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Topic: Lunisolar

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	Lunisolar calendar
		A lunisolar calendar is a calendar whose date indicates both the moon phase and the season.
		The Hebrew calendar and the Chinese calendar are lunisolar.
		The Islamic calendar isn't lunisolar because its date doesn't indicate the season and the Gregorian Calendar isn't lunisolar because its date doesn't indicate the moon phase.
	www.wordlookup.net /lu/lunisolar-calendar.html (250 words)

	Lunisolar calendar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		If the solar year is defined as a tropical year then a lunisolar calendar will give an indication of the season; if it is taken as a sidereal year then the calendar will predict the constellation near which the full moon may occur.
		The Hebrew, Hindu lunisolar, Buddhist, Tibetan calendars, and Chinese calendar used alone until 1912 (and then used along with the Gregorian Calendar) are all lunisolar, as was the Japanese calendar until 1873, the pre-Islamic calendar, the first century Gaulish Coligny calendar and the second millennium BC Babylonian calendar.
		There is also a lunisolar calendar reform proposal called the Hermetic Lunar Week Calendar which normally consists of 12 lunar months and a leap month every 3, while others compare the ecliptic longitude of the sun and the phase of the moon.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lunisolar_calendar (807 words)

	ENQUIRERWORLD.COM: Calendars
		A lunisolar calendar is a calendar whose date indicates both the moon phase and the time of the solar year.
		A lunisolar calendar is synchronized both to the motion of the Moon and to the apparent motion of the Sun; an example is the Jewish calendar.
		A lunisolar calendar is a lunar calendar that compensates by adding an extra month as needed to realign the months with the seasons.
	www.enquirerworld.com /calendars.html (1413 words)

	CalendarHome.com - Hindu calendar - Calendar Encyclopedia
		Correspondence of the lunisolar calendar to the solar calendar
		A lunisolar calendar is always a calendar based on the moon's celestial motion, which in a way keeps itself close to a solar calendar based on the sun's (apparent) celestial motion.
		That is, the lunisolar calendar's new year is to kept always close (within certain limits) to a solar calendar's new year.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /Hindu_calendar.htm (3978 words)

	History & info - Indian calendars
		As a result of a calendar reform in 1957 C.E., the National Calendar of India is a formalized lunisolar calendar in which leap years coincide with those of the Gregorian calendar (Calendar Reform Committee, 1957).
		Religious holidays are determined by a lunisolar calendar that is based on calculations of the actual postions of the Sun and Moon.
		Early allusions to a lunisolar calendar with intercalated months are found in the hymns from the Rig Veda, dating from the second millennium B.C.E. Literature from 1300 B.C.E. to C.E. 300, provides information of a more specific nature.
	webexhibits.org /calendars/calendar-indian.html (1211 words)

	MARKET TIMING BY THE MOON & THE SUN
		Lunisolar precession is caused by the tidal pull of the Moon and Sun on the Earth’s equatorial bulge.
		The lunisolar effect is most evident for the biggest annual one day falls, especially for lunar phase.
		However, this is very weak compared with lunisolar precession and therefore it is a question whether such weak forces are detectable in financial patterns.
	www.davidmcminn.com /pages/summ2.htm (1507 words)

	Understanding Precession of the Equinox
		Under lunisolar precession theory it is thought that the Sun and Moon’s gravitational influence acting upon the Earth’s bulge causes the Earth’s axial gyration that in turn results in the Earth’s changing orientation to inertial space, observed as Precession of the Equinox.
		Visually, the new model is one of a rotating object (the Earth) in an almost circular orbit around a second object (the Sun), which in turn is an elliptical orbit around a third object (the binary center of mass of the Sun and a companion star).
		Lunisolar wobble required the pole to move by about one degree every 71.5 years based on the current precession rate, hence the pole should have moved about 6 degrees since the Gregorian Calendar change (420 years ago), thereby causing the equinox to drift about 5.9 days.
	www.angelfire.com /wizard/regulus_antares/understanding_precession_of_the_.htm (4029 words)

