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Topic: Luwian language

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Lycian language

Palaic language

Anatolian languages

Hittite language

Arzawa

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	Hittite language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hittite is one of the earliest attested Indo-European languages, although marked differences in its structure and phonology have led some philologists to argue that it should be classified as a sister language to the Indo-European languages, rather than a daughter language.
		The closely related Luwian language was also in use in the Hittite empire, as a monumental language.
		Hattic was the language of the Hattians, the local inhabitants of the land of Hatti before being absorbed or displaced by the Hittites.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hittite_language (905 words)

	Who were Illyrians
		The principal language of the Italic group is Latin, originally the speech of the city of Rome and the ancestor of the modern Romance languages: Italian, Romanian, Spanish, Portuguese, French, etc. The earliest Latin inscriptions apparently date from the 6th century BC, with literature beginning in the 3rd century.
		The unity between the various Luwian dialects and the close relationship of Luwian to the other members of the Anatolian subgroup, however, is secured by several linguistic parallels, especially in the singular inflection of the noun, the forms of certain pronouns, the verbal endings, and a number of lexical (vocabulary) correspondences.
		Old Persian was the administrative language of the early Achaemenian dynasty dating from the 6th century BC; and an eastern Middle Indo-Aryan dialect was the language of the chancellery of the Mauryan emperor Ashoka in India in the mid-3rd century BC.
	www.geocities.com /iliria1 (15583 words)

	b. Economy, Technology, Society, and Culture. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		After the fall of the Hittite Empire, so-called hieroglyphic Hittite was used to write inscriptions in the Luwian language.
		The Hattians worshipped the sun goddess Wurusemu and the storm god Taru; the Hurrians, Teshup and Hepat; and the Luwians, Tarkhunt.
		The Hittite religion was peculiarly syncretistic and mixed Hattic, Hurrian, Luwian, Akkadian, and Sumerian gods with native Hittite deities such as the sun goddess Arinna.
	www.bartleby.com /67/112.html (368 words)

	Anatolian languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Anatolian languages are a group of extinct languages, either Indo-European or (in some classifications) closely related to Indo-European, which were spoken in Asia Minor, including Hittite.
		Lydian and Lycian are later Anatolian languages that are known from a number of inscriptions; no extended texts survive in them.
		The Hittite language was deciphered by Bedřich Hrozný in 1916-1917, who discovered that it was an Indo-European language.
	www.americancanyon.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Anatolian_languages (232 words)

	Luwian language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Luwian (sometimes spelled Luvian) is part of the Anatolian branch of the Indo European language family and has been preserved in two forms, Cuneiform Luwian and Hieroglyphic Luwian (formerly called Hieroglyphic Hittite).
		Luwian hieroglyphic inscription from the city of Carchemish.
		Hieroglyphic Luwian has been attested in areas of Syria and Palestine as late as the 7th century B.C. Luwian is significant as it appears to prove that the Proto-Indo-European language had three distinct sets of velar consonants: palatovelars, plain velars, and labiovelars (Melchert 1987).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Luwian (276 words)

	Encyclopedia: Luwian language
		Luwian (sometimes spelled Luvian) is part of the Anatolian branch of the Indo European language family and has been preserved in three forms: (1) Cuneiform Luwian, (2) Hieroglyphic-Luwian and (3), the somewhat later Lycian.
		Hieroglyphic Luwian has been attested in areas of Syria and Palestine as late as the 7th century B.C. Arzawa is a region or kingdom in what was later to be known as Lydia in Western Anatolia.
		Luwian is significant as it appears to prove that the Proto-Indo-European language had three distinct sets of velar consonants: palatovelars, plain velars, and labiovelars (Melchert 1987).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Luwian-language (721 words)

	luwian language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Luwian is an Anatolian language known in three forms: (1) Cuneiform Luwian, (2) Hieroglyphic-Luwian and (3), the somewhat later Lycian.
		Luwian was among the languages spoken by population groups in Arzawa and the Hittite Empire (in modern Turkey), attested in the Bronze and early Iron ages.
		Hieroglyphic Luwian has been attested in areas of Syria and Palestine as late as the 7th century B.C. This article is a stub.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /luwian_language.html (203 words)

