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	Lyon Playfair, 1st Baron Playfair - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Born at Chunar, Bengal, son of the Inspector General of Hospitals in that region, Playfair was educated at the University of St Andrews, the Andersonian Institute in Glasgow, and the University of Edinburgh.
		Appointed CB that same year, Playfair also became Gentleman Usher to Prince Albert, and in 1853 was appointed Secretary of the Department of Science, in which capacity he advocated the use of poison gas against the Russians in the Crimean War.
		In 1868, Playfair was elected Liberal Member of Parliament for the Universities of Edinburgh and St Andrews, being made Postmaster General in Gladstone's government in 1873.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lyon_Playfair (553 words)

	Sir Lyon Playfair's Logic by William J. Collins, M.D., B.S., B.Sc. (Lond)
		Sir Lyon Playfair's Logic by William J. Collins, M.D., B.S., B.Sc.
		of successful vaccinations to births, for in 1872 (the first year of Sir Lyon Playfair's last period) this was 82.6, whereas in the previous year it was 8.4; so that the improvement in the Act did not tend in the direction of increase of the rate per cent.
		Sir Lyon says they are (his argument would be worthless were it otherwise).
	www.whale.to /a/collins.html (3907 words)

	Playfair Cipher
		The Playfair Cipher was invented by the physicist Sir Charles Wheatstone (1802-1875) in 1854.
		Note that the term Playfair Code is not strictly appropriate as codes involve substitution at the level of words; 'cipher' is used for a letter by letter substitution.
		Playfair Crossword by Beetlejuice is an example puzzle using Playfair as a gimmick.
	www.bryson.ltd.uk /cgi-bin/playfair (404 words)

	Amazon.com: Twin Telepathy: The Psychic Connection: Books: Guy Lyon Playfair (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Guy Lyon Playfair is a distinguished psychical researcher and writer who has participated in a number of investigations of paranormal phenomena, the best known being of a poltergeist that caused all kinds of bizarre manifestations in a house in Enfield, north London.
		Playfair's study of the literature, both experimental and anecdotal, about telepathy led him to believe that the best conditions for telepathy involve situations where there is a strong emotional component, such as danger to the so-called "sender" of a telepathic impression, or when the "sender" and "receiver" are closely related to one another.
		Playfair also discovered a handful of surveys and studies of identical twins, some of which are suggestive of twin telepathy, although he candidly acknowledges that most of them are far from methodologically ideal.
	www.amazon.com /Twin-Telepathy-Guy-Lyon-Playfair/dp/1843336863 (1878 words)

	Making the Modern World - Lyon Playfair
		Playfair studied medicine in Scotland and chemistry in Giessen, where he made his name under Justus von Liebig.
		In 1868 Playfair was elected to parliament, starting a long career of sterling work on government committees, including public health, the Irish potato famine and the reform of the Civil Service.
		Playfair spent his life fulfilling the role of a government scientist, promoting scientific and technical education and encouraging industry to make use of scientific advances.
	www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk /people/BG.0133 (171 words)

	Playfair Cipher - █ FURTHER READING:
		The Playfair cipher is a method of cryptography invented in 1854 by English physicist Sir Charles Wheatstone (1802–1875).
		The encryption method was named for Wheatstone's friend, Lyon Playfair, who helped popularize the cipher by successfully lobbying for its official adoption by the British government.
		The Playfair is a block cipher that disguises a message by substituting each pair of letters in the plaintext with a secondary pair of letters.
	www.espionageinfo.com /Pa-Po/Playfair-Cipher.html (369 words)

	Lyon Playfair, 1st Baron Playfair biography .ms (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Lyon Playfair, 1st Baron Playfair, GCB, FRS (May 1, 1818) - (May 29, 1898) was a Scottish scientist and Parliamentarian.
		After returning to Britain, Playfair became manager of a calico works in Primrose, near Clitheroe, and in 1843 was appointed Professor of Chemistry at the Royal Institution, Manchester.
		The Playfair cipher is named for him, even if invented by Charles Wheatstone.
	www.biography.ms.cob-web.org:8888 /Lyon_Playfair,_1st_Baron_Playfair.html (451 words)

	The Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh - James Young Simpson papers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Letter to J.Y.S. from Lyon Playfair expressing his support in a petition to remove the patronage of the University Chairs from the Town Council.
		Letter to Lyon Playfair from Professor Thomas Graham supplying him with a testimonial in his application for the Chair of Chemistry in Edinburgh.
		Letter to J.Y.S. from Lyon Playfair concerning Simpson's previous letters and his desire to be released from his pledge to support Mr.
	www.rcsed.ac.uk /site/PID=2572005133725/761/default.aspx (1503 words)

	Spiritists (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Playfair devotes his first chapter to Chico Xavier, noting that he was a prolific writer.
		Playfair was not a total beleiver; he considered himself a researcher, but his physical problem was getting worse and he'd gotten no relief.
		As Playfair says in his book: “The more advanced the medium, the better the phenomena are likely to be though not necessarily the most spectacular.
	www.theseekerbooks.com /articles/spiritists.htm (4186 words)

