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Topic: Lycian

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Hittite language

Luwian language

	FOCUS on LYCIA
		The earliest settlers are thought to be the native Anatolians and some migrants from the island of Crete, according to the famous historian Herodotus.
		Lycians are considered to be one of the oldest people of Anatolia and always resisted any new colonialists, mainly Greeks.
		he Lycian Federation, consisting of 23 cities, was governed by a council named Lyciarch which was formed during an assembly meeting each year with the votes of the member states of the federation.
	www.focusmm.com /civcty/lycia_00.htm (657 words)

	Lycia and the Lycians - All About Turkey
		The Lycians enjoyed a reputation for independence and fought for it tooth and nail, often to the last man. This last statement is not a clichè tacked on for effect, on at least two occasions we know it to be fact.
		Against a superior force the Lycians fought to the finish, and when they saw there was no hope of victory, they once again slew their women and children and burnt the city down.
		After the fall of Rome the Lycian coast once again became a haven for pirate fleets and not until the 18th and 19th centuries and the presence of the British Navy was the piracy problem again tackled and the Lycian coast cleaned up.
	www.allaboutturkey.com /likya.htm (1454 words)

	LYCIAN
		The Lycian Coast and the Scourge of Piracy
		The Lycian Settlement Although Lycians are mentioned in a lot of previous historical events, it is not known for certain when they came and settled in the Southwestern Anatolia (Fethiye and environs).
		Some researches claim that the Lycians were originally settled on the southern coastline of the Marmara Sea and early in the 1 3th century B.C. migrated futher to the south.
	www.gofethiye.com /fethiye/lycian.htm (504 words)

	Lycia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The eponymous inhabitants of Lycia, the Lycians, spoke an Indo-European language, belonging to its Anatolian branch.
		The closest language to the Lycian language is the Luwian language, which was spoken in Anatolia during the 2nd and early 1st millennium BC; it may even be its direct ancestor.
		In Homer's Iliad, the Lycian contingent was said to have been lead by two esteemed warriors: Sarpedon (son of Zeus and Laodamia) and Glaucus (son of Hippolochus).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lycia (822 words)

	KORAL TRAVEL (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It is known from these that the Lycians (called ‘Lukka’ in these sources) were involved in acts of piracy against Cyprus around 1400 BC, that they fought against Egypt in the ranks of the Hittites during the battle of Kadesh in 1295 BC and that they participated with the Libyans.
		Lycian aristocrats began to adopt Roman names, there was a demand for wild animal fights and gladiator combat and the emperor cult spread rapidly.
		In Homer’s Iliad, Sarpedon is the son of Zeus and Laodameia and is the leader of the Lycian contingent that came to assist the Trojans.
	www.koraltravel.com /lycian.asp (4850 words)

	Lycian Turkey - Who Were the Lycians? - Ancient Lycia
		The ancient Greeks knew and admired the Lycians, for the Lycians had solved a problem which baffled the ancient world: how to reconcile free government in the city-state with the needs of a larger political unity.
		It is known from these that the Lycians (called âLukkaâ in these sources) were involved in acts of piracy against Cyprus around 1400 BC, that they fought against Egypt in the ranks of the Hittites during the battle of Kadesh in 1295 BC and that they participated with the Libyans.
		In the Lycians' early history, they were confined to the Xanthos River Valley and in later classical times the country expanded north to the Indus River (Dalaman Ãayi) and east to Phaselis.
	www.lycianturkey.com /who_were_the_lycians.htm (1225 words)

	Lycian Wicca Podcast on Mefeedia - web show, video blogs or podcast
		from Lycian Wicca Podcast on September 02, 2006
		from Lycian Wicca Podcast on June 10, 2006
		Side Note: If you consider Lycian Wicca to be your tradition or are interested in Lycian Wicca, then let others know your location on this map and find other Lycians in your area.
	www.mefeedia.com /feeds/16235 (721 words)

	Sundance Nature Village \| Antalya Kemer Tekirova: Accommodation in Bungalows Treehouses Tents \| TURKEY
		The Lycian Way, Turkey's first long distance trail, is the most significant ecotourism project in Turkey.
		The Lycian way is sign-posted with green and yellow signs, and you are recommended to have a certified guide if you are not experienced.
		The Lycian Way, is a 30-day, 500 km walk around the coast and mountains of Lycia, starting from Fethiye and finishing near Antalya.
	www.sundancecamp.com /History/Lycianway (319 words)