	Luwian language - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Luwian (sometimes spelled Luwiyan) is part of the Anatolian branch of the Indo European language family and has been preserved in three forms: (1) Cuneiform Luwian, (2) Hieroglyphic-Luwian and (3), the somewhat later Lycian.
		Luwian (and Hittite) groups are now believed by most academic specialists to have moved south into Amurru, Aram Naharaim, Canaan and the Hejaz (modern Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, Jordan and northern Saudi Arabia) after ca.
		The Luwian population groups of Lycia and Cilicia Aspera during the Hellenistic period (Documenta et monumenta Orientis antiqui)
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /luwian.htm (270 words)

	AncientScripts.com: Hieroglyphic Luwian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This script was originally mislabeled as Hieroglyphic Hittite, but the decipherment of the signs eventually led to the conclusion that the language recorded was not Hittite, but a related language called Luwian.
		Hittite and Luwian both belong to Anatolian subgroup of the Indo-European language family.
		Hieroglyphic Luwian was used in city-states of Southern Anatolia and Northern Syria, from 1000 BCE (?) to 700 BCE.
	www.ancientscripts.com /print.cgi?f=luwian.html (132 words)

	Margins of writing, origins of cultures: 2005
		The relationships between language and ethnicity, the connections between languages of empire and local identity, and the places where languages are born, live and die has remained largely terra incognita, the subject of brief speculations rather than focused empirical research.
		Since language plays a vital role in constructing and maintaining such an identity, the wealth of preserved textual sources of this period, in both the native and Greek language, begs to be addressed.
		With the collapse of the Hittite empire shortly after 1200 BC it was the Hittite language and its cuneiform script that vanished and the Luwian language and hieroglyphic script that survived.
	oi.uchicago.edu /OI/IS/OIS/MARGINS_2005/Margins_2005.html (5024 words)

	Luwian language -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The Luwians were related to the Hittites and were the dominant group in the Late Hittite culture.
		Modern knowledge of the language comes from 21 passages dealing with the cult of the deity Ziparwa that appear in the cuneiform tablets found in the ruins of the Hittite archives at Bogazköy (the ancient Hattusa, in modern Turkey).
		The Anatolian languages are known only from texts of the 2nd and 1st millennia BC; the earliest evidence is that of the so-called Cappadocian tablets (19th–18th centuries...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9049452?tocId=9049452 (779 words)

	The Alekseev Manuscript - Chapter VII: Bronze Age in Eurasia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		HOLLIS equates Nuristani with Dardic 28, with Bashgali 29, and with the Kafiri languages 30 (Bashgali, Dardic, and Nuristani are languages of Afghanistan).
		The Tokharian language is synonymous with Yueh Cheh.
		The Livonians, from a small area in Latvia, speak the Livonian language, the Mansi of the Ob Valley in Siberia and the Tavda Valley in Russia speak the Mansi language, the Mari speak the Mari language, and the Mordvins speak the Mordvin language with dialects of Erzya and Moksha.
	www.drummingnet.com /alekseev/ChapterVII.html (12823 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search View - Hittites
		The Syro-Hittite rulers used the Luwian language, in which hieroglyphics were employed for writing.
		The importance of the discovery is that the archives made it possible to decipher the Hittite language, thus revealing information about previously unknown aspects of the culture, such as political organization, legislation, religion, and literature.
		Most of the texts found in the archives were written in the Hittite language, but treaties and state letters were written in Akkadian, the international language of the period.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761563583__1/Hittites.html (1625 words)

	NEW EAST WING GALLERY: Study of the Hittite Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		During the era of the Hittite Empire, the Luwians, who were the Hittites' neighbors, developed a script for their own language; Luwian is related to Hittite in the same way Spanish is related to Italian.
		The University of Chicago's late Hans Guterbock was a pioneering scholar of the language, and that work is carried on by his colleagues Harry Hoffher and van den Hout and their research team.
		Hittite and Luwian artifacts excavated during Oriental Institute expeditions also are on display in the gallery, including pieces of royal statuary and the base of a column, all made of basalt.
	oi.uchicago.edu /OI/MUS/GALLERY/EAST/Hittite_language.html (479 words)

	Palaic language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Palaic was written in Cuneiform and didn't differ greatly from Luwian of Hittite.
		Together with Luwian language Palaic was already about to become an agglutinative language and leave Indo-European flexions.
		It is interesting that, unlike Hittite and Luwian, Palaic did not give birth to any late Anatolian language.
	members.tripod.com /babaev/tree/palaic.html (234 words)

