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	Lydda and Ramle during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lydda and Ramle during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war
		Lydda(Lod) and Ramle were two medium-sized towns located on the important Tel-Aviv—Jerusalem road.
		In the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, the Israel Defense Forces captured them on July 12, 1948 and expelled almost all of the towns' residents, an estimated 40,000 Palestinians, at gunpoint.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lydda_and_Ramle_during_the_1948_Arab-Israeli_war (318 words)

	Sister City Association of Kansas City
		According to the 9th century Arab geographer Ya'qubi, al-Ramla (Ramle) was founded in 716 by the Caliph Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik, and its name was derived from the Arabic Raml – meaning sand.
		Ramle flourished as the capital of Jund Filastin, which was one of the five districts of the ash-Sham (Syrian) province of the Arab-Muslim empire.
		Its economic importance, shared with its near-neighbor Lydda, was based on its location at the intersection of Palestine's two major roads, one linking Egypt with Syria and the other linking Jerusalem with the coast.
	www.kcsistercities.org /israel.htm (342 words)

	Chapter 9: Encyclopedia of the Palestine Problem
		The towns of Lydda and Ramle were thoroughly ransacked and looted by theZionist soldiers.
		The expulsion of the Arab populations of Lydda and Ramle in July 1948 accounted for a full one-tenth of the Arab expellees from Zionist-occupied Palestine during the war for the partition of Palestine.
		The robberies, rapes and murders accompanying the Zionist expulsion of the inhabitants of Lydda and Ramle were not unique, for equivalent crimes took place throughout Palestine.
	www.palestine-encyclopedia.com /EPP/Chapter09_2of2.htm (5799 words)

	Remembering 1948 the way it was
		Also disturbing in his Post article is Morris's claim that the expulsions from Lod and Ramle were ordered by Yitzhak Rabin as part of a dark policy of ethnic cleansing, unjustifiably injecting this emotional term, coined decades later during the Bosnia conflict.
		The vital importance of the capture of these towns was later confirmed by colonel el-Tel of the Arab Legion, who wrote that the fall of Lydda and Ramle marked the end of Arab threats to Tel Aviv and Jerusalem.
		Lydda's leaders were told they could continue to live in peace, provided they surrendered their arms and accepted Israeli sovereignty.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1079465/posts (1366 words)

	Discussion: 86. Lod also Lydea, called also Diospolis - (Lydda, Lud)
		At Lydda the latter activity is attested by a Greek inscription carved on a column, now engaged in a pilaster of the mosque which has replaced the church.
		According to the Calendar of Jerusalem Church the annual feast was held on November 3: it commemorated the dedication of the church and the deposition of the relics (Garitte, Calendrier, 374-375).
		Seemingly he did not come to Lydda, but when he was in Constantinople he heard of a miraculous column at which St. George had been scourged, and which was kept in Diospolis.
	www.christusrex.org /www1/ofm/mad/discussion/086discuss.html (4690 words)

	[No title]
		There was no way of avoiding the use of force and warning shots in order to make the inhabitants march the 10 to 15 miles to the point where they met up with the legion.
		The inhabitants of Lydda must be expelled quickly without attention to age.
		C. Morris, Operation Dani and the Palestinian Exodus from Lydda and Ramle in 1948, The Middle East Journal, 40 (1986) 82-109.
	student.cs.ucc.ie /cs1064/jabowen/IPSC/articles/article0005217.txt (768 words)

	Massacre at Dahmash mosque in al-Lydd (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		After all this, the inhabitants of Lydda and neighboring Ramle were expelled in the infamous "Lydda death march," as a result of which several hundred more probably died.
		For fourth-seven minutes on the evening of 11 July 1948, Dayan and his armoured forces terrorized both the defenders of Lydda and the neighbouring town Ramle, as well as their Arab civilian population.
		In an article titled 'Blitz Tactics Won Lydda,' he wrote that as the Israeli vehicles surged through the town, 'practically everything in their way died.' [1] Not all the casualties were members of the Arab Legion that was defending the town.
	student.cs.ucc.ie /cs1064/jabowen/IPSC/php/bigDB.php?eid=244 (959 words)

