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	Vietnam - The Ly Dynasty and the Flowering of Buddhism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Ly Cong Uan, a former temple orphan who had risen to commander of the palace guard, succeeded Le Hoan in 1009, thereby founding the great Ly dynasty that lasted until 1225.
		The early Ly kings established a prosperous state with a stable monarchy at the head of a centralized administration.
		During the Ly dynasty, the Vietnamese began their long march to the south (nam tien) at the expense of the Cham and the Khmer.
	countrystudies.us /vietnam/8.htm (491 words)

	b. 1009-1527, Independence and Its Defense. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		The Ly dynasty came to power when Ly Công Uan (or Ly Thai-tô, 974–1028), commander of the palace guard, seized the throne.
		At the time of Nhat Ton's death and the accession of Ly Can Duc (1066–1127), Wang Anshi was in the midst of implementing his New Laws in China (See 1069–73).
		The Trân dynasty came to power in the decay and strife at the end of the Ly.
	www.bartleby.com /67/398.html (715 words)

	vietnam: then&now
		The Ly, who reigned the country for more than two centuries, were the first of the enduring national dynasties.
		Ly Cong Uan was a disciple of a famous monk, Van Hanh, who helped him rise to power in the Hoa Lu court.
		Under the impulse of Confucian administrators, the Ly Dynasty consolidated the monarchy by setting up a centralised government and establishing a tax system, a judiciary system and a professional army.
	library.thinkquest.org /25734/h/history9.html (388 words)

	Trần Dynasty - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Trần Dynasty (陳朝 Trần Triều; or vernacularly "Nhà Trần", meaning "the Trần Family") was a Vietnamese dynasty that ruled Vietnam (at that time known as Đại Việt) from 1225 to 1400.
		The dynasty began in 1225 when king Thái Tông ascended to the throne after overthrowing the Lý Dynasty.
		The dynasty ruled for a total of 175 years, ending in 1400 when king Thiếu Đế, then 5 years old, was forced to abdicate the throne in favor of his maternal grandfather Hồ Quý Ly.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tran_Dynasty (1407 words)

	vietnam - culture - history - tradition
		although the rise of the ly reflected the emergence of a lively sense of vietnamese nationhood, ly rulers retained many of the political and social institutions that had been introduced during the period of chinese rule.
		under the rule of the ly dynasty and its successor, the tran (1225-1400), vietnam became a dynamic force in southeast asia.
		china's rulers, however, had not abandoned their historic objective of controlling the red river delta, and when the mongol dynasty came to power in the 13th century, the armies of kublai khan attacked vietnam in an effort to reincorporate it into the chinese empire.
	www.loveofasiavietnam.com /vietnam/history_vietnam.html (2580 words)

	CNN Specials - Vietnam at 25 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The so-called Later Ly dynasty founded by Ly Thai To endured from 1009 to 1225.
		The Ly emperors modernized agriculture, created a civil service based on the Chinese model and established a capital at Hanoi, centered in the Red River valley.
		The Later Ly dynasty was supplanted by the Tran dynasty in 1225 that took up the cause against Champa and successfully repulsed three Mongol invasions from 1257 to 1287.
	www.cnn.com /interactive/specials/0004/vietnam.whoiswho/ly.html (327 words)

	Vietnam - Political Resistance to the Chinese
		Ly Bi was killed in 547, but his followers kept the revolt alive for another fifty years, establishing what is sometimes referred to in Vietnamese history as the Earlier Ly dynasty.
		While the Ly family retreated to the mountains and attempted to rule in the style of their Chinese overlords, a rebel leader who based his rule on an indigenous form of kingship arose in the Red River Delta.
		The Chinese Tang dynasty (618-907) instituted a series of administrative reforms culminating in 679 in the reorganization of Vietnamese territory as the Protectorate of Annam (or Pacified South), a name later used by the French to refer to central Vietnam.
	countrystudies.us /vietnam/6.htm (687 words)

