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Topic: Lunar Orbiter 4

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Anastasio Somoza Debayle

February 5

	Honeysuckle Creek
		Lunar Orbiter I was launched from Cape Kennedy Launch Complex 13 at 1526 EDT on 10 August 1966, the Atlas-Agena D launch vehicle injecting the spacecraft into its planned 90-hour trajectory to the moon.
		Lunar Orbiter I achieved its mission objectives, and, with the exception of the high-resolution camera, the performance of the photo subsystem and other spacecraft subsystems was outstanding.
		At one stage Lunar Orbiter V was manoeuvred to reflect sunlight from its solar panels and underside mirrors with the reflected rays to be photographed by telescopes on Earth.
	www.honeysucklecreek.net /msfn_missions/preparingforapollo/Lunar_Orbiter/hl_lunar_orbiter.html (4685 words)

	Lunar Orbiter program - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Lunar Orbiter program was a series of five unmanned Lunar orbiter missions launched by the United States in 1966 through 1967 with the purpose of mapping the lunar surface before the Apollo landings.
		Lunar Orbiter 4 photographed the entire nearside and 95 % of the farside, and Lunar Orbiter 5 completed the farside coverage and acquired medium (20 m) and high (2 m) resolution images of 36 pre-selected areas.
		The Lunar Orbiters were all eventually commanded to crash on the Moon before their attitude control gas ran out so they would not present navigational or communications hazards to later Apollo flights.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_program (919 words)

	Lunar Orbiter 4 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lunar Orbiter 4 was designed to take advantage of the fact that the three previous Lunar Orbiters had completed the required needs for Apollo mapping and site selection.
		It was given a more general objective, to "perform a broad systematic photographic survey of lunar surface features in order to increase the scientific knowledge of their nature, origin, and processes, and to serve as a basis for selecting sites for more detailed scientific study by subsequent orbital and landing missions".
		The spacecraft was used for tracking purposes until it impacted the lunar surface due to the natural decay of the orbit no later than October 31, 1967, between 22--30 degrees W longitude.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_4 (517 words)

	Encyclopedia: Lunar Orbiter 4
		Categories: Lunar Orbiter program Lunar orbiter spacecraft (NASA) The Lunar Orbiter program was a series of five unmanned Lunar orbiter missions launched by the United States in 1966 through 1967 with the purpose of mapping the lunar surface before the Apollo landings.
		The Lunar Orbiter 3 was a spacecraft launched by NASA in 1967, designed primarily to photograph areas of the lunar surface for confirmation of safe landing sites for the Surveyor and Apollo missions.
		Lunar Orbiter 5, the last of the Lunar Orbiter series, was designed to take additional Apollo and Surveyor landing site photography and to take broad survey images of unphotographed parts of the Moons far side.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Lunar-Orbiter-4 (1444 words)

	Lunar Orbiter 4 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Lunar Orbiter to the Moon Information and data on the five lunar orbiter missions (1966-1967).
		Lunar Orbiter Photographic Atlas of the Moon Digital edition of Lunar Orbiter Photographic Atlas, 1971, with all 675 plates.
		Lunar Orbiter Detailed information, experiments, data, and images on the five survey missions (1966-1967).
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Lunar_Orbiter_4.html (263 words)

	Lunar Orbiter
		The Lunar Orbiters’ primary mission was to obtain topographic data in the lunar equatorial region between 43° E and 56° W to help in the selection of suitable landing sites for the unmanned Surveyor and manned Apollo missions.
		With this objective achieved by Lunar Orbiter 3, the remaining two flights were able to carry out further photography of lunar surface features for purely scientific purposes.
		Lunar Orbiter 4 photographed the entire nearside and 95% of the farside; Lunar Orbiter 5 completed the farside coverage and acquired medium (20 m) and high (2 m) resolution images of 36 pre-selected areas.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/L/Lunar_Orbiter.html (243 words)