	Lycian alphabet and language
		The Lycian language was spoken in what is now the Antalya region of Turkey up to about the 3rd Century BC, when the Lycians adopted Greek as their languages.
		Lycian is thought to have developed from Luwian, a language spoken in Asia Minor before the arrival of the Hittites (c.
		The Lycian alphabet was adapted from an archaic version of the Doric Greek alphabet.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/lycian.php (245 words)

	Lycian language
		The Lycians and the Greeks first came into contact before the Trojan War in the 12st century BC, and the remains of Lycian tombs, temples, and theaters show a marked Greek influence.
		In the same century, however, the Lycians were defeated by the Persians under King Cyrus the Great despite heroic resistance.
		Lycian language, being the late Luwian, nevertheless developed some new features in its structure.
	members.tripod.com /babaev/tree/lycian.html (366 words)

	Sailing Turkey From Gocek On Holiday And Honeymoon Yacht Charters
		It is situated up against pined slopes of a national forest in the NW corner of the Gulf of Fethiye and may be the site of ancient Hyparna, a fortified town defended by mercenaries which fell to Alexander during the winter of 334/333 BC.
		Originally Carian and latterly Lycian, the ancient city of Crya's baths are still evident among the olive trees and oleander, while its acropolis is a short scramble above a seaside restaurant.
		Lycians, Herodotus asserted, were Minoans driven from Crete by Minos of Knossos.
	www.tgeyacht.com /Itinerary1.htm (1976 words)

	Lycian Way - Lycia - Photos *- Turkey
		In Homer's Iliad, the Lycian contingent was said to have been lead by two esteemed warriors: Sarpedon (son of Zeus and Laodamia) and Glaucus (son of Hippolochus).
		Elsewhere in Greek mythology, the Lycian kingdom was said to have been ruled by another Sarpedon, a Cretan exile and brother to King Minos; Sarpedon's followers were called Termilae, and they founded a dynasty after their conquest of a people called the Milyans.
		Though the second-century CE dialogue Erotes found the cities of Lycia "interesting more for their history than for their monuments, since they have retained none of their former splendor", many relics of the Lycians remain visible today, especially their distinctive rock-cut tombs in the sides of cliffs in the region.
	www.terra-anatolia.com /lycian_way/lycian_way_02.htm (441 words)

	Lycian History (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The most outstanding feature of the Lycians is the importance they attached to their monumental graves.
		The Nereids Monument (and other relics) taken to England by Charles Fellows in 1842 and now exhibited in the British Museum is believed to have served as a model for the construction of the Mausoleum of Halicarnasssus, one of the Seven Wonders of the ancient World.
		Certainly, the Lycian League is one of the earliest forms of democracy recorded in history.
	www.kalkan.org.tr /history.htm (446 words)

	Lycian's stage is set for the final act
		Orange County officials recently toured the Lycian and are exploring the possibility of taking over its 673-seat main stage and 250-seat children's theater.
		The Lycian's demise leaves two large performance halls in Orange County: the Paramount Theatre in Middletown and Eisenhower Hall at the U.S. Military Academy at West Point.
		And it comes as the county's population — estimated at 341,000 in 2000 — is booming and the county is expanding its promotion of the arts through its tourism office.
	www.recordonline.com /archive/2002/04/27/camlycia.htm (778 words)

	Coins of the Lycian League
		The Lycians were greatly outnumbered and they withdrew into their citadel.
		However, under the Persians, independent villages of Lycian peoples to the east came into the coordinated government of the region.
		Typical of the city issues is a stater (9.8 grams) from Limyra, SGCV 5286, which features a lion scalp facing and triskeles and Lycian inscription ZEM for Zemuri, their name for the town.
	www.limunltd.com /numismatica/articles/lycian-league.html (721 words)