	Vietnam War - Who's Who in the Anciet History of Vietnam
		The greatest ruler of the so-called Later Le dynasty was Le Thanh Tong, who took the throne in 1460 and organized the country into provinces, districts and departments, establishing a system of government run by officials appointed on the basis of Confucian civil service examinations.
		Both families, and the Later Le dynasty, were vanquished by the Tay Son brothers in the 1770s and 1780s.
		The last Vietnamese royal dynasty was founded in 1802 by Emperor Gia Long (formerly Nguyen Anh), who claimed the throne by defeating the Tay Son brothers with the aid of French mercenaries and European arms.
	www.vietnamwar.com /whoswho.htm (4262 words)

	VIVO DO is Vietnam
		In the Ly dynasty, the irregular troops (ngoai binh) were not provided with food rations, their services in the army were rendered in turn.
		The Ly dynasty is famous for the general Ly Thuong Kiet, the Tran dynasty had king Tran Hung Dao,...
		In the end, when Tay Son dynasty collapsed, she and her husband were arrested and tortured savagely but they showed their extraordinary bravery inspite of the enemy's inhumane and despicable revenge.
	www.geocities.com /huynhth00/Histo.htm (1816 words)

	Lý Thường Kiệt - Asia Finest Discussion Forum
		In the 11th century, when the Ly dynasty was founded, the frontiers of Dai Viet in the north and northwest had not yet been clearly delimited.
		At the Ly court, given that the reigning king was only ten years old, all power was concentrated in the hands of General Ly Thuong Kiet, who decided to take the offensive in order to forestall the Sung.
		Ly Thuong Kiet was the architect of the victory.
	www.asiafinest.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=17930 (758 words)

	Vets With A Mission - Origin of Vietnam Name
		Ly Bon took control of the territory and founded the Ly Dynasty which lasted until the Chinese once again regained their supremacy in 545.
		Ly Cong Uan was a disciple of a famous monk, Van Hanh, who helped him to power in the Hoa Lu Court.
		The Ho Dynasty (1400-1428):The King's marriage to the aunt of aminister, Le Qui Ly, was to prove a fatal move for the Tran Dynasty.
	www.vwam.com /vets/history/vietnam.html (5980 words)

	Vietnamese Zen - Zen History
		The person who made a great contribution to the prosperity of Ly dynasty and Vietnamese people during this era (1010-1225) is Zen Master Van Hanh.
		Let hear this saying from King Ly Thanh Ton to the people during a cold winter: "Living in the palace with provided heat from the chimneys and fur coats, I still feel the coldness; much less for those people in jail cells who are suffered, hungry, and clothless.
		From the end of Le dynasty to Nguyen dynasty, Vietnam was shook by the enemy's invasions and internal uprisings.
	www.truclamvietzen.net /ZenHistory.htm (2293 words)

	History
		The various subgroups of the Pre-Dong Son culture was eventually unified in the northern areas of Central Vietnam and became the Dong Son culture.
		The victory of the resistance against the Sung invasion led by Le Hoan in 981 was an eloquent proof of that statement.
		Brothers Nguyen Nhac, Nguyen Lu, and Nguyen Hue led the Tay Son Revolution in 1771 and overthrew the Nguyen Dynasty.
	www.angelfire.com /hi4/hoangtu19/history.htm (1667 words)

	Hanoi Attractions - Top Sightseeing and things to see
		Due to that abdication, King Ly Than Tong' son, Ly Anh Tong had Chieu Thien pagoda constructed and dedicated to and for the worship of his father, the king, who was also the senior Buddhist monk, Tu Dao Hanh.
		According to legend, the pagoda was part of the former Tu Hoa palace of the Ly Dynasty.
		In the temple, there is a statue of Quan Vu, en elite general of the Thuc Han dynasty of China who was famous for his loyalty and a statue of La To, famous for his practice of medicine.
	www.yourrooms.com /vietnam_hotels/hanoi/attractions.htm (4183 words)

