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Topic: Lunar Rover

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	Lunar rover - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Lunar Roving Vehicle or Lunar rover or LRV is a land vehicle for use on the Moon.
		Four lunar rovers were built, one each for Apollos 15, 16, and 17, and one that was used for spare parts after the cancellation of further Apollo missions.
		The Apollo Lunar Roving Vehicle was an electric vehicle designed to operate in the low-gravity vacuum of the Moon and to be capable of traversing the lunar surface, allowing the Apollo astronauts to extend the range of their surface extravehicular activities.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lunar_rover (1322 words)

	Rover - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Rover (bicycle), a brand of bicycle, originating in 1885, that is usually described as the first recognizably modern bicycle.
		Rover Light Armoured Car, an armoured car built in Australia during the Second World War.
		Rover, the floating white sphere that captured would-be escapees in The Prisoner TV series
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rover (167 words)

	Apollo Lunar Module - Lunar Rover
		The Lunar Roving Vehicle or LRV is a small dune-buggy car that permitted the Apollo astronauts to drive from the vicinity of their landing site on the moon to make geological observations, collect rock/soil samples and use scientific instruments at various moon locations.
		This was the fourth lunar landing that permitted human exploration on the Moon's surface.
		One of the instruments which was carried on the Lunar Rover was a Traverse Gravimeter.
	www.fi.edu /pieces/schutte/LRV.html (686 words)

	Where No Man Has Gone Before, Ch13-3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		For its trip to the moon, all four wheels folded inward and the rover folded double for stowage in the descent stage of the lunar module.
		Communications from the rover were relayed to earth through the lunar module, but could be sent directly to earth when the lunar terrain blocked the line of sight between the two vehicles.
		Fully equipped and ready for flight, the lunar rover weighed just over 200 kilograms (440 pounds) and could carry about 490 kilograms (1,080 pounds), including the astronauts, their life-support systems, their tools and equipment, and 27 kilograms (60 pounds) of lunar samples that could be brought back to the lunar module on each trip.
	lunar.arc.nasa.gov /archives/documents/SP4214/ch13-3.html (985 words)

	Rover (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		This rover was used to extend the range of the astronauts so that a greater variety of terrain could be visited.
		The requirements for the rover were that it display vehicle heading, bearing to the last point of initialization (usually the LM), speed (km/h), total distance traveled (km), and distance to the LM (km).
		The lunar communications relay unit (LCRU), a high gain antenna mounted on the LRV, had to be oriented at each station for television transmission to Earth.
	ares.jsc.nasa.gov /HumanExplore/Exploration/EXLibrary/docs/ApolloCat/Part1/LRV.htm (2464 words)

	Rover Subsystem - Texas Tech
		A lunar rover is needed to collect lunar soil samples and return them to the processing station.4 The rover will be assisted by remote control, and will also perform other scientific tasks.
		The rover will be fitted with a device capable of collecting up to 1kg of lunar soil and rocks from remote areas away from the contamination region created by the landerÕs rocket thrusters.
		The rover will be controlled by an Earth-based station, but due to time delays, the rover will have some autonomous control to prevent damage to the rover.1 The rover will also have the ability to inspect the lander and the surrounding area with a video camera.
	www.tsgc.utexas.edu /tadp/1995/rover/cdr.html (2509 words)

	NASA Telerobotics Program Plan - Chapter 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The purpose of the Lunar Telescope Deployment task is to develop and demonstrate telerobotic technologies that enable an unmanned lunar observatory that is constructed and operated from Earth.
		The purpose of the Lunar Rover Demonstration task is to develop and demonstrate a convincing, comprehensive mobile robot mission capability required for a Lunar Rover Flight Mission.
		Lunar conditions will be simulated in environmental chambers subject to their cost and to their availability at centers such as Lewis.
	ranier.oact.hq.nasa.gov /telerobotics_page/FY96Plan/Chap2e.html (2414 words)

	Human Space Exploration
		Of these five candidates, the Lunar Rover Race was selected for detailed study based upon the criteria of increasing public awareness, the potential economic return, and the demonstration of new technologies.
		The principal objective of the Lunar Rover Race is to meet the strategy objective of stimulating support for space exploration.
		After the race, any functional rovers may be piloted for a short duration by members of the public selected via a contest.
	galileo.spaceports.com /~helmut/exploration99/summary/lunar_rover_race.html (497 words)

	Apollo Lunar Module
		The rover was transported inside the lunar modules during the last 3 Apollo missions.
		Among the things the rover's designers had to consider were the rocky surface of the Moon, getting the lunar rover to the Moon and providing it with power to keep it running while on the Moon.
		A diagram of the descent stage of the lunar module indicates where the rover was stored during the trip to the Moon.
	sln.fi.edu /pieces/schutte/futureLM.html (476 words)