	Lunar Orbiter 4
		The Lunar Orbiter 4 spacecraft was designed primarily to photograph smooth areas of the lunar surface for selection and verification of safe landing sites for the Surveyor and Apollo missions.
		A detailed description of the experiment, a bibliography, and indexes of all the available Lunar Orbiter 1 through 5 photos are contained in the report, 'Lunar Orbiter photographic data,' NSSDC 69-05, June 1969.
		The principal purpose of the Lunar Orbiter radiation measuring systems was to monitor, in real time, particle fluxes that would damage processed film in case of major solar cosmic-ray events.
	www.solarviews.com /eng/orbiter4.htm (878 words)

	ch10-3
		Lunar Orbiter IV experienced a higher dose of radiation than had the previous Orbiters: 5.5 rads recorded by the radiation dosimeter for the film supply cassette versus 0.75 rads on earlier Orbiters.
		The key to the Orbiter IV farside photography as well as to all farside photography of the five Lunar Orbiter missions was the Flight Programmer, previously discussed.
		Lunar Orbiter IV was in its thirty-fourth orbit around the Moon and had photographed its surface as far as the 100° west meridian.
	www.hq.nasa.gov /office/pao/History/TM-3487/ch10-3.htm (2009 words)

	Lunar Orbiter 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
		The Lunar Orbiter program consisted of 5 Lunar Orbiters which returned photography of 99% of the surface of the Moon (near and far side) with resolution down to 1 meter.
		The Lunar Orbiters were all eventually commanded to crash on the Moon before their attitude control gas ran out so they would not present navigational or communications hazards to later Apollo flights.
		The main bus of the Lunar Orbiter had the general shape of a truncated cone, 1.65 meters tall and 1.5 meters in diameter at the base.
	www.skyrocket.de /space/doc_sdat/lunar-orbiter.htm (812 words)

	informationsphere.com: Lunar Orbiter Mission
		Five Lunar Orbiter missions were launched in 1966 and 1967 to study the Moon.
		Lunar Orbiter 4 photographed the near-side and 95% of the far-side of the Moon.
		Lunar Orbiter 5 completed the photography of the far-side and collected medium and high resolution imagery of 36 preselected regions.
	www.informationsphere.com /html/3618.htm (106 words)

	Planetary Society: History of Moon Missions
		Lunar Orbiter 2 went into lunar orbit on November 6, 1966 and took over 800 pictures during its mission, including an oblique view of the crater Copernicus that was voted one of the best images of the century by the press.
		Lunar Orbiter 3 was able to photograph Surveyor 2 on the surface.
		Lunar Prospector was designed to go into a low polar orbit around the Moon and search for water ice and other minerals in the dark areas of craters that get very little, if any sunlight.
	www.planetary.org /learn/missions/moonmissions.html (3825 words)

	Mare Crisium
		I have been studying lunar anomalies on an analog level since 1994, with an astronomical and stratigraphic interest in the moon for several years prior to that.
		On vertical shots from Lunar Orbiter 4 (191H3 and north Crisium close up, 51-H3) this bright "Dome" can't be seen.(2) The Apollo 10 footprint maps show the angle of the photo.
		On the Lunar Orbiter 4 photos one can see a small bright ray crater that it is situated just inside the right 4421 footprint map photo boundary.
	www.lunaranomalies.com /mare.htm (2187 words)

	Mars Exploration: Missions
		Mariner 3 and 4 were identical spacecraft designed to carry out the first flybys of Mars.
		Three weeks later, on November 28, 1964, Mariner 4 was launched successfully on an eight-month voyage to the red planet.
		The Mariner 4 spacecraft was not expected to survive much longer than the eight months to its Mars flyby encounter, but actually lasted about three years in solar orbit, continuing long-term studies of the solar wind environment and making coordinated measurements with Mariner 5, a sister ship launched to Venus in 1967.
	marsprogram.jpl.nasa.gov /missions/past/mariner3-4.html (276 words)