	The Sirius Research Group
		The advocates of the lunisolar model claim that the tropical year is less than a 360° orbit period.
		The assertion is made that the length of earth's 360° orbit period (the sidereal year for 1900.0) depends upon the adopted value of the precession*.
		The theory of lunisolar precession is therefore, the biggest misconception in the history of science.
	siriusresearchgroup.com /archives/20min.shtml (827 words)

	Metonic Cycle
		Lunisolar calendars have twelve lunar cycles in their common years.
		Knowledge of this cycle is important in determining when to assign intercalary months to lunisolar calendars.
		There is some question as to whether Meton discovered it on his own or whether he learned of it from Babylonian sources, because it was discovered there about fifty years before Meton's time.
	www.12x30.net /metonic.html (419 words)

	New Frontiers in Science
		A recent study of the phenomenon known as “Precession of the Equinox” has led researchers to question the extent of lunisolar causation and to propose an alternative solar system model that better fits observed data, and solves a number of current solar system anomalies.
		Indeed the idea of a single sun with lunisolar wobble causing precession was originally developed at a time when the Sun had only recently replaced the Earth as the center of the solar system and the Sun was thought to be fixed in space.
		Equinoctial Slippage: Lunisolar precession theory would cause the seasons to shift were it not for a concurrent slippage of the equinoctial point around the Earth's orbit path (ecliptic).
	www.newfrontiersinscience.com /ArchiveIndex/v02n01/index.shtml (447 words)

	Introduction to Calendars
		On a lunisolar calendar, simply knowing the daywas the 15th of the month tells you that it was within a day of the full moon.
		What is implied in a lunisolar calendar is that it is more important to know where the moon is thanto have every season begin on exactly the same solar day every year.
		It turnsout that seven days is the best length for a day count for a lunisolar calendar, because 7approximately divides into the length of the month (28 is near 29.53) and also the year (52 weeks= 364 days is close to 365.24).
	www.johnpratt.com /items/calendar/cal_intro.html (1274 words)

	Microbarograph for investigation of athmospheric pressure variations influenced by lunisolar effects
		The air pressure variations due to lunisolar effects cause the deformation of the Earth and therefore directly and indirectly influence several geodynamical phenomena.
		For a better understanding of these effects a microbarograph of high sensitivity was developed in the Geodetic and Geophysical Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in 1991.
		The difficulty of such investigation lies in the fact that the magnitude of the air pressure variations is much higher than the one caused by lunisolar effects.
	www.astro.oma.be /ICET/bim/text/mentes.htm (1703 words)

	Jewish Calendar - Hebrew Calendar
		The Hebrew calendar is lunisolar, meaning that it tries to use both a solar calendar in years and lunar calendar in months.
		This means that a lunisolar calendar attempts to keep the months closely aligned with lunar cycle - or cycle of the moon around the Earth - and at the same time keep the year closely aligned with the seasonal cycles.
		However, the total number of days in 12 lunar months are about 11 days shorter than one tropical year, so a leap or intercalary month is added about every 3rd year to keep the calendar aligned with the seasons, so that the seasons do not 'drift' backwards in the calendar.
	www.angelfire.com /pa2/passover/jewish-calendar-hebrew.html (6568 words)

	LASCAUX - an amazing lunisolar calendar - Magdalenian
		The large cow places her hind hoofs on the second and third grid; the left hoof on the right grid: periods h (ocher) and i (brown); and the right hoof on the left grid: period g (brown), thus marking the solar calendar of the horse with a bovine influence.
		Seen in the light of the lunisolar calendar of Lascaux, ac may mean an expanse of green land with a hill and water, where wild horses and bovines are grazing and drinking.
		The nine fields of the lunisolar calendar would be nine heavenly ac for the solar horse and lunar bull.
	www.seshat.ch /home/lascaux.htm (9814 words)