	LunaCorp Moon Rover
		Japanese motor giant Mitsubishi Corp. has put LunaCorp's privately funded "Lunar Rover Expedition" on the road to reality by issuing a contract for LunaCorp's plan to mount a commercial mission to the moon in 1999.
		Once their wheels settle into the lunar dust, the rover duo will begin their two year journey at the historic Apollo 11 site.
		After touring Tranquility Base the rovers will set off on a 1,000 km trek north to visit the wreck of the Ranger 8 probe and a Surveyor spacecraft.
	www.mufor.org /lunarov.html (539 words)

	LEDA - A First Step in ESA's Lunar Exploration Initiative
		The first phase of this programme of lunar exploration would make a survey of unexplored regions on the lunar surface and an inventory of lunar resources by means of remote sensing and by in-situ measurement.
		Ideally, this initial orbit is a Lunar Transfer Orbit (LTO) with its apogee in the vicinity of, or beyond the Moon.
		Rover orientation and localisation can be performed by a ground operator by switching between various viewpoints in a virtual environment, and by adding widgets (e.g.
	esapub.esrin.esa.it /bulletin/bullet82/novara82.htm (4016 words)

	Clavius: Photo Analysis - drag and drop rover
		The dark areas around the rover indicate where Cernan and Schmitt have walked, preparing the rover for the stay and assembling the equipment they would use to gather specimens.
		In lunar gravity the rover is not especially heavy.
		And since the rover's turn radius, like that of any four-wheeled vehicle, is limited, the astronauts sometimes found it easier to lift one end of the rover and turn it so it pointed in the direction they wanted to go, rather than maneuvering through a three-point turn.
	www.clavius.org /rover2.html (489 words)

	Lunar base
		However, with the cancellation of the Soviet lunar landing program in 1974, the module had to be dismantled and further studies of the permanent lunar settlement at KBOM ceased.
		The deployment of the lunar base planned for the 1980s, would be preceded by detailed mapping of the Moon conducted by an unmanned lunar spacecraft developed at NPO Lavochkin.
		Undeterred Glushko tried to adapt his lunar plans to the development of the Energia rocket, which had the primary goal of launching the Buran reusable orbiter, the Soviet equivalent of the US Space Shuttle.
	www.russianspaceweb.com /lunar_base.html (2568 words)

	Apollo 15 Summary
		The Boeing Lunar Rover was a far cry from the ten-ton, closed-cabin, seven-passenger tractor/trailer of the Collier's articles, but it was a nifty little machine nonetheless.
		However, everyone was interested in putting the Rover navigation system to the ultimate test and, as Scott pulled away from the St. George station, he planned to drive as straight a line back to the LM as the craters and other obstacles would let him.
		The Rover was perched so precariously that the left-rear wheel was a good six inches off the ground and Scott decided that it wouldn't be prudent to leave the vehicle, just in case it decided to roll downhill on its own.
	www.solarviews.com /eng/apo15.htm (16592 words)

	Artemis Project: Adapting the CMU Roving Robot as a Regolith Mover
		This possible adaptation is based upon the addition of a tool-carrying framework, referred to as the "scoop assembly," to the basic LunaCorp lunar rover configuration.
		Since the basic Lunar Rover has been optimized for a mission requiring no moving or hauling of any mass other than its own, there are several questions that need to be addressed concerning power production and sharing, weights and balances, and mechanical loads on the Rover frame and wheel assemblies.
		Since the LunaCorp Rover is optimized for a non-material-handling mission, its adaptation to that role may prove to be too much, in terms of loss of efficiency, to enable it as a viable option.
	www.asi.org /adb/04/02/05/04/01/adapt-cmu-rover.html (1026 words)

	LRD Navigation Group: Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Carnegie Mellon researchers are creating the prototype for a new lunar rover that can navigate rugged terrain autonomously and under supervisory control over thousands of kilometers of terrain.
		A better mode of operation is supervised teleoperation, or even autonomous operation, in which the rover itself is responsible for making many of the decisions necessary to maintain progress and safety.
		Lunar Rover Initiative (LRI), whose goal is to launch and land a lunar mission within the decade.
	www.cs.cmu.edu /afs/cs/project/lri-3/www/lrd/nav-home.html (274 words)

	[No title]
		A way around this problem is to design the rover data receiver for a different frequency, resulting in a full-duplex system.
		Since the solar array is not able to handle the power requirements of the rover, the batteries will be used to provide power directly to the rover systems.
		The power density of the sunlight present at the lunar surface is approximately 1300 W / m2.
	www.ae.utexas.edu /design/tsgc/public_html/rover/rover.word (2736 words)

	Robotics Institute: LRD
		Lunar Rover Navigation - Carnegie Mellon researchers are creating the prototype for a new lunar rover that can navigate rugged terrain autonomously and under supervisory control over thousands of kilometers of terrain.
		As part of this Lunar Rover Initiative, the LRD Navigation Group is developing the navigation system of the rover.
		Robotic All Terrain Lunar Exploration Rover - Ratler is a battery-powered, four-wheeled, skid-steered vehicle used as a testbed to develop the remote driving techniques needed for a lunar mission.
	www.ri.cmu.edu /projects/project_83.html (250 words)