	Koestler’s Legacy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Long-time psychic researcher and SPR member, Guy Lyon Playfair, author of many books including This House is Haunted: Investigation of the Enfield Poltergeist (1980) and Twin Telepathy (2003), is characteristically blunt in his views.
		Parker and Playfair both single out biologist and author Rupert Sheldrake (pictured left) as a researcher who is attempting to put psychical research back in the hands of the people.
		Playfair reminds us that this was intended by its founders to stimulate psychical research rather than academic parapsychology, and in his view the Perrott-Warrick funding has too often gone to academic researchers he feels are sceptics.
	www.forteantimes.com /articles/201_koestler4.shtml (1180 words)

	Science and Society Picture Library - Search
		Lyon Playfair, Baron St Andrews, Scottish chemist and politician, c 1870.
		Lyon Playfair, Baron St Andrews, Scottish chemist and politician, c 1850.
		Lyon Playfair, Baron St Andrews, Scottish chemist and politician, 1875.
	www.scienceandsociety.co.uk /results.asp?txtkeys1=LYON (111 words)

	Twin Telepathy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In 'Twin Telepathy: The Psychic Connection', Guy Lyon Playfair has produced an overwhelming body of evidence indicating that there is indeed a special connection between twins.
		Playfair also makes a bold attempt to provide a new way of looking at the mystery of telepathy.
		Indeed, as he explains in clear, nontechnical language, scientists may already have come close to solving the mystery of the twin connection - and telepathy in general - without realizing it.
	www.dprogram.com /twin_telepathy.html (1437 words)

	Astrology / Jonathan Cainer / Astrology Answers
		According to Playfair, telepathy works across an ‘empathy field’ formed between those with strong emotional bonds, most commonly twins, mothers and babies, and dogs and their owners.
		Playfair advances the theory that twins who were literally entangled until birth are communicating beyond the four dimensions according to a similar principle.
		Guy Lyon Playfair is the author of Twin Telepathy: The Psychic Connection - click here to order (Vega, £9.99).
	www.digitalzodiac.com /markwinter/apr28.html (401 words)

	LYON PLAYFAIR PLAYFAIR - Online Information article about LYON PLAYFAIR PLAYFAIR
		LYON PLAYFAIR PLAYFAIR - Online Information article about LYON PLAYFAIR PLAYFAIR
		On his retirement from the post he was made K.C.B.
		In 1892 he was created Baron Playfair of St Andrews, and a little later was appointed See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /PIG_POL/PLAYFAIR_LYON_PLAYFAIR.html (758 words)

	Dr Lyon Playfair
		Playfair was one of the most distinguished scientists of the Victorian period and devised a way of dividing the Exhibition contents into 30 classes.
		In the summer of 1850, he helped promote the Exhibition in the British regions when enthusiasm was waning there.
		Playfair advised Prince Albert on scientific matters and was actively involved in the promotion of science in education.
	www.vam.ac.uk /vastatic/microsites/british_galleries/explore_exhibition/level3/ex03_l3_32.html (101 words)

	NOVA Online \| Decoding Nazi Secrets \| The Playfair Cipher
		In 1854, Sir Charles Wheatstone invented the cipher known as "Playfair," named for his friend Lyon Playfair, first Baron Playfair of St. Andrews, who popularized and promoted the cipher.
		When Lt. John F. Kennedy's PT-109 was sunk by a Japanese cruiser in the Solomon Islands, for instance, he made it to shore on Japanese-controlled Plum Pudding Island and was able to send an emergency message in Playfair from an A llied coast-watcher's hut to arrange the rescue of the survivors from his crew.
		To encipher a message in Playfair, pick a keyword and write it into a five-by-five square, omitting repeated letters and combining I and J in one cell.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/decoding/playfair.html (497 words)

	Welcome to the British Golf Museum Official Website!
		Opposite the entrance to the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews and overlooking the 18th green of the Old Course stands an elegant memorial fountain dedicated to Lyon, 1st Baron Playfair of St Andrews (1818-1898).
		Forgotten through time, or confused with his better-known uncle Hugh Lyon Playfair, this new publication recalls the life and achievements of Lyon, a worthy Victorian gentleman.
		Lyon Playfair was rewarded with a peerage in 1892 and chose for his seat St Andrews, the town with which his family had long been associated.
	www.britishgolfmuseum.co.uk /a_memorial_on_the_links.htm (186 words)

	Beetroot, Beeton and Playfair -- Julian Barnes Discussion Board
		But native puritanism kicked in at some subsequent point: this is a vegetable which naturally tastes nice and sweet, so let's make it taste nasty and sour.
		because Dr Lyon Playfair is a distant ancestor.
		Mrs Beeton offers only two ways >of treating it - pickling and boiling; though she >also does cite Dr Lyon Playfair's unexciting recipe >for cheapo brown bread made by rasping down the root >and mixing it with an equal amount of flour." > >because Dr Lyon Playfair is a distant ancestor.
	www.voy.com /43869/723.html (387 words)