	Lydda - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Find newspaper and magazine articles plus images and maps related to "Lydda" at HighBeam.
		The legacy of Lydda: four decades of blood vengeance.
		Lydda and Ramle: from Palestinian-Arab to Israeli towns, 1948-67.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-x-lydda.html (160 words)

	The Massacares
		In retaliation for a hand grenade attack after the surrender that killed several Israeli soldiers, 80-100 Palestinians were massacred in the mosque, their bodies lay decomposing for 10 days in the midsummer heat.
		This massacre spread fear and panic among the Arab population of Lydda and Ramle, who were then ordered to march out of these towns after they were stripped of all personal belonging by Israeli soldiers.
		The massacre was perpetrated by the 89th Battalion, the authors of Lydda massacre.
	web.ics.purdue.edu /~fop/pages/massacare.html (1599 words)

	In '48, Israel Did What It Had to Do
		On July 12, 1948, Israeli soldiers battling the Arab Legion and local irregulars in the towns of Lydda and Ramle, just south of Tel Aviv, were ordered to empty the two towns of their Arab residents.
		Yitzhak Rabin, were an element of the partial ethnic cleansing that rid Israel of the majority of its Arab inhabitants at the very moment of its birth.
		Which leads the historian to wonder whether, had 1948 ended differently — with the total separation of the two peoples and the creation of a Palestinian state in what is today Jordan — both peoples would have enjoyed richer and freer lives.
	www.palestinefacts.org /morris_latimes_1948.htm (1152 words)

	About OPEN HOUSE
		The origins of the OPEN HOUSE peace center in Ramle, Israel, lie in the pain and the hope that are the contradictory forces at work in the Israeli-Palestinian tragedy.
		Dalia Landau (born Ashkenazi) arrived in Ramle at the age of 11 months when, in late 1948, her family emigrated to Israel from Bulgaria together with 50,000 other Jews from that Balkan country.
		Dalia's family settled in one such house in Ramle, and years later her father bought the property from the state.
	www.openhramle.co.il /english/healing.shtml.htm (1783 words)

	Cleansing Lydda & Ramla, Zionist Quotes
		Upon Lydda's and Ramla's occupation on July 11-12, 1948, the Israelis were surprised to find that over 60,000 Palestinian civilians didn't flee their homes.
		Based on Rabin's personal account of events, the decision to ethnically cleanse the two cities was not an easy one, however, that did not stop him from giving a similar order, 19 years later, to ethnically cleanse and destroy the villages of 'Imwas, Yalu, and Bayt Nuba.
		All the Israelis who witnessed the events agreed that the expulsion of the inhabitants of Lydda and Ramle, under the hot July sun, was an extended episode of suffering for the Palestinian refugees, especially those from Lydda.
	www.palestineremembered.com /Acre/Famous-Zionist-Quotes/Story739.html (1701 words)

	Massacres Against Palestinians (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		In retaliation for a hand grenade attack after the surrender that killed several Israeli soldiers, over one hundred Palestinians were massacred in the mosque, their bodies lay decomposing for 10 days in the mid-summer heat.
		This massacre spread fear and panic among the Palestinian population of Lydda and Ramle, who were then ordered to march out of these towns after they were stripped of all personal belonging by Zionist soldiers.
		Another soldier prided himself on having raped an Arab women before shooting her to death...." The massacre was perpetrated by the 89th Battalion, the authors of Lydda massacre.
	www.missionislam.com /nwo/savages.htm (1822 words)

	Deir Yassin
		Implement Immediately.' A similar order was issued at the same time to the Kiryati Brigade concerning the inhabitants of the neighboring town of Ramle, occupied by Kiryati troops that morning...
		On 12 and 13 July, the Yaftah brigades carried out their orders, expelling the 50-60,000 remaining inhabitants of and refugees camped in and around the two towns....
		Lydda's inhabitants were forced to walk eastward to the Arab legion lines; many of Ramle's inhabitants were ferried in trucks or buses.
	www.cactus48.com /deiryassin.html (1126 words)

