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Topic: Lynch mobs

	Lynching - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lynching is a term loosely applied to various forms of violence, usually murder, conceived by its perpetrators as extra-legal punishment of offenders by a summary procedure, ignoring, or even contrary to, the strict forms of law, notably execution, or used as a terrorist method of enforcing social domination.
		Lynch Law—a form of mob violence and putative justice, usually involving (but by no means restricted to) the illegal hanging of suspected criminals—cast its pall over the Southern United States from the mid-19th to the mid-20th centuries.
		Yet the socio-political impact of lynchings could be significant, as illustrated by the restoration in 1901 of capital punishment in the state of Colorado (which had abolished it only in 1897) as the result of a lynching outbreak in 1900.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lynching (1904 words)

	Meatball Wiki: LynchMob
		Lynch mobs are typically, not surprisingly, viewed by the targets as unjustified or out-of-proportion attacks, comparable to ye olde peasants with pitchforks and torches converging on Frankenstein's castle.
		The original lynch mobs were a phenomenon of the American south, beginning at the end of the U.S. Civil war occuring with declining frequency up until the civil rights era of the 1960s.
		Law enforcement and the courts turned a blind eye to the murderous behavior of the lynch mob in the early days of the emancipation, and it was not until the end of the civil rights era that such activity came fully to a close.
	www.usemod.com /cgi-bin/mb.pl?LynchMob (2868 words)

	Lynching
		It is unlikely that Specter meant to evoke the actual lynch mobs roaming the streets of Washington D.C. for four days during the “Red Summer” of 1919, attacking African-Americans in a frenzy whipped up by racism, anti-communism, fears of joblessness, and post-war jingoism.
		Fourteen years after Thomas transformed “lynching” into a personal metaphor dependent upon his fl skin, a political “lynch mob” can be said to descend on an elite, white, Christian woman (a seemingly unlikely lynching victim) for the “crime” of not being far enough to the right.
		And…that mob, that had already killed two human beings, those hands became soft and kind and tender, and they took that rope off my neck, and allowed me to stumble back to the jail, which was just a half a block away.
	www.americanlynching.com /DavisAsen.htm (1985 words)

	History of Lynching in the United States, Jana Evans Braziel
		During these years we may estimate that there were 2,018 separate incidents of lynching in which at least 2,462 African-American men, women and children met their deaths in the grasp of southern mobs, comprised mostly of whites.
		Although lynchings and mob killings occurred before 1880, notably during early Reconstruction when fls were enfranchised, radical racism and mob violence peaked during the 1890s in a surge of terrorism that did not dissipate until well into the twentieth century" (17).
		From the zenith reached during the "bloody '90s," the number of fls killed by lynch mobs began a protracted decline over the next three decades, reaching a nadir of fewer than ten victims annually in 1928 and 1929" (29).
	www.umass.edu /complit/aclanet/ACLAText/USLynch.html (640 words)

	Handbook of Texas Online:
		Lynching is the illegal killing of a person under the pretext of service to justice, race, or tradition.
		Immediately after Reconstruction, lynch law evidently declined somewhat, but it soon increased again, and began to be characterized by events in which mobs removed victims from legal custody, sometimes with the cooperation of legal authorities.
		The heaviest concentration of mob activity was along the Brazos River from Waco to the Gulf of Mexico, where eleven counties accounted for 20 percent of all lynch mobs.
	www.tsha.utexas.edu /handbook/online/articles/LL/jgl1.html (1081 words)

	Nell Irvin Painter - Articles: Who Was Lynched
		Any American with a sense of history understood the connotations of Thomas’s claim that he was a lynch victim, casting the fourteen white men of the Senate Judiciary Committee as his lynch mob.
		Since figures began to be kept in 1882, 82 percent of lynchings have occurred in the South, where 84 percent of its victims were fl and 95 percent male.
		Its three emblematic figures are the white woman (the rape victim), the fl man (the lynch victim) and the white man (the avenger of the white woman and the fl man's murderer).
	www.nellpainter.com /nell/cv/articles/32_WhoWasLynched.html (923 words)

