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	Lysogeny - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lysogeny, or the lysogenic cycle, is one of two methods of viral reproduction (the lytic cycle is the other).
		An example of a virus that enters the lysogenic cycle is herpes, which first enters the lytic cycle after infecting a human, then the lysogenic cycle before travelling to the nervous system where it resides in the nerve fibers as an episomal element.
		In some interactions between lysogenic phages and bacteria, lysogenic conversion may occur.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lysogenic_cycle (414 words)

	Bacteriophage Ecology Group - Reference Abstracts (1982)
		The lysogenicities of the strains, the sensitivities of the strains to the phages and the sensitivities of the phage-resistant mutants to phages were studied to clarify the specificities of the phages.
		Conversion was accomplished by a positive conversion effector, which was a phage characteristic expressed by the prophage and vegetatively reproducing phage.
		Lysogenization with phage 188 of phage-sensitive strains conferred on the lysogenized cells the ability to acquire chromosome and plasmid resistance markers.
	www.mansfield.ohio-state.edu /~sabedon/ab1982.htm (8542 words)

	In Vivo Lysogenic Conversion of Tox- Streptococcus pyogenes to Tox+ with Lysogenic Streptococci or Free Phage -- Broudy ...
		In Vivo Lysogenic Conversion of Tox- Streptococcus pyogenes to Tox+ with Lysogenic Streptococci or Free Phage -- Broudy and Fischetti 71 (7): 3782 -- Infection and Immunity
		The frequency of lysogenized recipient bacteria is plotted for phage transfer events occurring in minimal medium, THY broth, pharyngeal cell coculture, or pharyngeal cell supernatant.
		Lysogenic conversion of environmental Vibrio mimicus strains by CTX
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/71/7/3782 (2834 words)

	Double Whammy: Lysogenic Conversion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Groman and his student colleagues demonstrated that the latter mechanism was responsible for the conversion to virulence.
		The process by which a virus induces change in the characteristics of a bacterial host was named lysogenic conversion.
		Lysogenic conversion is involved in scarlet fever, and in some botulinum and staphylococcal toxins responsible for food poisoning.
	www.washington.edu /research/pathbreakers/1953a.html (371 words)

	Bacteriophage Lecture Notes
		The cell harboring a prophage is not adversely affected by the presence of the prophage and the lysogenic state may persist indefinitely.
		The decision for lambda to enter the lytic or lysogenic cycle when it first enters a cell is determined by the concentration of the repressor and another phage protein called cro in the cell.
		Lysogenic phages have been shown to carry genes that can modify the Salmonella O antigen, which is one of the major antigens to which the immune response is directed.
	pathmicro.med.sc.edu /mayer/phage.htm (1991 words)

	Medmicro Chapter 32
		Toxigenic strains are lysogenic for one of a family of corynebacteriophages that carry the structural gene for diphtheria toxin, tox.
		Lysogenic conversion from the avirulent to virulent phenotype may occur in situ, as well as in vitro.
		In addition, the tox gene may be spread indirectly by release of toxigenic corynebacteriophage and lysogenic conversion of nontoxigenic, autochthonous C diphtheriae in situ.
	gsbs.utmb.edu /microbook/ch032.htm (3275 words)

	Phage
		Lysogenic conversion has some interesting manifestations in pathogenic bacteria that only exert certain determinants of virulence when they are in a lysogenized state.
		Only lysogenic streptococci produce the erythrogenic toxin (pyogenic exotoxin) which causes the skin rash of scarlet fever; and some botulinum toxins are synthsized only by lysogenic strains of C.
		A similar phenomenon to lysogenic conversion exists in the relationship between an animal tumor virus and its host.
	www.bact.wisc.edu /themicrobialworld/Phage.html (2345 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations
		Seven lysogenic bacteria strains, three of Rhizobium leguminosarum and four of R. trifolii, were identified among a total of 54 strains from these two species and R. phaseoli.
		The R. leguminosarum strains may be multiply lysogenic; two of them also produce lethal agents resembling bacteriocins in their effect.
		Lysogenic conversion involving symbiotic characteristics was not observed.
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=4672783 (188 words)

	Bacteriophage Virulence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Alternatively, lysogenic growth results in integration of the phage DNA into the host chromosome or stable replication as a plasmid.
		Most of the gene products of the lysogenic phage remains dormant until it is induced to enter the lytic cycle.
		Lysogenic conversion by a filamentous phage encoding cholera toxin.
	www.sci.sdsu.edu /~smaloy/MicrobialGenetics/topics/phage/phage-virulence.html (433 words)

	VIRUSES
		Lysogenic cycle-A viral replication cycle that involves the incorporation of the viral genome into the host cell genome.
		During a lysogenic cycle the viral nucleic acid inserts by genetic recombination into a specific site on the hosts chromosome and becomes a prophage.
		Virions produced during the lytic cycle may begin either a lytic or lysogenic cycle in their new host cells.
	blue.utb.edu /rlnash/Spring2006/BIO1306/Notes/viruses.htm (1075 words)

	Viruses
		When viral DNA is in the lysogenic mode it is called a prophage.
		Lysogenic Conversion is the display of new properties by bacterial cells containing temperate viruses; toxins are only produced by many disease-causing bacteria when infected with a phage.
		Diphtheria, Scarlet Fever, and Botulism are all lysogenic bacteria toxins.
	www.hutchcc.edu /faculty/selsorj/Viruses8(rev).htm (1038 words)