	The Lycian Way - Turkey, Europe, Europe Travel Stories, Med Europe, Med Europe Travel Stories, Paul Sentobe \| BootsnAll ...
		I chose to walk the Lycian Way, a 500km set of ancient trails extending from Olu Deniz in the West, to Antalya in the East, determined to see Turkish history first hand.
		Although this leads you close to the most densely populated of the tourist destinations, the mostly rural path winds through everything from deserted, inaccessible beaches to literally breathtaking mountains; all peppered with enough ruins and monuments to have any budding archaeologist salivating with historical intrigue.
		Floating in the sea off the coast, I studied the gravity defying Lycian ramparts clinging to the rocky shoreline by their stony fingernails.
	www.bootsnall.com /articles/01-09/the-lycian-way-turkey.html (1355 words)

	Lycia, Turkey and the Ancient Lycians
		Southwest Turkey, along and inland from the popular "Turquoise Coast", was home to the ancient Lycians who were one of the most enigmatic people of antiquity.
		Although little historical record has been left behind them, what has been discovered reveals a fascinating people culturally distinct from the rest of the ancient world.
		Around twenty major sites remain today with the Lycians' unusual funerary architecture dominating the breathtaking unspoiled land of Lycia.
	www.lycianturkey.com (207 words)

	Lycian language
		Lycian language, being the late offspring of Luwian, nevertheless developed some new features in its structure.
		Though the number of analytical forms in increased in Lycian, the general structure of Luwian morphology remained the same, including the nominal declension.
		An interesting feature of Lycian B is the opposition between reduplicated verb stems in the present and single stems of the past tense.
	indoeuro.bizland.com /tree/anat/lycian.html (454 words)

	Swimming in Lycian Turkey - Turkish Daily News May 30, 1997
		The oldest information on the history of the city was found in a Lycian text dating back to the 6th century B.C. There is even certain evidence on this text that there was civilization before this date.
		What the Lycians left behind is now a peaceful paradise where one can leave the routine of daily life and come to terms with the treadmill.
		"Lycian Turkey," the fourth volume of the series about the coasts of Turkey from Alanya to Bergama by George E. Bean has recently been published by Arion Publications.
	www.turkishdailynews.com.tr /archives.php?id=2976 (1476 words)

	Diana crafts plan for Lycian: headquarters for Orange arts
		Goshen — The Lycian Centre in Sugar Loaf might be a "loser" as a theater, but Orange County Executive Edward Diana says making it a countywide hub for community groups and the arts would be a winner.
		He would also open the Lycian for school and senior groups, art exhibits, theater camps and bar mitzvahs, among a long list of ideas.
		In May, Lycian owner Richard Logothetis closed the arts complex, which has two theaters, two galleries and meeting space on eight acres.
	archive.recordonline.com /archive/2002/10/26/nhlycian.htm (514 words)

	The Photography of Nicolas Sapieha: Turkey's Lycian Coast
		We arrived in Kalkan in midday, and drove to Xanthus, Lycian Arnña, the region's chief city in antiquity; the broad valley of the Xanthus River was known for its rich farmland.
		Dedicated to the nymph Leto and her children, Artemis and Apollo, it was the Lycian League's federal sanctuary.
		A 110-line inscription recently found there describes the boundary between the Lycian League and Termessus Minor, a colony of the Pisidian city of Termessus, and specifies fines for border violations.
	cat.he.net /~archaeol/online/features/sapieha/turkey/turkey2.html (1889 words)

	The Lycian Way - Turkey's first long distance footpath.
		This path provides a way to escape the package holiday Turkey and take a look at the country that lies beyond the reach of the majority of tour operators.
		It's marking and mapping have been the result of the work of Kate Clow, a long time resident of Antalya and enthusiastic advocate of the joys of Lycian Turkey.
		She has persuaded sponsors to contribute to the marking out of the route and fought the good fight against the bureaucratic machine to legitimise the trail.
	www.hitit.co.uk /features/lycianway.html (370 words)

	Turkey - west Lycian coast sailing and yacht charter guide - Marmaris, Göçek and Fethiye ports and anchorages - ...
		Lycian coast is named after the many Lycian cities dotted along its shores.
		Herod held that the Lycians came from Crete, yet archaeological finds and other historical show no records of any cultural or political relationship between the two areas.
		In the Lycian society, women were held in high respect.
	www.sailingissues.com /turkey/sailing-west-lycian-coast.html (357 words)