	Submitted to ITVS February 14
		Lynchings could be hideous spectacles conducted in a festive atmosphere attended by churchgoing people – or clandestine affairs conducted in the dark of night.
		In 1905, James Elbert Cutler observed, “Lynching is a criminal practice that is peculiar to the United States.” While this may be more accurate as a description of lynch mobs, to study lynching is to witness firsthand how the very strengths of America are also the seeds of her weakness.
		Put another way, lynching in America is a story about “Us versus the Other,” or more specifically, the abuse of power by a free yet conforming majority whose political agendas, racist beliefs, and fear and ignorance led them to commit or condone atrocities against fellow citizens who didn’t fit their definition of valued human beings.
	www.americanlynching.com /ITVS.htm (564 words)

	Chesnutt in the Classroom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The whole lynching scene was described very vividly, with one man who was bound to hang someone because he had just bought a new rope and he wanted to use it.
		Lynch was a Colonel during the Revolutionary War who tried and punished the "Tories" after the was with no legal jurisdiction.
		Lynching victims were accused with a wide variety of charges most of which were not deserving of death.
	www.chesnuttarchive.org /classroom/lynching.html (702 words)

	(Cite as: 8 Yale J
		However, the South's primary justification for lynching, that lynching was a necessary response to the rape of white women by fl men, is at odds with the actual facts.
		A single lynching occurred during his administration, and in that case the state brought proceedings against the sheriff and the circuit solicitor for failure to do their sworn duties, prompting both to resign from office.
		A recent study of Kentucky lynchings shows that rape or attempted rape of a white woman was the reported motive for approximately 33% of the lynchings of fls.
	www.soc.umn.edu /~samaha/cases/smith_lynching_feminism.html (18137 words)

	Michael Asimow: Lynch Mobs in Trial Movies
		Lynch mobs were a very real part of the American "justice" system for many decades, and they make for powerful cinema.
		Lincoln, a lynch mob forms to kill a couple of brothers who are suspected of murdering a man at a county fair.
		Even better lynch mob scenes appear in two fascinating trial films which unfortunately have yet to be released on video--They Won't Forget (1937) and Trial (1955).
	www.usfca.edu /pj/articles/LynchMobs.htm (670 words)

	Where lynching still lives - The Boston Globe - Boston.com - Op-ed - News
		ALTHOUGH THE US Senate has apologized to the victims of lynchings that occurred in the United States during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, US-backed policies in Latin America are today contributing to a new rash of lynching violence that claims hundreds of lives each year.
		Unlike southern US lynchings, which to a large extent were efforts to reinforce a dying antebellum racist social order, today's lynchings in Bolivia and elsewhere are, perversely, efforts at crime prevention.
		Rather than an antiquated practice or an expression of innate savagery, lynching today is a fully modern response to problems of insecurity created by mounting poverty, rising crime, corruption, and the failure of official justice.
	www.boston.com /news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2005/06/22/where_lynching_still_lives (712 words)

	Facts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Lynching can be defined as an act of mob violence against an individual or individuals.
		Lynch mobs were generally white, and often included women and children as spectators.
		Regardless of the cause of a particular lynching, there were always those who defended it by the insistence that unless Negroes were lynched, no white woman would be safe, this despite the fact that only one-sixth of the persons lynched in the last thirty years were even accused of rape.
	www.georgetown.edu /users/mmm43/ffh.htm (1520 words)

	The politics of lynching - Salon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Presidents, attorneys general and federal officials wailed that their hands were tied, because it was the job of the states to prosecute the lynch murderers.
		By contrast, the White House and Congress did not bat an eye in passing and enforcing legislation that widened the jurisdiction and broadened the power of the FBI and the Justice Department to prosecute crimes such as bank robbery, kidnapping, illegal weapons violations and carjacking.
		The hideous legacy of the near-century-long federal hands-off policy toward lynching is the current reluctance of U.S. officials to vigorously prosecute racially motivated hate crimes, let alone police violence, against fls and Latinos.
	dir.salon.com /news/feature/2000/08/31/lynching/index.html (976 words)

