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Topic: Lustration

	[No title]
		The constitutionality of the small lustration law was not reviewed, so it continues to be valid and in effect, even in those parts which correspond to parts of the large lustration law which the Constitutional Court of the CSFR declared to be unconstitutional.
		A common feature of the “lustration laws” passed in Europe during the 90s is the fact that they concentrate on an individual’s position and/or behavior under totalitarianism and draw negative consequences for him from them in terms of his involvement in public life in the present democratic state.
		Thus, both lustration laws, in a limited extent and by setting specific prerequisites for working in state services supplement the absence of a key law required by the Constitution, and their existence is therefore, in the given situation in the Czech democratic society, still necessary.
	test.concourt.cz /angl_verze/doc/p-9-01.html (8892 words)

	LUSTRATION - LoveToKnow Article on LUSTRATION
		The sacrifice chiefly used for purification by the Greeks was a pig; among the Romans it was always, except in the Lupercalia, a pig, a sheep and a bull (suovelaurilia).
		On extraordinary occasions lustrations were performed for a whole city.
		In Rome, besides such annual ceremonies as the Ambarvalia, Lupercalia, Cer.ialia, Paganalia, andc., there was a lustration of the fleet before it sailed, and of the army before it marched.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /L/LU/LUSTRATION.htm (935 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Lustration Process Lustration - a practise in post-communist states where those who collaborated with the former regime are purged from public life - is an inevitable part of Serbian life after Milosevic.
		Lustration should not become "an act of reprisal," he told Belgrade weekly NIN, adding that the process in former socialist countries had been based on precise legislation and thorough discussion with the people in question.
		According to the text, the "only exception" is the medical faculty, which conducted a soft lustration and reviewed the promotion of 60 professors and demotion of 33 in the last two years of the former regime.
	www.iwpr.net /archive/bcr2/bcr2_20020808_1_hr_eng.txt (1160 words)

	[No title]
		Lustration and Trustworthy Government Lustration is a legal process that authorizes government actions ranging from soliciting information, investigating, trying, and disqualifying from office those most complicit with the past regime.
		Lustration punishes but does not criminalize, but countries that practice lustration vary considerably in terms of who is punished, the extent of punishment, and how long the laws are in effect.
		Modeling Lustration In this section, we provide a first-cut at a model to account for, first, the development of lustration in the CEE countries, and, second, its implications for the development of trustworthy government, objectively and in citizen perception.
	www.colbud.hu /honesty-trust/horne/pub01.doc (8778 words)

	[No title]
		Mark Gillis's chapter on the lustration law of the Czech Republic is a concise introduction to this subject and a defense of lustration.
		A lustration law is a statutory exclusion of former Communist decision-makers from certain positions in the democratizing state.
		The conceptual justification of lustration was given by the Czech Constitutional Court as the affirmative obligation of a democratic state to defend its principles.
	www.bsos.umd.edu /gvpt/lpbr/subpages/reviews/priban.htm (1411 words)

	Central Europe Review - Kieran Williams on Lustration
		Lustration is one of the things that sets the Czech transition to democracy apart from that in other states.
		(Ironically, candidates for the legislature did not have to be lustrated, and ministers in Communist-era governments were not on the fllist.) To avoid charges of revenge-seeking and legal retroactivity, lustration was sold to the federal assembly and the people in 1991 as a defence mechanism for the fragile new democracy.
		The majority of those positively lustrated were demoted and transferred to non-lustratable positions rather than fired, suggesting that lustration was not the bulldozer of human fates that some feared and others hoped it would be.
	www.ce-review.org /99/19/williams19.html (1811 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Lustration as a form of transitional justice All governments that break from a non-democratic and repressive past have a daunting task in front of them, especially if their aim is to create a democratic and just society.
		Lustration and Trustworthy Government Politicians of the new regime claim and often believe that for citizens to view government as trustworthy, government must distance itself from the people and practices of the delegitimized past.
		Lustration in Practice: Ttrustworthiness of Ggovernment and Ppoliticians While there are theoretical reasons to believe that lustration might be constructive in supporting the development of trustworthy government, in practice lustration laws are susceptible to political manipulation and abuse as political entrepreneurs vie for power.
	www.colbud.hu /honesty-trust/horne/LeviHorne.doc (10691 words)