	The DICT Development Group: Online Dictionary Query- Lunisolar
		[1913 Webster] Lunisolar precession (Astron.), that portion of the annual precession of the equinoxes which depends on the joint action of the sun and moon.
		Lunisolar year, a period of time, at the end of which, in the Julian calendar, the new and full moons and the eclipses recur on the same days of the week and month and year as in the previous period.
		It consists of 532 common years, being the least common multiple of the numbers of years in the cycle of the sun and the cycle of the moon.
	dict.tu-graz.ac.at /cgi-bin/Dict?Form=Dict2&Database=*&Query=Lunisolar (170 words)

	EVOLUTION OF CALENDARS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Some civilizations invented a lunisolar calendar which basically had lunar months based on new crescent moons but were adding days or a month to be decided by priests/rabiis wherever and whenever they felt to satisfy social and religious needs to keep their calendar in phase with seasons.
		In the Hindu lunisolar system months follow the lunar cycle and are synchronized with the solar year by introducing occasional leap months.
		The year 46 B.C. is regarded as the "year of confusion" by modern authors, because in that year two intercalations were done; one to correct for spring equinox and the other to change lunisolar calendar to purely solar calendar resulting in the length of that year to 445 days.
	moonsighting.com /evolution.html (1887 words)

	Calendar Structures
		As the name suggests, calendars that model apparent motions of both the moon and sun are termed "lunisolar."
		This is the case for most modern lunar and lunisolar calendars.
		That's why extra months are usually added to lunisolar calendars on a scheduled basis.
	www.12x30.net /struct.html (286 words)

	Six Major Calendars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Her Majesty's Nautical Almanac Office computes the time of New Moon and provides information sheets that give the date of earliest visibility of the new crescent Moon for each lunar month for a selection of cities in the UK and around the world.
		is a formalized lunisolar calendar in which leap years coincide with those of the Gregorian calendar.
		is a lunisolar calendar based on calculations of the positions of the Sun and Moon.
	aa.usno.navy.mil /faq/docs/calendars.html (1184 words)

	Lunisolar Calendar - Chinese Culture
		The Chinese calendar is based on the lunisolar calendar, which takes into account both the phases of the moon and the season.
		The first month occurs when the sun's longitude is at 330 degrees, approximately two full moon cycles after the Winter Solstice, which occurs in the later part of December.
		Since a full year is 365.24 days, every few years there is an extra month in the lunisolar calendar and thus the year is known as a Leap Year.
	www.bellaonline.com /articles/art28559.asp (433 words)

	The Sirius Research Group
		This paper examines the anomalous time discrepancy of about 1223 seconds, which supposedly occurs every tropical year due to lunisolar precession yet disappears in our reckoning of time.
		Apparently, the scientific community does not understand lunisolar precession in theory or practice.
		The reason why it seems so difficult to understand the lunisolar precession model with its 20 minutes longer sidereal year might be the mixing-up of angular time measure and rotation time.
	siriusresearchgroup.com /articles/MeasurementOfTime/time.shtml (671 words)

	Binary Research Institute (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.netlab.uky.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The “Lunisolar” explanation is widely accepted while the “Binary” or “Oriental” explanation, although quite old, is hardly known.
		It concludes that the lunisolar model has serious flaws that need to be reexamined whereas the binary model also needs more research but better fits observation, uniformly explains known solar system anomalies and does not contradict any solar or lunar rotation equations.
		Indeed, the standard “single sun with lunisolar wobble causing precession”, was originally developed at a time when the Sun had only recently replaced the Earth as the center of the solar system and the Sun was thought to be fixed in space.
	www.binaryresearchinstitute.org.cob-web.org:8888 /papers/research.shtml (674 words)

	CALENDAR DEPOT PRESENTS CALENDAR TRIVIA
		Calendars with these adjustments is a lunisolar calendar (used by ancient Babylonians).
		The ancient Egyptians were the first to replace the lunar calendar with a calendar based on the solar year.
		The lunisolar Jewish calendar is taken from the ancient Hebrew calendar.
	www.calendardepot.com /trivia.htm (1446 words)