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		Lynchings were becoming a popular way of resolving some of the anger that whites had in relation to the free fls.
		Of the lynching that did not take place in the South, mainly in the West, were normally lynchings of whites, not fls.
		Most of the lynching in the West came from the lynching of either murders or cattle thief's.
	www.members.tripod.com /maddogx_78/lynching.html (1077 words)

	Lynching exhibit shocks students \| The San Diego Union-Tribune
		Maybe the worst was how the white lynch mobs wiped out entire families, then incinerated their mutilated corpses in the perverse belief they could prevent those slain souls from rising to heaven.
		It displays replicas of souvenirs taken from dozens of the estimated 4,600 race-based lynchings in America since 1880 – souvenirs such as the postcards that lynch mobs made to send to loved ones, so proud were they of their place in history.
		Ernest's shirt was small, like many in the exhibit its size underscoring how mobs attacked even the most defenseless – sometimes while local white children were taken out of school to watch, as if it were a holiday.
	www.signonsandiego.com /uniontrib/20041009/news_7m9lynch.html (988 words)

	Afrocentricnews (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Rather than risk alienating politically powerful Southern state officials and jeopardize votes and legislative support, they rationalized their hands-off policy toward lynching with a narrow and rigid interpretation of the federalist doctrine of separation of state and national power.
		By contrast the White House and Congress did not bat an eye in passing and enforcing legislation that widened the jurisdiction and broadened the power of the FBI and the Justice Department to prosecute crimes such as bank robbery, kidnapping, illegal weapons violations and car jacking.
		The hideous legacy of the near century long hands off federal policy toward lynching is the current reluctance of federal officials to vigorously prosecute racially motivated hate crimes, let alone police violence, against fls and Latinos.
	www.afrocentricnews.com:16080 /html/ofari_lynching_secrets.html (822 words)

	Lynching
		Lynching is the illegal execution of an accused person by a mob.
		She continued her campaign against lynching and Jim Crow laws and in 1893 and 1894 made lecture tours of Britain.
		This swelling wave of lynch murders and mob assaults against Negro men and women represents the ultimate limit of bestial brutality to which the enemies of democracy, be they German-Nazis or American Ku Kluxers, are ready to go in imposing their will.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /USAlynching.htm (5176 words)

	Lynch mobs run wild on Bethlehem's streets : SF Indymedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Lynching photographs by Palestinians militia in Bethlehem previously posted on indy are contextualized by this report of lynchings.
		Posted in fair use to educate on the lynchings and dispute the hatred towards Palestinians and misinformation accompanying photographs.
		Unless otherwise stated by the author, all content is free for non-commercial reuse, reprint, and rebroadcast, on the net and elsewhere.
	sf.indymedia.org /mail.php?id=118723&comments=yes (756 words)

	Dynamist Blog: LYNCH MOBS
		The picture is remarkably similar to the ones we saw last week from Fallujah, or those we saw nearly 11 years ago from Mogadishu.
		Mobs reduce human nature to its lowest common denominator, whether American, Iraqi or Somali.
		Lynching is most often an effort to frighten and sway a more sensible, decent mainstream.
	www.dynamist.com /weblog/archives/000980.html (718 words)

	The Partial Observer - Laws Keep Civilized People Out of Lynch Mobs
		One of the classical examples of lynching was the stoning of Stephen in the Bible.
		Unjust, tragic, and sad, of course, unless you were one of the Hebrew lynch mob, then according to them – it was entirely justified.
		Possibly, it has – mainly because it is not filtered through the justice system and the lynch mob gets instant gratification whether the victim is guilty or not.
	www.partialobserver.com /article.cfm?id=1471 (1085 words)

	Stop Persecution of Haitian Workers in the Dominican Republic!
		In addition, at least a score of fls have been murdered by lynch mobs, many of them hacked to death with machetes or burned to death by dousing them with gasoline and setting them afire.
		This combination of government repression and lynch mob violence awakened fears of a repeat of the 1937 massacre staged by Dominican dictator Rafael Leónidas Trujillo, when an estimated 37,000 Haitians and fl Dominicans were rounded up at gunpoint and executed, often by machetes (to give the impression that peasants had committed the murders).
		Mobs descended on the Haitian neighborhoods bent on wreaking vengeance: several fls were beaten, another drowned in a river fleeing attackers.
	www.internationalist.org /haitiandominicanpersecution0601.html (3378 words)