	Playfair - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Playfair is a surname, and may refer to
		Lyon Playfair, 1st Baron Playfair (1818–1898), promoter of the Playfair cipher, manual symmetric encryption technique
		Playfair cipher - a manual encryption technique invented in 1854 by Charles Wheatstone
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Playfair (172 words)

	Skeptical Investigations - Playfair Page
		Guy Lyon Playfair is probably best known for the investigation of the Enfield Poltergeist, as he recorded in This House is Haunted in 1980.
		He recounted this bewildering investigation in his 1975 work, The Flying Cow, Playfair recounted four nights spent in a house captured by poltergeists.
		Playfair has worked with any number of paranormal experts during his decades of research.
	www.skepticalinvestigations.org /books/playfair.htm (323 words)

	Cynics and Skeptics \| TDG - Science, Magick, Myth and History
		Guy Lyon Playfair has also contributed a review of Michael Shermer's skeptical book The Borderlands of Science to the website.
		Playfair takes a look back at the 'uproar' earlier this month at the BAS Festival, where a small group of scientists announced their disgust that topics like telepathy would be discussed there.
		Playfair scores some good shots, though it would have been pretty easy work.
	www.dailygrail.com /taxonomy/term/16/0?from=15 (1338 words)

	Pencils of Light - National Library of Scotland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It was built in the early 19th century, for a naval architect, George Nixon Duck.
		Hugh Lyon Playfair (daughter of William Dalgleish of Scotscraig, Fife).
		William Fyfe, Senior and Hugh Lyon Tennent at boat-builders' yard.
	www.nls.uk /pencilsoflight/voltxt.cfm?volume=2 (1343 words)

	Casebook: Jack the Ripper - Times [London] - 17 March 1879
		The clause in question relates to the establishment of rules and regulations for the education, examination, and regulation of midwives for the poor throughout the kingdom.
		Among the deputation were Dr. Lyon Playfair, M.P., Sir Charles Russell, M.P., Dr. W.S. Playfair (president), and Dr. John Williams and Dr. Gordon (hon.
		The Bill said that if any person or Corporation chose to submit a scheme to the Medical Council, the matter might, if they liked, lay that scheme before the Privy Council; but it was not likely that either an individual or a corporation would take the trouble to do so.
	www.casebook.org /press_reports/times/18790317.html (594 words)

	[No title]
		The files included in the downlad use a slightly modified version of the "Playfair Square rules" to encrypt and decrypt messages.
		Explanation: The Playfair Square (or Playfair Code) was named after English scientist and Parliamentarian Sir Lyon Playfair, and invented by physicist Charles Wheatstone.
		The following example (using the original Playfair Square layout of a 5x5 grid, only A-Z allowed, I and J coupled in the grid) is to demonstrate these rules.
	www.techtricks.com /paradox/playfair.php (807 words)

	playfair
		John F. Kennedy's PT-109 was sunk by a Japanese cruiser in the Solomon Islands, for instance, he made it to shore on Japanese-controlled Plum Pudding Island and was able to send an emergency message in Playfair from an Allied coast-watcher's hut to arrange the rescue of the survivors from his crew.
		Although it clearly uses his backup cipher, the Playfair, the keys assigned to him do not work.
		We cannot reach him before his normal scheduled transmission in two weeks, so we urgently request that you attempt to decrypt this and let us know the contents.
	newton.uor.edu /facultyfolder/tamara_veenstra/playfair.html (920 words)

	lect2
		Playfair system was originated by the noted British
		The Playfair is based on a 25 letter alphabet (omit J) set up in a 5 X 5 square.
		Perhaps the best known variation of the Playfair system,
	www.wisdom.weizmann.ac.il /~albi/cryptanalysis/lect3.htm (1890 words)

	JSPR - June 1975 - Guy Lyon Playfair on Uri Geller's teleportation to Brazil
		JSPR - June 1975 - Guy Lyon Playfair on Uri Geller's teleportation to Brazil
		Paladino was widely regarded as a total fraud up to the 1908 Naples sittings, and it will be interesting to see if she and Geller turn out to have more in common than Feilding and Puharich.
		© Guy Lyon Playfair/The Society for Psychical Research
	www.zem.demon.co.uk /glp4.htm (777 words)

	Playfair Lyon Playfair Baron 1818 1898 Papers, 1841-1898. AIP International Catalog of Sources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Playfair Lyon Playfair Baron 1818 1898 Papers, 1841-1898.
		If you are not immediately redirected, please click here
		List of Papers and Correspondence of Lyon Playfair, First Baron Playfair of St. Andrews, compiled by Jeanne Pingree.
	www.aip.org /history/catalog/icos/686.html (63 words)

	Lyon Playfair, 1st Baron Playfair (1818-1898), Chemist, scientific adviser and politician
		Lyon Playfair, 1st Baron Playfair (1818-1898), Chemist, scientific adviser and politician
		The online database contains information on 92,385 works, 51,004 of which are illustrated; the National Portrait Gallery's collection includes over 330,000 works.
		National Portrait Gallery, St Martin's Place, London WC2H OHE.
	www.npg.org.uk /live/search/person.asp?LinkID=mp03580 (73 words)

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