	Abstracts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Lustration laws (screening, vetting laws) are considered the most controversial measures of transitional justice because of their alleged encroachment of human rights.
		It identifies the motives that led to the approval of lustration laws in the Czech Republic and Poland, and examines the capacity of the laws to meet these objectives.
		Lustration laws, which facilitate an exclusion of the representatives of the old regime from public administration in emerging democracies, are considered the most controversial measure of transitional justice.
	www.law.wits.ac.za /david/abstracts.htm (841 words)

	THE MAGICAL PROCESS OF LUSTRATION & CONTACT WITH THE PLANETARY SPIRIT
		It must be made crystal clear in Diamond Clarity that the process of Lustration is not a Magical castration, nor cutting off of the Sex Force, it is a correction of the Sex Force that has suffered from a primary deviation.
		Lustration is correction and process of Divine Perfection in accordance with the Great Plan.
		Lust is the Unregenerate Condition at the beginning of the process of Lustration, whereas The Fool represents completion of the process of Lustration.
	www.innerlight.org.uk /journals/Vol24No4/process.htm (2514 words)

	ANALYSIS: Poland's lustration policy and overcoming the pas (09/17/00)
		Under the terms of a new Polish law on lustration that requires candidates for public office to declare whether they ever collaborated with the security services during the Communist period, Mr.
		Moreover, those who speak out against lustration frequently argue that any focus on the past will almost inevitably lead to witch hunts against innocent people and thus poison public attitudes at precisely the time that the stability of the countries involved is most at risk.
		And, morally, lustration of the Polish kind in particular does not so much punish individuals for their past action as allow Polish society to express clearly its abhorrence at the activities of the Communist-era secret police and the Communist past more generally.
	www.ukrweekly.com /Archive/2000/380005.shtml (710 words)

	News: The Prague Post Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The law, known as lustrace, or lustration, forbids StB agents and their informers, as well as senior Communist Party officials, members of paramilitary units and intelligence agents, from holding high government posts.
		Lustration has been the subject of bitter and repeated debate since its 1991 adoption.
		Interestingly, one of lustration's harshest critics is President Vaclav Havel, a former dissident and a committed anti-communist.
	www.praguepost.cz /news061301f.html (1079 words)

	Lustration in the Western Balkans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Western Balkans (Albania, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Croatia, Serbia-Montenegro, Bosnia - Herzegovina) is a region that still faces important challenges such as the lack of genuine peace, lack of trust by its citizens in the proper rule of law and the ongoing violation of human rights.
		It aims to enhance lustration legislation and practices and the public debate on the past in the Western Balkans.
		Since the fall of Communism, Lustration has become the accepted term for dealing with the remnants of an authoritarian past primarily within state bureaucracy.
	www.lustration.net /press_conference_belgrade.html (256 words)

	Lustration and the Legacy of Communism
		If you are lustrated in the Czech Republic, what you get is a slip of paper with a single letter on it, A through H. That's all you know.
		It doesn't just apply to high officials; everyone can be lustrated, in a sense--there's different ways of doing it, but--teachers, bus drivers, anyone who had any connection with the Stasi is going to find it very difficult to get any public sector job in Germany, and the public sector in Germany is huge.
		But how you would explain this lustration in the educational system was that academic criteria were replaced by this criteria of involvement in the former regime.
	www.newschool.edu /centers/ecep/tina.htm (12582 words)

	The New York Review of Books: HUMAN RIGHTS IN PRAGUE
		Unlike the Parliamentary Lustration Commission, which exposed thirteen people in 1991 as being among those listed at StB agents or informers, the Independent Commission set up by the lustration law seems well aware of the importance of not discussing individual cases with the press, even on an "off-the-record" basis.
		Precisely because the Commission does not publicize the outcome of appeals against a negative lustration certificate, individuals barred from holding office by its decisions are often able to leave their place of employment and find another job without suffering any public obloquy.
		In any case the numbers negatively lustrated are very few and likely to decline as privatization of state industry reduces the number of jobs affected by the screening process.
	www.nybooks.com /articles/2911 (1393 words)