	USATODAY.com - Photo prank using leash stirs chilling memories (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Also lost, it seems, is the fact that for far too many fls, the imagery of the lynch mob is not just a thing of the past.
		She knows that while her son's school might have insulated him from the real world beyond its walls, the racism that spawned the lynch mobs of the 20th century continues to fester in this country.
		Too many fls died at the end of a lynch mob's noose for her son to be seen in his school's yearbook with a leather strap around his neck and a grinning white person on the other end — no matter how harmless the intent.
	www.usatoday.com /news/opinion/editorials/2005-05-22-opcom_x.htm (768 words)

	The Lynching of Leo Frank by Denise Noe
		Lynching was common in the American West before formal legal institutions became established.
		The South was the other major area for ''lynch law.'' Lynching was not always associated with racism but the very word would eventually conjure up the image of an accused African-American strung up by an angry, white Southern mob.
		Of the more than 300 persons hanged or burned by mobs between 1840 and 1860, fewer than 10% were fl.'' However, protecting the slave system was often at issue as mobs set upon white abolitionists for aiding escaping fl slaves.
	www.crimemagazine.com /05/leofrank,0314-5.htm (5306 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: Legacy of Violence: Lynch Mobs and Executions in Minnesota: Books: John D. Bessler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Through personal accounts of those involved with the events, Bessler traces the history of both famous and lesser-known executions and lynchings in Minnesota, the state's anti-death penalty and anti-lynching movements, and the role of the media in the death penalty debate.
		He tells the story of the 1920 lynching in Duluth of three African-American circus workers-wrongfully accused of rape-and the anti-lynching crusade that followed.
		Presents a comprehensive history of lynchings and state-sanctioned executions in Minnesota.
	www.amazon.co.uk /Legacy-Violence-Lynch-Executions-Minnesota/dp/081663811X (536 words)

	Angry in the Great White North (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Or a lynch mob, which suggests control by a demogague figure.
		Michael J. Totten likens the descriptions of bloggers in the main stream media to that of the zippy-fast zombies from the recent Dawn of the Dead remake.
		The defenders of the health of the body of knowledge, not the furious lynch mob out for revenge.
	angrygwn.blogspot.com /2005/02/lynch-mobs-no-more-like-antibodies.html (731 words)

	deseretnews.com \| Lynch mobs Bolts in Broncs' win
		Brees hurt his right shoulder late in the second quarter when he dropped back to pass in his own end zone and was blindsided by the blitzing Lynch, who hacked at his right arm.
		With less than six minutes to play in the third quarter, Rivers dropped back into his own end zone, rolled left, was hit by Lynch and fumbled.
		On the same play, Lynch's legs whipped out and hit Tomlinson, but the running back stayed in the game.
	deseretnews.com /dn/view/0,1249,635173196,00.html (685 words)

	Political Animal: Comment on Salivating Lynch Mobs
		The point is that the salivating lynch mob of bloggers is but a training ground for these vicious memes.
		This wasn't one, of course, but a lynch mob is a lynch mob regardless of the innocence or guilt of the victim.
		And while it's close to a mob mentality, the media can be self-correcting by re-establishing simple ethics and standards and since they choose not to -- see any edition of the Daily Howler for documentation -- then their ripe, arrogant, compromised, unfactual assertions should be scrutinized by outside forces.
	www.washingtonmonthly.com /mt/mt-comments.cgi?entry_id=5650 (13866 words)

	The Volokh Conspiracy - Lynch Mobs and Persuasion Bunches:
		Now I realize that "lynch mob" is figurative, and hyperbole at that.
		Maybe if a persuasion bunch tries to persuade people by using factual falsehoods, they could be faulted on those grounds (though that too has little to do with lynch mobs).
		But I've seen no evidence that their criticisms were factually unfounded, or that Jordan quit because of any factual errors in the criticisms.
	volokh.com /posts/1108422226.shtml (534 words)

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