	AMEU : The Link Archives
		The legacy of injustices between conquerors and conquered — catalogued at Camp David II as borders, refugees, settlements and Jerusalem — must sooner or later be morally and legally confronted, confessed and corrected.” more...
		The Lydda Death March by Audeh G. Rantisi and Charles Amash
		On July 12 [1948] Ramle and Lydda were occupied by Zionist forces and a curfew was imposed.
	www.ameu.org /yeararchives.asp?volume=33 (336 words)

	Israel Talks of a New Exodus
		One point is beyond any doubt: Ben-Gurion viewed the mass expulsion of Arab civilians as a viable option, a policy instrument to be used or set aside as circumstances suggested.
		In the case of Lydda and Ramle, he perceived the presence of a large Arab population near Tel Aviv and on the main route to Jerusalem as a strategic irritant.
		The general whose forces occupied Lydda and Ramle in 1948, the late Yigal Allon, was also a major figure in the Labor Party.
	www.theunjustmedia.com /israel_talks_of_a_new_exodus.htm (2647 words)

	Palestine, Israel and the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Primer-Page 5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		There are several well-documented cases of mass expulsions during and after the military operations of 1948-49 and massacres and atrocities that led to large-scale Arab flight.
		The best-known instance of mass expulsion is that of the 50,000 Arabs of the towns of Lydda and Ramle.
		The most infamous atrocity occurred at Deir Yasin, a village near Jerusalem, where estimates of the number of Arab residents killed in cold blood by Israeli fighters range from about 125 to over 250.
	www.merip.org /palestine-israel_primer/pal-refugee-citizen-pal-is.html (1174 words)

	abunimah.org-Letter to NPR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		For sure many fled, but many hundreds of thousands were expelled, and this is the key unacknowledged part of the story.
		We should believe Yitzhak Rabin, who in his lifetime recounted how, with the blessing of Ben-Gurion, he personally oversaw the violent expulsion of the 50,000 residents of the towns of Lydda and Ramle.
		And also for example, Israeli "new" historian Benny Morris recounts in his seminal work based on Zionist archives that "On February 5 [1948], Ben-Gurion ordered the new [Haganah] OC to conquer Arab districts and to settle Jews in the conquered Arab districts." (Morris, 1987, p.
	www.abunimah.org /nprletters/990128oconnor.html (284 words)

	Political Diaries of the Arab World Palestine and Jordan 1920-1965, Archive Editions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		District Commissioner's Offices, Lydda District, Lydda, Lydda (Urban), and Ramle reports for fortnight ended 18 November 1939
		District Commissioner's Offices, Lydda District, 13 January 1940, enclosing reports for fortnight ended 13 January 1940, from Lydda, Urban and Ramle divisions
		District Commissioner's Offices, Lydda District, enclosing reports for fortnight ended 27 January 1940, from Urban and Ramle divisions
	www.archiveeditions.co.uk /Leafcopy/735-2fullconts5.html (3627 words)

	abunimah.org-Letter to NPR
		A large bulk of them were forcibly expelled, and many others were actively terrorized by Haganah, and other Jewish forces with the intent to induce them to flee.
		If there is doubt about the exact details of what happened at Tantura, there is no doubt in hundreds of other cases, not least the cities of Lydda and Ramle whose 50,000 residents were forcibly expelled under the direction of Yitzhak Rabin, on the orders of Ben Gurion.
		By failing to mention this broader context, the listener who doesn't know any of this is left to judge the broader historical issues only on the basis of one hotly contested case where, unlike in other well-documented cases, the evidence rests mostly on the word of the accused Israelis against the surviving Palestinians.
	www.abunimah.org /nprletters/000130tantura.html (721 words)

