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Topic: Lung edema

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		The gross appearance of the lungs in acute pulmonary edema is that of an over-saturated sponge with frothy hemorrhagic fluid pouring from cut sections.
		Lung infarction occurs when the quality of the bronchial arterial blood is less than optimal-like in patients with severe anemia or lung and heart diseases that cause hypoxia.
		Lung infarcts tend to be wedge shaped with one angle of the wedge pointing toward the heart.
	www.uvm.edu /~jkessler/Pulmonar/PUEL/PUedemae.htm (696 words)

	Pulmonary edema
		Your lungs are two spongy, elastic organs inside your rib cage that stretch and contract as you breathe.
		In that case, the condition is known as noncardiac pulmonary edema because the heart isn't the cause of the problem.
		Because pulmonary edema requires prompt treatment, you'll initially be diagnosed on the basis of your symptoms and a physical exam.
	www.cnn.com /HEALTH/library/DS/00412.html (3662 words)

	eMedicine - Pulmonary Edema, Noncardiogenic : Article by Ali Nawaz Khan, MBBS, FRCP, FRCR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Pulmonary edema in drowning is due to injury of the alveolar septa increased permeability of the pulmonary vascular endothelium, pulmonary microvascular platelet aggregation, and finally intra-alveolar edema.
		The early signs of pulmonary edema (interstitial edema) are the septal lines (Kerley B lines), or horizontal lines seen laterally in the lower zones that are typically 1 mm thick, 10 mm long and arise from the pleural surface; unlike blood vessels, these reach the edge of the lung.
		As the edema progress, alveolar edema is observed in a butterfly pattern characterized by the central predominance of shadows with a clear zone at periphery lobes.
	www.emedicine.com /radio/topic581.htm (5735 words)

	Future Research Directions in Acute Lung Injury: NHLBI Workshop Summary
		Acute lung injury (ALI) and the acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) are syndromes with a spectrum of increasing severity of lung injury defined by physiologic and radiographic criteria in which widespread damage to cells and structures of the alveolar capillary membrane occurs within hours to days of a predisposing insult.
		Furthermore, diffuse injury and infection of the lung are major causes of systemic sepsis and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome and dysregulation of cellular responses in the lung may result in circulating cytokines and other inflammatory and thrombotic mediators, as demonstrated in clinical studies and animal models (16-18).
		Lung-and tissue-specific conditional knockouts, overexpression of candidate genes, and other genetic models should be of value in dissecting the host response to pathological conditions that model human lung injury.
	www.nhlbi.nih.gov /meetings/workshops/ali.htm (8284 words)

	Lung edema clearance: 20 years of progress -- Sieck 93 (4): 1183 -- Journal of Applied Physiology
		In December, a mini-review entitled "Role of aquaporin water channels in fluid transport in lung and airways" by Drs.
		Intact epithelial barrier function is critical for the resolution of alveolar edema in humans.
		Alveolar fluid clearance is impaired in the majority of patients with acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome.
	jap.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/93/4/1183 (1182 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Pulmonary edema
		Pulmonary edema is usually caused by heart failure that results in increased pressure in the pulmonary (lung) veins.
		Pulmonary edema can be a complication of a heart attack, leaking or narrowed heart valves (mitral or aortic valves), or any disease of the heart that either results in weakening and/or stiffening of the heart muscle (cardiomyopathy).
		Pulmonary edema can also be caused by direct lung injury from toxins including heat and poisonous gas, severe infection, or an excess of body fluid as seen in kidney failure.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/000140.htm (584 words)

	Alveolar Epithelium: Role in Lung Fluid Balance and Acute Lung Injury -- Matthay et al. 2 (3): 206 -- Proceedings of ...
		of fetal lung fluid from the airspaces of the lung (5, 36–38).
		Fas and fas ligand are up-regulated in pulmonary edema fluid and lung tissue of patients with acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome.
		Differential responses of the endothelial and epithelial barriers of the lung in sheep to Escherichia coli endotoxin.
	pats.atsjournals.org /cgi/content/full/2/3/206 (5767 words)

	Pulmonary lymphatics and edema accumulation after brief lung injury -- Schraufnagel et al. 284 (5): 891 -- AJP - Lung ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Distribution of edema was assessed by light microscopy in 15 animals (five in each group).
		Interlobular septal widening from edema was identified by scanning the entire slide using a ×4 magnification objective.
		This index was a summation of the length of all widened interlobular septa in the lung slice.
	ajplung.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/284/5/L891 (3591 words)