	Consider (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Luwian was an Anatolian language related to the language of the Hittites.
		The Luwian language was contemporaneous with Hittite, but, instead of cuneiform, it used its own glyphs for writing, the main reason why it is not well understood.
		Luwian Gurgun was in inner Anatolia, but it was a toehold.
	idcs0100.lib.iup.edu /WestCivI/consider.htm (7508 words)

	ipedia.com: Hittite language Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Hittite language is the dead language once spoken by the Hittites, a people who once created an empire centered on ancient Hattusa (modern Boğazköy) in north-central Turkey.
		Hittite is one of the earliest known Indo-European languages, although marked differences in its structure and phonology have lead some philologists to argue that it should be classified as a sister language to the Indo-European languages, rather than a daughter language.
		As one of the oldest attested Indo-European languages, Hittite is interesting largely because it lacks many of the complications exhibited by other "old" Indo-European languages such as Lithuanian, Sanskrit, and Greek.
	www.ipedia.com /hittite_language.html (713 words)

	Euskal Herria Journal \| Basque Language and Culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Basque is the sole surviving non-Indo-European language in Western Europe, it is classified as a language isolate.
		Besides Indo-European, there are to be found languages of four other families in Europe; the Uralic family and the Altaic stock are represented, and we have to add two language families in the Caucasian area, namely South Caucasian and North Caucasian.
		Estonian, Finnish and Saami (Lapp) are languages belonging to the Finnic branch of Finno-Ugric, Hungarian represents Ugric.
	www.ehj-navarre.org /blessons/mowstr.html (6025 words)

	Courses & Programs of Study
		The B.A. in NELC recognizes the acquisition of the primary native languages as access to the cultures, literature, and civilizations of the ancient Near East and modern Middle East.
		These courses should be chosen in consultation with the counselor for undergraduate studies and may include additional language study or civilization sequences or courses in areas such as archaeology, art, literatures in translation, history, and religion.
		All four language skills are emphasized: comprehension of written and oral materials; reading of nondiacritical text; writing of directed sentences, paragraphs, and compositions; and speaking.
	collegecatalog.uchicago.edu /programs/nelc.shtml (6311 words)

	Phrasebase - Luwian Language Facts And Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A separate language from Karelian (Juha Janhunen 1990).
		This is just for fun, base your vote on factors such as ease of learning, ease of pronouncing, the sounds and tones, how appealing it sounds, how effective and convenient it is to communicate in and express what is on your mind.
		Reproduction of text or images for commercial use is strictly prohibited.
	www.phrasebase.com /languages/index.php?cat=153 (150 words)

	yourDictionary.com • Language Dictionaries
		There are 6,800 known languages spoken in the 200 countries of the world.
		New languages and dictionaries are constantly being added to yourDictionary.com; as a result, we have the widest and deepest set of dictionaries, grammars, and other language resources on the web.
		If you cannot find the language resources you want on line, yourDictionary now offers 25,000 language resources on tape, video, CD ROM, and in traditional book form for children and adults in cooperation with WorldLanguage.
	www.yourdictionary.com /languages.html (194 words)

	Lycia - Lycian Language - lycianturkey.com
		However, it is known that Lycian was most likely a later form of Luwian - a language that was spoken in western Asia Minor before the arrival of the Hittites.
		Their language was of Indo-European origin evidenced by its Indo-European cognates, which make about 20% in all Anatolian languages.
		The bilingual inscription known as the "Xanthos Obelisk" and the "Letoon Trilingual", were instrumental in beginning to decipher the unsolved puzzle of the Lycian language.
	www.lycianturkey.com /lycian_language.htm (1569 words)

	ANISTORITON: Internet Messages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The language can be shown to fit Alice Kober's rule regarding Indo-European languages - such name triplets as Dataro (nominative), Datare (dative) and Datara (genitive) show Indo-European inflection.
		The given example of una- is actually part of a word which is spelled in two different ways because the Linear A as consonant-vowel syllabary has a hard time with syllables that end with a consonant.
		To any linguist who has worked for some time with Minoan Linear A, the idea that the language might be Greek, related to Greek (or even Attic Greek) or other IE languages like Luwian, is very unlikely, not to say impossible.
	www.anistor.co.hol.gr /english/enback/m985.htm (322 words)

	A FEW THOUGHTS ON THE HITTITES
		We believe that they were Indo-European because we know that their language was an Indo-European language.
		This was known as the kingdom of Arzawa and they spoke a language closely related to the Hittite language, Luwian.
		Their language is generally thought to be Indo-European, connected to Greek or Armenian.
	members.aol.com /RARinIT/indhitt.htm (935 words)

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