHunters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Towards the end of the 18th century, increasing knowledge about mental health and increasing public awareness about the treatment of the mentally ill, led to municipal inquiries into the state of the London asylum.
		In 1808, the County Asylums Act encouraged – but did not force – the building of new asylums to alleviate the overcrowded Bedlam.
		The Lunacy Act of 1845 finally required that there be an asylum in every county in England.
	www.medhunters.com /articles/historyOfMentalHosps.html (1041 words)

	CH2 Final Exam Definitions
		As chairman of lunacy commission (1834-85) secured passage of Lunacy Act (1845).
		Philosopher who questioned Locke's assertions that the real seat of human action was the Understanding based on level, logical, educated decisions, and that humans act on the basis of happiness or misery resulting from a particular action.
		The leaders of the Church of England condemned the tract formally on March 15, and, on the insistence of the bishop of Oxford, publication of the Tracts for the Times was discontinued.
	old.vts.edu /2001/ch2/finaldefintions.htm (5865 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Louisa is a figure of poetic tragedy; and there is no question of naturalness in her case: she speaks from beginning to end as an inspired prophetess, conscious of her own doom and finally bearing to her father the judgment of Providence on his blind conceit.
		If you once consent to overlook her marriage, which is none the less an act of prostitution because she does it to obtain advantages for her brother and not for herself, there is nothing in the solemn poetry of her deadly speech that jars.
		They're a very good-natur'd people, my people, but they're accuthtomed to be quick in their movementh; and if you don't act upon my advithe, I'm damned if I don't believe they'll pith you out o' winder."
	members.aol.com /lennart/ht1.htm (10686 words)

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