	Islamic Voice - Rajab 1422
		The Romans and Christians started with a purely solar calendar from 45 B.C., while the other major communities, the Hindus, the Jews and the Chinese continued with the seasonal lunisolar calendar.
		Around this time all the three calendars i.e., the lunar, the lunisolar and the solar calendars were existing and were followed in different communities.
		The Christians have been following the solar calendar, either Julian or Gregorian, but all their festival dates-Good Friday, Easter, Ash Wednesday etc. are calculated as per the lunisolar calendar except the Christmas day.
	www.islamicvoice.com /october.2001/science.htm (713 words)

	Types of Calendar
		An example of a lunisolar calendar is the Liberalia Triday Calendar (which is unusual in that it has both a solar calendrical component and a lunar calendrical component, the solar component being more accurate than the lunar).
		These are primarily lunar calendars, but have years (composed of months) which accord with the seasonal cycles in the weaker sense that, over any given period, a count of calendar years will be the same as or very close to a count of seasonal years.
		The years of such a calendar do not always begin at or near a fixed point in the seasonal cycle (if they did then the calendar would be lunisolar or solilunar).
	www.hermetic.ch /cal_stud/lunarcal/types.htm (770 words)

	precession concept from the Astronomy knowledge base (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In the case of the Earth, the component of precession caused by the Sun and Moon acting on the Earth's equatorial bulge is called lunisolar precession; the component caused by the action of the planets is called planetary precession.
		The sum of lunisolar and planetary precession is called general precession.
		general precession (3 facts) - The sum of the lunisolar and the planetary precession.
	www.site.uottawa.ca:4321 /astronomy/precession.html (437 words)

	general precession Comparison Table (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The uniformly progressing motion of the pole of rotation of a freely rotating body undergoing torque from external gravitational forces.
		The sum of the lunisolar and the planetary precession.
		It causes the ecliptic longitude to increase at a constant rate but has no effect on ecliptic latitude.
	www.site.uottawa.ca:4321 /astronomy/generalprecession_table.html (134 words)

	Ø Wilson's Almanac free daily ezine \| A note about dates in Wilson's Almanac \| Calendar Aztec moveable feast, ...
		Other calendar customs might be dated by the behaviour of animals, birds, insects and so on, as practised in some aboriginal and other cultures.
		A lunisolar calendar is synchronized to the motions of both the Moon and the Sun; an example is the
		A planetary calendar is a fixed period based on the number of visible moving objects in the sky; an example of this is the
	www.wilsonsalmanac.com /moveable.html (1217 words)

	Chinese calendars
		Before it officially adopted the Gregorian calendar in 1912, China had two calendars, one lunisolar and one solar.
		The civil calendar, used in official records since at least the 10th century bce, was lunisolar, and consisted of 12 months each of 29 or 30 days.
		To make up the difference between 12 lunations (of about 29½ days each) and the (about) 365¼ day solar year, an extra month (runyue) was added 22 times in every 60-year cycle (the 60 year cycle is explained below).
	www.sizes.com /time/cal_chinese.htm (481 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2005.10.04
		Essentially the Macedonian lunisolar calendar was drawn at some point, variously debated by scholars, into the more sophisticated Babylonian lunar calendar, but the assimilation between the Macedonian calendar and the Egyptian calendar, involving a shift to an almost solar calendar, resulted in the end of the Macedonian lunisolar calendar in Egypt (95-6).
		Hannah notes that the Roman calendar was probably always twelve months long and lunisolar from the start (99), and he discusses, in turn, the significant Roman figures who played a role in the creation and evolution of the Roman calendar: Romulus, Numa, Julius Caesar, and Augustus.
		The origin of the calendar is ascribed to Romulus and Numa, two legendary figures from the eighth-seventh centuries B.C. Numa made the calendar lunar (as is evidenced perhaps by the tripartite division of the months into Kalends, Nones, and Ides, which seem to represent notional lunar phases).
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/2005/2005-10-04.html (1383 words)

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