	Thang Long Water Puppets Theatre ! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In Ly Dynasty, Ly Kings always respected for Buddies and took great interest in curious phenomenon relate to dragons.
		From 1010 to 1225, there were many times special kinds of tortoises were honoured to Ly Kings: three-foot-tortoises, six-face tortoises, white tortoises, five-colour tortoises even praise-words on tortoises’ shells.
		Ly Kings took great interest in dragon but the people all in good faith greeted newly crowned Kings in a "home-made-fun" way.
	www.thanglongwaterpuppet.org /history6.htm (679 words)

	www.loveofasiavietnam.com
		the vietnamese folksongs are rich in forms and melodies of regions across the country, ranging from ngam tho (reciting poems), hat ru (lullaby), ho (chanty) to hat quan ho, trong quan, xoan, dum, vi giam, ca hue, bai choi, ly.
		water-puppet shows are also a special traditional art that was ignited in the ly dynasty.
		the remaining ancient architectures are mostly pagodas and temples of the ly-tran dynasties, palaces and stelas of the le dynasty, the 18th centurys community houses, citadels and tombs of the nguyen dynasty and cham towers.
	www.loveofasiavietnam.com /vietnam/vietnamese_arts.html (431 words)

	BVOM.COM - Vietnamese History
		Ly Cong Uan was born in 974 and brought up by a Buddhist monk for his mother died right after giving birth.
		Ly Dynasty started to decline at Ly AnhTong (1138 - 1175) reign, and the next Cao Tong did nothing to improve the situation, but at his youth he indulged in play, ignored the ruling.
		Ly Thuong Kiet is one of the National Hero, his name has been used to name the big street of Hanoi, on that street the PACIFIC R.I.M office situated.
	www.bvom.com /resource/vn_history.asp?pContent=Middle_Ages (8478 words)

	Ly, Tran dynasty antiques on show (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		More than 300 artifacts of the Ly and Tran dynasties discovered last year in Ha Noi are now being exhibited at the Ho Chi Minh City Historical Museum.
		The tiles and ceramic ware have engravings that indicate they were used in building the palaces of the Ly Dynasty in the 11th century.
		Local experts’ depiction of what the Ly Dynasty’s royal palace may have looked like are also on display.
	vietnamnews.vnagency.com.vn /2004-02/25/Stories/25.htm (222 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Ly dynasty consolidated the monarchy by setting up a centralized government and establishing a tax system, a judiciary system and a professional army.
		Ly Cong Uan, Vietnamese emperor (1010-1053), a disciple of a famous monk, Van Hanh, who helped him into power in the Hoa Luu Court.
		Ly Thai Tong, Ly Anh Tong, and Ly Cao Tong, Vietnamese emperors, led the Buddhist sects of Thao Duong and founded some 150 monasteries in the region of Thang Long.
	www.pages.drexel.edu /~st94jdc6/LY.htm (136 words)

	Hanoi Summary
		The only vestiges remaining of the Ho Dynasty Citadel are its south wall and gate, and two carved stone dragons that formerly had been part of the royal palace's structure.
		In 1408, Vietnam was invaded by Chinese troops from the Ming Dynasty and Đông Đô was renamed Đông Quan (Eastern Gateway) by the Chinese.
		In 1428, Vietnam was liberated from Chinese rule by Lê Lợi, the founder of the Le Dynasty (Lê Triều) and Đông Quan was renamed Đông Kinh (Eastern Capital - the name known to Europeans as Tonkin; and evidently, the same characters used for Tokyo).
	www.bookrags.com /Hanoi (2141 words)

	Ly artefacts discovered in Bac Giang Province (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		According to experts from the National Institute of Archaeology, the bricks are significant because they belong to the most important period of political, cultural, and architectural advancement during the Ly Dynasty and may shed light on Bac Giang’s importance during the Long Thuy Thai Binh era.
		The Chinese characters etched on the bricks indicate they were made during the reign of King Ly Thanh Tong, the third Ly king who ruled from 1054-1072.
		In Dai Viet Su Luoc (An Overview of the History of Dai Viet) written during the Tran Dynasty (1225-1400), the author writes that in 1029 a daughter of King Ly Thanh Tong was married in the province.
	vietnamnews.vnagency.com.vn /2004-01/07/Stories/20.htm (257 words)