	Lunar Orbiter - netlexikon
		Die Hauptaufgabe der "Lunar Orbiter" war, die Oberfläche des Mondes auf fotografischem Wege genau zu kartieren.
		Für Lunar Orbiter 1 bis 3 wurden Umlaufbahnen mit niedriger Bahnneigung gewählt, die ausschließlich über Gebiete in der Nähe des Äquators führten.
		Lunar Orbiter 4 und 5 wurden dagegen auf polare Umlaufbahnen gebracht, die eine Kartierung der kompletten Mondoberfläche erlaubten.
	www.lexikon-definition.de /Lunar-Orbiter.html (512 words)

	NASA's Solar System Exploration: Missions: By Target: Moon: Past: Lunar Orbiter
		Five Lunar Orbiter missions were launched in 1966 through 1967 with the purpose of mapping the lunar surface before the Apollo landings.
		All five missions were successful, and 99% of the Moon was photographed with a resolution of 60 m or better.
		The images at the top of the page show the Lunar Orbiter spacecraft with the high and medium resolution cameras at the center, and an image of the crater Tycho taken with the Lunar Orbiter 5 medium resolution camera.
	solarsystem.nasa.gov /missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Planet&Object=Moon&Mission=LunarOrb (186 words)

	Lunar Orbiter to the Moon (1966 - 1967) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Five Lunar Orbiter missions were launched in 1966 through 1967 with the purpose of mapping the lunar surface before the Apollo landings.
		All five missions were successful, and 99% of the Moon was photographed with a resolution of 60 meters (197 feet) or better.
		Lunar Orbiter 4 photographed the entire nearside and 95 percent of the farside, and Lunar Orbiter 5 completed the farside coverage and acquired medium (20-meter or 660-foot) and high (2-meter or 6.6-foot) resolution images of 36 pre-selected areas.
	www.planetscapes.com /solar/eng/lunarorb.htm (251 words)

	Peirce Crater: Apollo 17 vs Lunar Orbiter 4
		Lunar Orbiter 4 was at an altitude of 5503km when LO4-191H was taken, so the resolution was very low; the size of the smallest resolvable object was 117 meters at a contrast ration of 3:1.
		In the Lunar Orbiter image of Figure 1A, a number of straight furrows run parallel to each other from just beneath the letter A down toward the center of the crater.
		The appearance of furrows in the Lunar Orbiter photograph may be somewhat supported by the similar orientation of ridges in the Apollo photograph.
	www.vgl.org /webfiles/lan/peirce2.htm (1318 words)

	Lunar Orbiter
		The lunar orbiter used a film scanning process taken from a classified program and returned high-resolution images of the surface back to Earth.
		The Lunar Orbiter spacecraft would be capable of photographing the moon from a distance of 22 miles above the surface.
		Lunar Orbiter II mission as of November 28 indicated that the first phase of the photographic mission was completed when the final photo was taken on the afternoon of November 25.
	www.astronautix.com /craft/lunbiter.htm (2042 words)

	Lunar Orbiter - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Lunar Orbiter - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Lunar Orbiter, series of United States spacecraft that orbited the moon between August 1966 and January 1968.
		In 2003 researchers used the giant Arecibo Observatory radio telescope to bounce radar signals off the surface of craters at the Moon’s poles.
	encarta.msn.com /Lunar_Orbiter.html (139 words)

	Search for Lunar Orbiter 1 - WordIQ.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Five Lunar Orbiter missions were launched in 1966 through 1967 with the purpose of mapping the lunar surface...
		The Lunar Orbiter 1 spacecraft was designed primarily to photograph smooth areas of the lunar surface for selection and verification of safe landing sites for the Surveyor and Apollo missions.
		The Lunar Orbiter 1 spacecraft was designed primarily to photograph smooth areas of the lunar surface...
	www.wordiq.com /web/lunar+orbiter+1.html (488 words)

