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Topic: Lusitanian language

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	Lusitanians - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Lusitanians (or Lusitani in Latin) were a tribe, or various tribes, from the western Iberian peninsula, which became the Roman province of Lusitania).
		The investigator Lambrino proposed that the Lusitanians were a tribal group of Celt origin related to the Lusones that inhabited the east of Iberia.
		The first area colonized by the Lusitanians was probably the Douro valley and the region of Beira Alta; in Beira they stayed until they defeated the Celts and other tribes, then they expanded to cover a territory that reached Estremadura before the arrival of the Romans.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lusitanian (1405 words)

	Portuguese language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The language was spread worldwide in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries as Portugal created the first and the longest lived modern-world colonial and commercial empire (1415–1975), spanning from Brazil in the Americas to Macau in China.
		The Barbarians (mainly Suevi and Visigoths) largely absorbed the Roman culture and language of the peninsula; however, since the Roman schools and administration were closed and Europe entered the Dark Ages, the Latin Vulgar language was left free to evolve on its own and the uniformity of the Peninsula was soon disrupted.
		From 711, with the Moorish invasion of the Peninsula, Arabic was adopted as the administrative language in the conquered regions.
	www.gogoglo.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/p/po/portuguese_language.html (2960 words)

	lusitanian - Article and Reference from OnPedia.com
		The Lusitanians are seen as the ancestors of the Portuguese, that lived in the western area of the Iberian Peninsula.
		Later, the name Lusitanian was adopted by ancient Galicians (from the highlands north of Douro River) and other tribes, because of this people notability fighting the Roman rule but also because they were all culturally and ethnically very similar.
		The Lusitanians worshiped various gods, Endovelicus being the most important and his cult spreaded to the Iberian Peninsula and behond, to the rest of the Roman Empire.
	www.onpedia.com /encyclopedia/Lusitanian (153 words)

	Zog Ibbor - Uncyclopedia
		In Lusitanian, Zog Ibbor literally means "Many Carcasses of Beached Dolphins." Since the connotation of these words are only poignant in Lusitanian, much of the emphasis on the stench of the aforementioned dolphin carcasses is lost in translation.
		Zog Ibbor is an ancient city, rumored to have been built sometime in the misty past when U-Gar, the first Lusitanian, decided to settle with his family on the shores of Vrnalb Kyyet, a Lusitanian province known for highly active sulfur volcanoes, suicidal dolphins, and vast fields of asparagus.
		Due to their cultural background, Zog Ibbor officially recognizes a local language known as Kura-kura-kura-el-do that differs substantially from the indigenous Lusitanian and is forbidden to outsiders.
	uncyclopedia.org /wiki/Zog_Ibbor (1108 words)

	PRE-ROMAN LANGUAGES AND WRITING SYSTEMS OF SPAIN
		The languages of the pre-roman Iberian peninsula can be classified in two groups according to their external cultural relations: 1) the languages of the historically documented colonisations: Phoenician, Punic and Greek; and 2) the "native" languages.
		In all likelihood Tartessian is neither an Iberian language nor an Indo-European one.
		Attested from the IV century B.C. to the I A.C. Before the Second Punic War it is limited to the coastal zone from South France (from the river Orb: Béziers/ Narbonne) to the north of the province of Valencia, on the same latitude as Sagunto.
	www.webpersonal.net /jrr/ib1_en.htm (699 words)

	Eugenio R (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		the unidentified language of the south-western (or “Tartessian”) inscriptions;
		Lusitanian and Celtiberian inscriptions can at least be understood in their more general traits – both are Indo-European languages and can thus benefit from the long tradition of comparative linguistics when trying to understand how their grammars work and what their words mean.
		In this sense we are working on the development of a “decipherment” device for the south-western inscriptions, which we have conceived as an aid for researchers working on that corpus of inscriptions who may want to check if their proposed phonetic values for the various signs are coherent or not.
	www.komunikacija.org.yu /komunikacija/casopisi/ncd/6/d007/document (3511 words)

	The Paleolithic Indo-Europeans, 3
		The handful of surviving inscriptions in this language suggest that it had distant Celtic affinities, and yet it was not at all similar to the Celtiberian languages of central Spain, which had arrived from France as part of the recent Celtic expansion.
		The separation of these three language families may have become final as a result of their various migrations, but it must have begun some thousands of years earlier, when they were isolated from one another during the Last Glacial Maximum.
		The history of the Slavic languages is more complex, but it is generally believed that their original homeland was somewhere in the vicinity of the Pripet Marshes, which lie just west of the Dniepr along one of its major tributaries (pink).
	www.enter.net /~torve/trogholm/wonder/indoeuropean/indoeuropean3.html (2454 words)

	Spain's Split? - Page 12 - RedCafe.net
		The language of Galicia changed later, when the Middle Ages were reaching their end, under the domain of the Spanish kingdom, and so it has remained until today.
		The Lusitanian language WAS indeed used to reconstruct Vulgar latin as Lusitanian is a western European language.
		Language changes over time and is influenced my many a source, but Porko was at one time common to all Centrum languages, not just Celt.
	www.redcafe.net /showthread.php?p=660512 (3135 words)