	Justice Minister Roman Zvarych Protests Lustration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		This information was aired on the “Era” radio station. Lustration, according to the Sussex European Institute (SEI), refers to the vetting of public officials in Eastern Europe for their links to the Communist-era security services.
		One of them proposes lustration for individuals who participated in falsification of the recent presidential elections or cooperated with the intelligence services of foreign countries. The other variant proposes lustration for all individuals who held high-ranking positions in the Communist Party or the Communist Youth Organization during Soviet times.
		However, he did not explain whether any human rights are violated in a situation in which only former bureaucrats of the Communist Party, the Communist Youth Organization, or those who cooperated with KGB (SBU) have the possibility of being appointed to high-ranking government positions.
	eng.maidanua.org /node/124/print (194 words)

	Lustration in the Western Balkans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The “Disclosing hidden history: Lustration in the Western Balkans” project will create a regional network of NGOs with the purpose of strengthening good governance, the rule of law, and the participation of civil society in the democratic process, via regional and local activities.
		Specifically, this project aims to enhance lustration legislation and practices and to extend citizen participation in the public debate on the past in the Western Balkans.
		Seminar in Zagreb Lustration, Public Debates on the Past and the Rule of Law
	www.lustration.net (320 words)

	Lustration, Decommunization, and European Union Enlargement 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Lustration and decommunization are therefore similar to Versaille; the new governments, acting in a manner similar to outside forces, causing resentment similar to that at Versaille.
		Most of the work performed under lustration and decommunization laws was directed at lower-ranking individuals and the resolution of petty and meaningless crimes (Gibney, 107).
		However, because of lustration and decomunization, governments are in a constant state of inefficiency, flux, stability cannot be attained, and considerable time and effort is taken up while personalities in the public spotlight must undergo these procedures rather than engage in effective rule.
	www.eucenter.scrippscol.edu /eu_events/paper/panel8/gail_farley.html (7549 words)

	Central Europe Review - Poland's Lustration Wars
		The lustration process has been underway in Poland for several years (though the Vetting Law was only enacted in 1998).
		However, Poland's lustration, when it did begin, was ill-prepared and hastily executed, finally achieving aims opposite to those intended as the contents of the files were leaked before they had been evaluated.
		Politics is evolutionary and pursuing lustration only serves as an attempted distraction from more pressing current issues, and fortunately the electorate seems to be growing weary with this.
	www.ce-review.org /00/30/rohozinska30.html (1608 words)

	Mark S. Ellis, Purging The Past: The Current State Of Lustration Laws In The Former Communist Bloc, 59 Law & Contemp. ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The same court, however, upheld a revised version of the law, which classified the 1956 crimes as "war crimes" and "crimes against humanity," neither of which were subject to a statute of limitations.
		The lustration committee that investigates candidates before they may register to vote was late in issuing its reports and delayed the June 1997 elections.
		The word "lustration" is derived from the Latin "lustratio" meaning "put light on, or illuminate; purification by sacrifice or by purging." Jirina Siklova, Lustration or the Czech Way of Screening, 5 E. 57 (Winter 1996).
	www.law.duke.edu /journals/lcp/articles/lcp59dFall1996p181.htm (6357 words)