	Lý Dynasty - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Le Hoan, the commander in chief of Dinh Bo Linh's army, seized the throne and successfully repulsed the Chinese army in 981 in the 2nd battle of Bach Dang Giang.
		Ly Cong Uan, a former temple orphan who had risen to commander of the palace guard, succeeded Le Hoan in 1009, thereby founding the great Lý dynasty.
		During the Lý dynasty, the Vietnamese began their long march to the south (Nam Tiến) at the expense of the Cham and the Khmer.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ly_Dynasty (1080 words)

	History of Vietnam - Culture and background country
		The rise of this dynasty encouraged a feeling of patriotism among the Vietnamese despite the retention of many of the political and social laws that had been introduced during Chinese rule.
		The Ly Dynasty Primarily an agricultural state, most of the land was divided among the nobility.
		Nearly all the paddy fields were controlled by powerful lords, this in turn made the peasants angry which then led them to revolt and in 1789 Nguyen Hue, the ablest of the Tay Son brothers, a powerful family at the time revolted, briefly restoring Vietnam to united rule.
	www.yourrooms.com /vietnam_hotels/history.htm (2020 words)

	vietnam: then&now
		An ambitious commoner, Tran Canh, married the Ly Dynasty's last queen, Chieu Hoang.
		During this period, Buddhism, which had become predominant under the Ly Dynasty continued to play an important role, but it was subsequently weakened by co-existence with Confucianism, Taoism and various other popular beliefs and customs.
		The Tran Dynasty is renowned for its brilliant military victories, especially that on the Bach Dang River by the king's brother, Tran Hung Dao, against Kublai Khan's much larger Mongol armies.
	library.thinkquest.org /25734/h/history10.html (217 words)

	Annam and its minor currency
		Another general of the palace, LY CONG-UN, proclaimed himself king, and was afterwards known by the name of [][] THAI-TO.
		The kingdom was in a very disturbed state: the [] Ly Dynasty had already lost the prestige acquired by its first kings, and the fear of imaginary or real dangers which surrounded the life of the king made him lose his reason and his throne.
		The [] TRAN family did not lose such a good opportunity to obtain the crown; one of its members [][] TRAN-CANH married the queen, and, on her abdicating in favour of her husband, the Ly family, the true founders of the Annamese kingdom, disappeared from power.
	art-hanoi.com /toda/12.html (908 words)

	Southeast Asian History-Champa-Vietnam
		The Ly dynasty replaced the warlords with a Chinese-style civil service bureaucracy at Hanoi, and thus was stable enough to last over two centuries (1009-1225).
		The Ly monarchs called their country Dai Viet, but the Chinese name of Annam ("The Pacified South") was used everywhere else.
		He was a capable and bold reformer, but the supporters of the Tran dynasty called in Chinese aid, and in 1407 a Chinese army removed the usurper.
	www.guidetothailand.com /thailand-history/dai_viet_champa.htm (1176 words)

	Vietnam - Country and people (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The native area of the Ly Dynasty was built in the traditional architectural style of Southeast Asia.
		The statues of tigers in Tran Thu Do’s mausoleum (one of the founders of the Tran Dynasty) and the statues of buffaloes and dogs in Tran Hien Tong’s mausoleum are the first forms of sculpture in Vietnam’s tombs.
		The Nguyen Dynasty saw the transfer of the capital from Hanoi to Hue, and the building of a grandiose imperial city and a complex of mausoleums and tombs.
	www.vietnamtourism.com /e_pages/country/overview.asp?uid=2455 (1388 words)

	greatleaders
		Born in 1030 of an aristocratic family in the capital of Thang Long, Ly Thuong Kiet served Emperor Ly Thanh Tong (1054-1072) as a military officer and commanded a successful invasion of Champa in 1069 that resulted in major territorial concessions to the Vietnamese and the temporary cessation of the threat from the South.
		Ly Thuong Kiet fortified the Cau river north of Hanoi was able to prevent an anemy occupation of the capital.
		In later years, Ly Thuong Kiet served as a provincial governor, and died in 1105 at the advanced age of 75.
	www.fortunecity.com /tinpan/ashcroft/274/greatleaders.html (779 words)

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