	Thursday's Classroom -- lesson plans and educational activities from NASA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The three lunar rovers that visited the Moon are still there, near the landing sites of Apollo 15, 16 and 17.
		During the Apollo era of lunar exploration in the late 1960's astronauts discovered that hiking around the Moon was more tiring and disorienting than they expected.
		Three of NASA's lunar rovers are still on the Moon, waiting patiently for the day that humans return for another wild ride.
	www.thursdaysclassroom.com /index_04may00.html (850 words)

	Human Space Exploration
		This very successful rover was not designed to reach higher speeds because it was not required for the scientific and technology demonstration objectives of the mission.
		The speed of the rover on a rough course on the Moon will have to be reduced six fold to have it behave in the same manner as it would on a similar test course on the Earth.
		During lunar noon, the power input from the sun is very high and the rovers may need to have a thermal control system to keep excessively high temperatures from damaging the system.
	galileo.spaceports.com /~helmut/exploration99/precursor/4_5_2_technological_challenges.html (1390 words)

	Folding a Lincoln into a Volkswagen
		The moon rover had to be large enough to drive over big rocks and in and out of craters, but small enough to be tucked into the astronauts' spaceship.
		The original lunar rovers may be hundreds of thousands of miles away, but the spirit of the moon buggy was alive and well this weekend right here on Earth.
		The lunar rover performed beautifully on the whole, allowing the astronauts to venture further from the landing sites and broadcasting panoramic shots of mountains, boulders and craters back to televisions on Earth.
	science.nasa.gov /headlines/y2000/ast10apr_1m.htm (1394 words)

	Apollo 15 Surface Operations Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		During these EVAs, they performed lunar rover traverses totaling nearly 28 kilometers, collected samples at 12 locations, deployed 10 experiments, and photographed the lunar surface.
		Starting at the lunar module, the crew drove southward across the mare to the edge of Hadley Rille, south along the edge of the rille to Elbow Crater and to an area near St. George Crater.
		This EVA included a 5.1-kilometer traverse west to Scarp Crater and northwest along the edge of the Hadley Rille, and east across the mare to the lunar module.
	www.lpi.usra.edu /expmoon/Apollo15/A15_surfops.html (411 words)

	Lunar Rover Comparison
		Designed to loosely mimic the Lunar Rovers used by the Apollo Astronauts, this vehicle was given the Action Man treatment, including detailed piping on most surfaces.
		This is Action Man wearing the space suit that came with this Rover.
		One a lunar exploration vehicle, and the other a more mission-based vehicle.
	sean.adventureteam.com /pages/lunarrover/lunarrover.htm (442 words)

	APOD: 2001 June 9 - Apollo 17's Lunar Rover (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		lunar rover was just over 10 feet long, 6 feet wide and easily carried astronauts, equipment, and rock samples
		picture, Cernan stands at the back of the rover which carried the two astronauts in lawn-chair style seats.
		Powered by four 1/4 horsepower electric motors, one for each wheel, this rover was driven a total of about 18 miles across the lunar surface.
	antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov /apod/ap010609.html (178 words)

	Lunar Oxygen Verification Experiment: Lunar Rover (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		A lunar rover is needed to collect lunar soil samples and return them to the processing station.
		The rover will be assisted by remote control, and will also perform other scientific tasks.
		This paper will discuss the design of a lunar rover that will be able to complete this task.
	www.tsgc.utexas.edu /archive/design/lunar_rover (93 words)

	Lunar Rocket & Rover Co., Inc. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Also in development is electric powered terrestrial, lunar and martian exploration rover modules for military and NASA missions to Mars, and the Moon.
		Lunar Rocket & Rover company specializes in the development small sounding rocket technology as well as larger satellite payload launch services.
		Lunar Rocket & Rover co., Inc. is a recognized leader in offering inexpensive educational and commercial access to space by National Aeronautic and Space Authority (NASA), Florida SpaceAuthority (FSA), the United States Air Force (USAF), the Department of Defense (DoD), and the University Space Research Association (USRA).
	www.lunar-rocket.com (144 words)

	Clavius: Photo Analysis - lunar rover
		Following up with the Lunar and Planetary Institute (LPI) in Houston, they discovered that one of the prints in their collection was the source of the mark.
		A secondary mark that appears to be a shadow is clearly visible under the top portion of the mark.
		The level of detail abruptly changes just beyond the rover.
	www.clavius.org /rover1.html (453 words)

	collectSPACE - resources - "Code 3 Collectibles' Apollo Astronaut, Lunar Module, and Lunar Rover
		The base, with its lunar rocks and pebbles, also includes lunar boot prints (though curiously, the indentations where the astronaut actually stands are sans treads).
		The Lunar Rover is by far the most complex of the three models.
		Accompanying the Lunar Rover is an astronaut in the seated position.
	www.collectspace.com /resources/models_code3review.html (1731 words)

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