	Commentary Magazine - Letters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		...We are also united in our contempt for those who have abused the lustration process for their own political ends-which include the avoidance of responsibility for the damage done to Czechoslovakia's environment, society, culture, and economy by 41 years of Communist rule...
		...Skvorecky would be whether the leaked "list" is best understood as a "face" of the lustration law, or whether it should be regarded as the most recent, odious moment in the long and tawdry history of the Communist assault on the moral ecology of Czechoslovakia...
		...He is right in that the events following the passing of the lustration law did indeed involve an attempt to "divert attention"-from the "grim reality" of the continuing existence of the Communist party which, by inter- national standards applied to the German National Socialist party, is a criminal organization...
	www.commentarymagazine.com /Summaries/V95I2P4-1.htm (10015 words)

	l e a r n @ j t s PARASHAH Hukkat TEXT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Since the water of lustration was not dashed on him, he remains unclean; his uncleanness is still upon him.
		The water of lustration was not dashed on him: he is unclean.
		Further, he who sprinkled the water of lustration shall wash his clothes; and whoever touches the water of lustration shall be unclean until evening.
	learn.jtsa.edu /topics/parashah/jpstext/hukkat.shtml (2147 words)

	Center for Democracy and Reconciliation in Southeast Europe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The “Disclosing hidden history: Lustration in the Western Balkans” project will create a regional network of NGOs and specialised work groups with the purpose of strengthening good governance, the rule of law, and the participation of civil society in the democratic process, via regional and local activities.
		The objectives of this project are to strengthen good governance, the rule of law, and the participation of civil society in the democratic process by expanding and upgrading the legal and political basis and practices of coping with the authoritarian past in the region.
		In the Lustration Project, Dr. Hatschikjan will be the project director, responsible for designing and overseeing the content of the project, and guiding the partner organisation project managers.
	www.cdsee.org /lustration_in_wb.html (1858 words)

	Center for Democracy and Reconciliation in Southeast ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		6 July 2005: The CDRSEE has published the "Dossier: Conclusions and Recommendations" on www.lustration.net, which is the final publication of 18 months of research on the issue of Lustration in the Western Balkans.
		It includes debates about how democracy and the rule of law could benefit from a lustration process and what form this process could take.
		Read the press release or proceed directly to the first two dialogue contributions by Veljko Odalovic and Ragip Zekolli.
	www.cdsee.org (309 words)

	Lustration for the Millennium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Lustration for the Millennium is essentially a straightforward Introduction and Variations, however, it utilizes the form to create a mystical catharsis based on the fundamental characteristics of religious meditation.
		The piece does not reference any particular religion or culture but rather seeks common elements in the meditative rituals of many religions.
		The auditorium lights should be out for the duration of Lustration for the Millennium, starting before the performers walk on the stage.
	robertgpatterson.com /-compdesc/lustration/desc.html (168 words)

	The Slovak Spectator - Slovakia's English Language Newspaper
		The Lustration Law was approved by the government of Czechoslovakia in the autumn of 1991 in order to prevent former Communist Party officials and members of the ŠtB state secret police from holding sensitive public office posts, particularly within the Foreign Affairs, Interior, Security and Defence ministries.
		When the Lustration Law expired in the autumn of 1996, the Czechs voted to prolong the law for a further five years (the law is expected to be prolonged again this autumn in the Czech parliament).
		In Slovakia, the original Lustration Law was never extended nor, critics and former politicians say, was it ever taken seriously.
	www.slovakspectator.sk /clanok-645.html (560 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Olechowski admitted in his lustration statement that he had been a collaborator of the communist-era secret services but said that he had dealt exclusively with economic intelligence (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 18 July 2000).
		The Lustration Court confirmed that Olechowski told the truth in his statement.
		On the other hand, if the Lustration Court finds that a candidate lied in his lustration statement, that candidate may be excluded from the presidential race and banned from holding public posts for 10 years.
	www.infoukes.com /rfe-ukraine/2000/0808.html (1229 words)

	Centre for Post-Communist Studies at St. Francis Xavier University
		"Lustration and Decommunisation," in The rule of law in Central Europe: the reconstruction of legality, constitutionalism and civil society in the post-communist countries ed.
		Bertschi, Charles C. “Lustration and the Transition to Democracy.
		“Lustration Laws in Action: The Motives and the Evaluation of the Lustration Policy in the Czech Republic and Poland.” Law and Social Inquiry vol.
	www.stfx.ca /pinstitutes/cpcs/justice.htm (4132 words)

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