	Romanika (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Brazilian separatist groups say that the same could and should be done for what is spoken in Brazil; that the national standard language should be leveled to what the educated classes use, shedding all those "book" rules that are never used outside of school or the language purists still remaining.
		Unlike the Spanish countries whose language academies meet every decade or so and not only agree on what should be correct or not, but respect it as well, Brazil and Portugal are nowhere close to this.
		The standard language omits this use as correct, reserving rather the forms as used in Portugal, even though there are some Brazilian grammarians who have incorporated it as part of the standard, since it is not stigmatised at all.
	romanika.blogspot.com /2004_04_16_romanika_archive.html (3052 words)

	Materials about the Iberians and Iberian Languages: an article by Cyril Babaev
		The Rhaetic language and the language in which the Lemnos stele was written are believed to be close to Etruscan (see Lemnos stele), and the single "Tyrrhenian group" of languages is sometimes formed to unify these three tongues.
		Strabo says Iberians spoke different languages, but as he again said their writing was also different we can suppose there were just dialectal differences - the fact is that writing has several varieties but they are all forms of one script.
		Ancient Sardinian language and languages of Sicelian tribes in Sicily are not studied deeply enough to judge for sure, but the ethnic features as ancient documents witness give us a chance of unifying them in one language group.
	indoeuro.bizland.com /archive/article8.html (2575 words)

	e-Keltoi: Volume 6, Religion and Religious Practices of the Ancient Celts of the Iberian Peninsula, by Francisco Marco ...
		The perpetuation of the Gaulish language (at least two and a half centuries after the Roman conquest, as the calendar from Coligny shows) and its use in popular magic texts (defixiones) (Marco Simón 2002b), are thus two comparable situations that are worth considering.
		Beles or -bels (beltz, "fl", in the Basque language) has been proposed as a second element: it is part of numerous anthroponyms of the Iberian area, such as Endobeles (Indibilis), and the theonym has been translated as "very fl" (in allusion to the infernal nature of the god).
		The Lusitanians are given to offering sacrifices and inspect the vitals without separating them from the body: they inspect the veins on the side of the victims and they divine the future by means of touching them.
	www.uwm.edu /Dept/celtic/ekeltoi/volumes/vol6/6_6/marco_simon_6_6.html (15759 words)

	History of the Portuguese language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Strabo, a 1st-century Greek geographer, comments in one book of his Geographia: "they have adopted the Roman customs, and they no longer remember their own language." The language was spread by arriving Roman soldiers, settlers and merchants, who raised Roman cities mostly near previous civilizations\' settlements.
		The language continued to be popular in parts of Asia until the 19th century, despite the severe measures taken by the Dutch to abolish it in Ceylon and Indonesia.
		Also, a considerable number of words of Portuguese origin are found in Tetum, the national language of East Timor, such as lee \'to read\' (from ler), aprende \'to learn\' (from aprender) and tenke \'to have to\' (from tem que).
	www.santaanacaus.com /info/History_of_Portuguese (1288 words)

	Portuguese Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Portuguese is a Romance language, as its origins date back to the 3rd century BC, when the Romans conquered Portugal and brought the Latin language to the region.
		With the fall of the Roman Empire, vulgar Latin evolved freely in what was called "Lusitanian Romance" and later, with the Arab domination of Portugal, the language was influenced by Arab, especially in vocabulary.
		There are many varieties of the language, so that people coming from different Portuguese small villages may not understand one another's speech.
	www.learn-foreign-languages.net /lflnet/portuguese.asp (355 words)

	Lusitania Encyclopedia Articles @ YYOC.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Roman province of Lusitania, 120 AD It was named after the Lusitani or Lusitanian people.
		The investigator Lambrino defended the position that the Lusitanians were a tribal group of Celtic origin related to the Lusones (a tribe that inhabited the east of Iberia).
		But some prefer to see the Lusitanians as a native Iberian tribe, resulting from intermarriage between different tribes.
	216.92.85.60 /encyclopedia/Lusitania (541 words)

	What is the difference?
		Mario was a member of the Portuguese Language Division of the American Translators Association, a well known translator and mentor of some of the division members'.
		Unlike many who perhaps were either brought up or learned the language in a Brazilian environment or with Brazilian teachers, as opposed to a continental-Portuguese environment or teachers, the writer first encountered this "problem" at a very early age, the son of Brazilian and Portuguese parents.
		The Lusitanian may not pronounce them but they do serve to maintain the a, e or o open where, otherwise, they would be pronounced as closed vowels.
	www.necco.ca /faq_what_is_the_difference.htm (1648 words)