	Trekking In Turkey: The Lycian Way by Kate Clow
		The Lycians were a democratic but independent people, with a unique art style and a high standard of living.
		The Lycian way is a 509 km way-marked footpath around the coast of Lycia in southern Turkey, from Fethiye to Antalya.
		And the ruins of hidden Lycian cities, the friendliness of the villagers, the quaint old houses in deserted corners, the deep forests and white rocks, and the blue Mediterranean.
	www.lycianway.com /LycianWayContent/aboutthewalk.html (343 words)

	Lycian Wicca
		The Lycian Tradition is the result of shamanic initiations undergone "between the worlds" by Boniface.’.
		The Lycian Sanctuary is a non-profit religious organization, which consists of a "Council of Elders" and member covens.
		The "Council of Elders" is in charge of seeing that the integrity of the rituals in the tradition remain intact, that initiators are fully qualified, and manages all funds and properties for use by the tradition’s member covens.
	www.angelfire.com /goth/amethystroze/lycian.html (1409 words)

	USA Turkish Times - Three spring walks on the Lycian Way (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Lycian Way runs down the steep slope to the village of Çukurbağ, reaching the village at the upper mosque, by a spring inset with carved Byzantine stones.
		The Lycians were originally a client state of the Hittite Empire, established in central Anatolia about 1,800 B.C. Pushed southwards by new invaders, they intermixed with Greek settlers and established an artistic, wealthy culture, supplementing farming and fishing with mercenary warfare -- Lycian contingents fought at Troy and Salamis.
		The Lycian peninsula lay almost deserted until the arrival of the Turks in the 15th century.
	www.usaturkishtimes.com /news/art-culture-life/three_spring_walks_on_the_lycian_way (1317 words)

	The Kalkan Website - Lycian Sites Near Kalkan and Other Ancient Sites
		There is no other Lycian site quite like Pinara with its untouched, gorgeous mountain setting of fragrant pines, two thousand year-old olive trees, many wildflowers and herbs and its stunning view of the Xanthos valley.
		The Lycian cult of Leto with its spiritual centre at Letoon was one of the many forms of the wide-spread mother-goddess religion that originated in ancient Anatolia and spread throughout the ancient world.
		Kekova-Simena is a very popular Lycian site, situated upon one of the most attractive spots of the Turkish coast and a day trip here makes for an interesting and very relaxing tour.
	www.kalkanturkey.com /lycian-sites-near-kalkan.htm (1872 words)

	Lycian Wicca FAQ
		A: The title of "High" within the Lycian Tradition means that the individual has not only gone through the three Degrees and been ordained, but has taken someone else to that same level.
		Though individuals may hold this view for themselves, the Lycian Tradition does not teach that we are other than fully human, both physically and our soul.
		The Lycian Tradition adheres to natural law, that being the laws of physics.
	www.seshen.com /WiccanWitch/lycianwiccafaq.html (500 words)

	Holidays in Turkey: archaeology tours, gulet cruises, sailing vacations: Lycia cruise (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Lycian Turkey: a luxurious gulet cruise exploring the archaeology of the Turkish coast.
		Lycian Turkey: a family vacation gulet cruising on the turquoise coast.
		Sailing aboard a luxurious gulet is simply the best way to explore the maritime civilisation of the Lycians.
	www.petersommer.com /lycian.html (451 words)

	LYCIAN INFLUENCE to the INDIAN CAVE TEMPLE
		Although called the "Lycian Kingdom," its actual form in the 4th century B.C. seems to have been a union of city-states, named the "Lycian League." According to Plinius, the league at the time consisted of 36 cities, the largest of which was Xanthos.
		As Lycians were very independent, their region was the last in Anatolia to be placed under the command of the Roman Empire.
		The chaitya caves in India, influenced by the method of Lycian cave tombs and sarcophagi, developed in a big scale, and created an imposing barrel shaped interior space setting semicircular rafters as if it was totally rafter structure, so as to match the hemispherical shape of stupa.
	www.ne.jp /asahi/arc/ind/lycia/liki_eng.htm (6166 words)

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