	Letter Author: Publicola - Salon
		[W]ith [Israeli's premier founding father David] Ben-Gurion's authorization, the [Israeli] troops expelled the inhabitants of Lydda and Ramle and drove them toward the Legion lines to the east.
		[I]n July and October-November 1948, about three hundred thousand more Arabs became refugees, including the sixty thousand inhabitants of Lydda and Ramle who were expelled by IDF [Israeli] troops...
		Most of the exodus at this time was due to clear, direct causes, including brutal expulsions and deliberate harassment.
	letters.salon.com /3d4108b023e4f1d471b846c1fc59edb6/author/index2.html (628 words)

	Crimes Of War Project > The Book
		The atrocities did not stop at killings; many Arab villagers and townspeople were expelled from their homes by conquering Jewish units.
		The largest of these expulsions took place in the towns of Lydda and Ramle on July 12 and 13, when upward of fifty thousand people were dispatched onto roads eastward.
		In retrospect, it is clear that what occurred in 1948 in Palestine was a variety of ethnic cleansing of Arab areas by Jews.
	www.crimesofwar.org /thebook/arab-israeli-war.html (3121 words)

	Friends of OPEN HOUSE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The third, Christian, corner of the "Abrahamic triangle" is embodied in the director of OPEN HOUSE, Michail Fanous.
		Both aims are served through his position on the Ramle City Council to which he has been elected three times.
		The same year, Jewish families came to Ramle and the rest of Israel.
	www.friendsofopenhouse.org /article7.cfm (2455 words)

	Paul Bogdanor: Chomsky’s War Against Israel
		Elsewhere Chomsky refers to “the massacre of 250 civilians” at Lydda and Ramle, an allegation promoted by left-wing “revisionist” historians and long since discredited.
		78; Alon Kadish, Avraham Sela and Arnon Golan, Kibush Lod, 1948 [Hebrew: The Conquest of Lydda, 1948], Tel Aviv, 2000).
		The figure of 250 dead was the number of Arab casualties reported by the local Israeli commander after the suppression of an armed rebellion; Arab rumors initially claimed that 3,000 had been massacred.
	www.acpr.org.il /ENGLISH-NATIV/04-issue/bogdanor-4.htm (5769 words)

	The Peel Commission Report
		An enclave should be demarcated extending from a point north of Jerusalem to a point south of Bethlehem, and access to the sea should be provided by a corridor extending to the north of the main road and to the south of the railway, including the towns Lydda and Ramle, and terminating at Jaffa.
		The protection of the Holy Places is a permanent trust, unique in its character and purpose, and not contemplated by Article 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations.
		It then cuts across the Beisan Plain and runs along the southern edge of the Valley of Jezreel and across the Plain of Esdraelon to a point near Megiddo, whence it crosses the Carmel ridge in the neighbourhood of the Megiddo road.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/History/peel1.html (9894 words)

	ReadingGroupGuides.com - Strangers in the House by Raja Shehadeh
		When I opened the door I found my close friend Dr. Bishara standing there, looking very haggard and exhausted.
		He had refused to leave Jaffa with us and instead had moved to Lydda to continue serving patients.
		I was shocked to see him standing there so late at night.
	www.readinggroupguides.com /guides3/strangers_in_the_house3.asp (2176 words)

	The Origin of the Palestine-Israel Conflict
		Official circles implicitly concede that the Arab population fled as a result of Israeli action — whether directly, as in the case of Lydda and Ramleh, or indirectly, due to the panic that and similar actions (the Deir Yassin massacre) inspired in Arab population centers throughout Palestine.
		In some cases, this expulsion was accompanied by massacres [of civilians] as was the case in Lydda, Ramleh, Dawimiyya, Sa’sa, Ein Zietun and other places.
		Expulsion also was accompanied by rape, looting and confiscation [of Palestinian land and property]...
	www.ifamericansknew.org /history/origin.html (12285 words)

	seattle.indymedia.org
		The Rabin account involves two Arab towns, Ramle and Lydda, now called
		experience: the fate of the civilian population of Lod and Ramle,
		The inhabitants of Lydda must be expelled quickly without attention
	seattle.indymedia.org /en/2004/02/238599.shtml (2708 words)

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