	Lusitania (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Lusitanians Main article: Lusitanians The Lusitani, who were Indo-Europeans with may have come from an Alps, established themselves in an region in an 6th century BC, but historians with archeologists are still undecided about their origins.
		The investigator Lambrino defended an position that an Lusitanians were the tribal group of Celtic origin related to an Lusones (a tribe that inhabited an east of Iberia).
		Roman Conimbriga Under Diocletian, Lusitania kept its borders with is ruled by the praeses, later by the consularis; finally, it is united with an other provinces to form an Diocesis Hispaniarum ("Diocese of Hispania").
	www.megastuff.info /Lusitania.html (916 words)

	Aboriginal languages of Spain 1:1i
		Their language is generally thought to be Iberian, or a variety of Iberian.
		No relationship with other languages can be confidently assessed; among other proposals, links have been suggested with some of the Caucasian languages (whether with the Kartvelic or the Septentrional stock), with Hamitic (Numidian, Berber), with Iberian, etc. None of these proposals has been widely adopted.
		Their language came to an end around IV-V a.D. Lusitanian: Dating from Roman times (I a.D.), a few inscriptions have been found in the West (Spanish Extremadura and Portugal), written in another Indoeuropean language, Lusitanian.
	www.geocities.com /msanzledesma/ind_i1.htm (623 words)

	Andrew Downie, Brazil considers linguistic barricade
		Poland recently passed a law to enforce language purity by banning foreign words from everyday transactions unless Polish translations are provided alongside.
		Used as an official language in seven countries outside of Portugal, Portuguese boasts 24 vowel sounds, compared with five in English, and includes more than 350,000 words derived primarily from Latin, Arabic, and Iberian tribal languages.
		You have a language, Portuguese, that is just as good and as functional as any other.
	www.hartford-hwp.com /archives/42/149.html (847 words)

	Iberian Peninsula - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The following official languages are spoken in the Iberian peninsula:
		The following languages were spoken in the Iberian peninsula before the Roman occupation:
		In 711 CE, a "Moorish" Umayyad army from North Africa invaded Visigoth Christian Spain.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Iberian_Peninsula (392 words)

	LINGUIST List 16.2183: Historical Ling/Socioling: Lipski (2005)
		language, focusing on such aspects of the Atlantic slave trade that are
		bozal language in the literary and folkloric corpus.
		As for the consequences of the diversity of African languages in Afro-
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/issues/16/16-2183.html (3487 words)

	Total War Center Forums - Brainstorming/chuva de ideias— Iberian unit names
		“Tados” is the name of a Lusitanian warrior divinity, in the Lusitanian language, that appears in an inscription in Lamas de Moledo, Castro Daire, Portugal.
		But look to the “Cantabrian Ginetes”, used in RTR and in other mods: It has two modern languages English and Castilian, with the Castilian word of Berber influence that describes a way of mounting like the Berbers did in the Middle Ages, during the Muslins invasions and the consequent Reconquista.
		In my opinion, latin names would be the most appropriate, as it was the most important language of that period of history, and there are many modern laguages derived from latin (and many words in other languages).
	www.twcenter.net /forums/showthread.php?t=27786 (1034 words)

	Translation Services. Proof-reading, Editing & Copywriting. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		This network enables us to implement a common Business Model whereby translations are done only by native speakers of the target language, preferably in the country where that language is spoken.
		We offer a full palette of language services beginning with proof-reading and revising translations which clients present, to copywriting texts for public communications, most commonly in press releases.
		As members of one of the world's premiere translation networks, we work with Trados Translation Memory software, as appropriate, to ensure consistency of terminology on team projects and re-use of legacy texts for our permanent clientele.
	www.eurologos-spb.com /services (248 words)

	Wanderlino Arruda
		So, not being possible, at the present time, to define where this strange and magnetic word came from, we at least have the satisfaction and honor of having it securely within the domain of our Portuguese vocabulary.
		This, we can do without fear of interference from any language found in or out of the Latin family of languages.
		And, it may be for this alone, that it exists only as an icon of the mystic Portuguese language.
	www.wanderlino.com.br /chronicle/004.htm (510 words)

	Lusitania
		The Lusitanians are what is recognized as the ancestors of the current-day Portuguese culture.
		They had their own Lusitanian language, and an advance culture.
		During the Roman wars the Lusitanians were led by the legendary Viriato (Viriatus).
	www.portugal.com /history/lusitania/lusitanos.asp (202 words)

	lusitanian mythology - Article and Reference from OnPedia.com
		lusitanian mythology - Article and Reference from OnPedia.com
		Lusitanian (or Ancient Portuguese) Gods were later related with the Celtic and Roman invaders.
		The Lusitani people adopted the Celt and Roman cults and influenced them with theirs.
	www.onpedia.com /encyclopedia/Lusitanian-mythology (44 words)

	Amazon.com: Teach Yourself Beginner's Portuguese (Teach Yourself): Books: Sue Tyson-Ward (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		This includes Portugal and all her former African and Asian colonies, as well as Portuguese language enclaves in both New England and Toronto.
		I bought this course hoping to learn the language, but I was in for some disappointment.
		The dialogues may give you a sample of the kind of things you may need to say, but there is no real help with the language itself.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/084423575X?v=glance (1571 words)

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