	Lung Edema Clearance: 20 Years of Progress: Selected Contribution: Lung hypoxia: antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects ...
		in lung biomechanics and 2) acute lung edema (26, 33).
		Lung tissue for morphological studies was fixed in 10% neutral formalin and embedded into celloidin-paraffin wax.
		Lung tissue samples were taken after 120 min of breathing room air or hypoxic gas mixture.
	jap.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/93/4/1550 (5033 words)

	Clinical and Radiologic Features of Pulmonary Edema -- Gluecker et al. 19 (6): 1507 -- RadioGraphics
		On a chest radiograph, the pulmonary edema infiltrates predominate at the lung bases because pulmonary blood flow is diverted to these regions by the upper lobe bullae.
		The cortical lung is remarkably free of interstitial edema, a finding that may suggest either direct alveolar damage from the inhaled water or edema following laryngospasm rather than secondary damage from the associated hypoxia.
		edema manifests unilaterally in the reexpanded lung, its radiologic
	radiographics.rsnajnls.org /cgi/content/full/19/6/1507 (7531 words)

	Reperfusion Edema after Lung Transplantation: Effect of Daclizumab -- Marom et al. 221 (2): 508 -- Radiology
		Ablett MJ, Grainger AJ, Keir MJ, Mitchell L. The correlation of the radiologic extent of lung transplantation edema with pulmonary oxygenation.
		Efficacy of interleukin-2 receptor antagonists for induction in lung transplantation.
		Pulmonary edema as a complication of interleukin-2 therapy.
	radiology.rsnajnls.org /cgi/content/full/221/2/508 (4189 words)

	Conhaim, et al., Lung Edema Fluid Alters The Distribution Of Pulmonary Microvascular Perfusion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		However, effects of edema on alveolar capillary perfusion are unknown.
		Lungs were removed and air-dried, then confocal microscopy was used to prepare digital maps of particles in edematous and non-edematous lung areas (5 maps in each area per lung).
		However, edema caused perfusion distribution to become slightly more dispersed among larger lung volumes.
	www.aast.org /01abstracts/01absPoster_151.html (352 words)

	Alveolar Fluid Clearance in Patients With ARDS: Does It Make a Difference? -- Matthay 122 (6 Supplement): 340 -- Chest
		of alveolar edema in rats with hyperoxic lung injuries.
		edema in the presence of clinical lung injury.
		Ware, LB, Matthay, MA Alveolar fluid clearance is impaired in the majority of patients with acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome.
	www.chestjournal.org /cgi/content/full/122/6_suppl/340S (2621 words)

	Interstitial Pressure and Proteoglycan Degradation in Hydraulic- and Elastase-Induced Lung Edema -- Miserocchi et al. ...
		Interstitial Pressure and Proteoglycan Degradation in Hydraulic- and Elastase-Induced Lung Edema -- Miserocchi et al.
		pulmonary edema is associated with an increase of endogenous
		Passi, A, Negrini, D, Albertini, R, et al (1998) Involvement of lung interstitial proteoglycans in development of hydraulic- and elastase-induced edema.
	www.chestjournal.org /cgi/content/full/116/suppl_1/31S (355 words)

	Platelet-activating factor potentiates protamine-induced lung edema. Role of eicosanoids -- Chen et al. 149 (1): 34 -- ...
		As PAF is known to stimulate lung eicosanoid
		leukotriene synthesis, arterial and venous constrictions, and lung edema.
		PAF-induced synthesis of tetraenoic and pentaenoic leukotrienes in the isolated rabbit lung
	ajrccm.atsjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/149/1/34 (263 words)

	NEJM -- Salmeterol for the Prevention of High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema
		Cepkova, M., Matthay, M. Pharmacotherapy of Acute Lung Injury and the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.
		Sartori, C., Matthay, M.A. Alveolar epithelial fluid transport in acute lung injury: new insights.
		Ware, L. B., Fang, X., Wang, Y., Sakuma, T., Hall, T. S., Matthay, M. Lung Edema Clearance: 20 Years of Progress: Selected Contribution: Mechanisms that may stimulate the resolution of alveolar edema in the transplanted human lung.
	content.nejm.org /cgi/content/short/346/21/1631 (1289 words)

	AllRefer Health - Pulmonary Edema (Lung Water, Lung/Pulmonary Congestion)
		AllRefer Health - Pulmonary Edema (Lung Water, Lung/Pulmonary Congestion)
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	health.allrefer.com /health/pulmonary-edema-info.html (374 words)

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