	Lunar Orbiter 4 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		"Lunar Orbiter-D" NSSDC ID: 67-041A Description: Lunar Orbiter 4 was designed primarily to photograph smooth areas of the lunar surface for selection and verification of safe landing sites for the Surveyor and Apollo missions.
		The spacecraft was placed in a cislunar trajectory and injected into an elliptical highly inclined lunar orbit for data acquisition.
		The spacecraft was used for tracking purposes until it impacted the lunar surface due to the natural decay of the orbit no later than October 31, 1967, between 22--30 degrees W longitude.
	lunar.arc.nasa.gov /history/timeline/info/orbiter401.htm (244 words)

	The Lunar Orbiter Photographic Atlas of the Moon Online
		Lunar Orbiter 4 mapped the entire near side of the Moon at an average resolution of about 100 meters per line pair.
		Lunar Orbiter 5 filled in some gaps in Apollo site certification, but mostly obtained detailed, high-resolution images of a variety of scientific targets around the Moon.
		After 30 years, the Lunar Orbiter photographs remain the principal reference set of images for the scientific study of surface landforms on the Moon.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/lunar-01a.html (586 words)

	NASA's Solar System Exploration: Missions: By Target: Moon: Past: Lunar Orbiter 4
		Results: Lunar Orbiter 4 was the first in the series dedicated to scientific surveys of the Moon.
		Controllers successfully overcame a problem with the Thermal Camera Door, and subsequently, during its two-month mission, the orbiter took pictures of 99 percent of the near side and 75 percent of the far side of the Moon in a total of 193 frames.
		Before losing contact on 17 July, Lunar Orbiter 4 took the first photos of the lunar south pole and discovered a 240-kilometer-long crustal fault on the far side.
	solarsystem.nasa.gov /missions/profile.cfm?MCode=Lunar_Orb_04&Display=ReadMore (276 words)

	AS16-1411: Oblique view of Dome-Shaped Structures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		However, the resolution was specified at a contrast ratio of 1000:1 for the Apollo cameras whereas the Lunar Orbiter camera resolution was stated for a contrast ratio of 3:1.
		While the cellular pattern on the object's surface in the Orbiter image is not as apparent here, the surface does have a mottled appearance differing from that of the surrounding hills.
		Dark patches with linear boundaries, most clearly visible on the left side of the structure, may be the same cellular pattern observed by Lunar Orbiter 4 in the same area of the object's surface.
	www.vgl.org /webfiles/lan/A16Dome.htm (634 words)

	The Moon - Lunar Orbiter 4 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Lunar Orbiter 4 image of the Mare Orientale basin on the Moon.
		The basin forms a giant 'bulls-eye' on the western limb of the Moon.
		The basin was formed by a giant impact early in the Moon's history.
	www.geog.bgu.ac.il /Nasa_epif/Html/lo4_02.htm (50 words)

	The first lunar base
		The lunar slide lander is by far the easiest (and cheapest) to construct with regard to lunar facilities, requiring only a long flat runway.
		The initial purpose of the first lunar base is to establish the nucleus of a bootstrapping operation which will eventually lead to the establishment of numerous manned bases at many different sites all over the moon.
		Lunar oxygen delivered to LEO will not be economically competitive with water/ice lifted from earth until it can be lifted off the moon without rockets.
	www.androidpubs.com /Chap07.htm (11008 words)

	Lunar Orbiter - Space Missions - Mars,Earth,Jupiter,Venus,Saturn,Neptune,Moon,Mercury... - Our Universe with all ...
		Moon was photographed with a resolution of 60 m or better.
		Lunar Orbiter 4 image of the Moon centered on the Mare Orientale Basin.
		The Lunar Orbiters had an ingenious imaging system, which consisted of a dual-lens camera, a film processing unit, a readout scanner, and a film handling apparatus.
	www.netmoon.com /galaxy/missions/lunar.htm (355 words)

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