	Exam 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Only lysogenic conversion occurs in nature; generalized transduction is only a laboratory phenomenon.
		With lysogenic conversion, the gene of interest is a natural component of the phage genome.
		The gene encoding DT is present on a lysogenic phage.
	medinfo.ufl.edu /year2/mmid/exams/1997/mmidex297.html (2272 words)

	[No title]
		On the other hand, during the lysogenic stage, the phage’s DNA is integrated into the genome of the host.
		The process by which a phage in the lysogenic state controls the phenotype of its host is called lysogenic conversion (UIUC.edu).
		The next step, after this data is acquired, would be to target the lysogenic conversion genes and/or the virulence genes.
	ramsites.net /~rmullowney/sumpro.doc (1252 words)

	Gulf Ecology Division
		The sensitivity of detection of bacteriophage with the DNA probes was between 10 to the third power and 10 to the fourth power PFU and 10 to the sixth power and 10 to the seventh power CFU of lysogenized bacteria detectable with a homologous phage DNA probe.
		By using different bacteriophage DNA probes, the diversity of the bacteriophage population in sewage was estimated to be higher than that in other natural samples.
		The indication that transducing phages and prophages are widely distributed in the Pseudomonas populations investigated has considerable implications for the frequency of natural gene transfer by transduction and of lysogenic conversion of host bacteria in natural ecosystems.
	www.epa.gov /GED/publica/c2013.htm (232 words)

	Seasonal Variation in Lysogeny as Depicted by Prophage Induction in Tampa Bay, Florida -- Williamson et al. 68 (9): ...
		The occurrence of lysogenic bacteria and temperate phages in
		Calculations of the induced prophage, lysogenic fraction of the bacterial population, and induced burst size.
		Prophage induction of indigenous marine lysogenic bacteria by environmental pollutants.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/68/9/4307 (4869 words)

	Bacteriophage Ecology Group - Reference Abstracts (2001)
		Overall, these results suggest that lysogenic conversion is a major mechanism driving the evolution of Salmonella bacteria.
		The DNA sequence of the replication module, part of the lysis module, and remnants of a lysogenic module from the lytic P335 species lactococcal bacteriophage variant phi31 was determined, and its regulatory elements were investigated.
		To investigate the mechanism of lysogenic conversion, a 3.6 kb fragment from the D3 genome was isolated capable of mediating serotypic conversion identical to the D3 lysogen strain (AK1380).
	www.mansfield.ohio-state.edu /~sabedon/ab2001.htm (18680 words)

	Lysogenic Conversion of Environmental Vibrio mimicus Strains by CTXPhi -- Faruque et al. 67 (11): 5723 -- Infection and ...
		Lysogenic Conversion of Environmental Vibrio mimicus Strains by CTXPhi -- Faruque et al.
		This is the first demonstration of lysogenic conversion of
		Broudy, T. B., Fischetti, V. In Vivo Lysogenic Conversion of Tox- Streptococcus pyogenes to Tox+ with Lysogenic Streptococci or Free Phage.
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/abstract/67/11/5723 (731 words)

	Phage_LecOut
		In the case of bacteria, a cell harboring phage DNA in its chromosome is called a lysogenic cell, while the integrated phage genome is called a prophage.
		The process of inserting phage DNA into the bacterial chromosome is called lysogeny, and phage with this ability are referred to as temperate bacteriophage.
		Lysogenic conversion (new cell properties acquired as a consequence of carrying or harboring a prophage)- examples
	faculty.washington.edu /jclara/301/M301lecOut/Phage.html (860 words)

	Phages and the Evolution of Bacterial Pathogens: from Genomic Rearrangements to Lysogenic Conversion -- Brüssow et ...
		Phages and the Evolution of Bacterial Pathogens: from Genomic Rearrangements to Lysogenic Conversion -- Brüssow et al.
		Phages and the Evolution of Bacterial Pathogens: from Genomic Rearrangements to Lysogenic Conversion
		It is important to note that lysogenic conversion is only one
	mmbr.asm.org /cgi/content/full/68/3/560 (8320 words)

	Academic Proposal
		In the first part of this project (summer 2003, see reference 3), PCR primers were designed to target the most highly conserved region in the P2-related phages—the capsid gene cluster.
		There appears to be a “hot spot” for acquisition insertion of lysogenic conversion genes in the P2-related phages (see insert.ppt).
		The resulting sequences will be examined for known genes, especially virulence factors and lysogenic conversion genes.
	ramsites.net /~rmullowney/acapro.html (787 words)

	Franklin College - Biology Department (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Using a T-even phage, and the terms capsid, capsomeres, core, tail fibers, sheath, and base plate; describe viral structure.
		Using phage lambda as an example and referring to the following terms (prophage and repressor protein), describe a lysogenic life cycle of a virus.
		Using the terms lytic cycle and lysogenic cycle, explain why only certain genes are transferred during specialized transduction but any gene can be transferred during generalized transduction.
	www.franklincollege.edu /bioweb/bio140sb/bio140sb_guide12.htm (716 words)

	Site-Specific Recombination Links the Evolution of P2-like Coliphages and Pathogenic Enterobacteria -- Nilsson et al. ...
		Each spot represents the individual hybridization result of the strain given by the sum of a row and a column number.
		The region is not a strict lysogenic conversion locus since
		The lysogenic conversion genes of coliphage P2 have unusually high AT content.
	mbe.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/21/1/1 (5633 words)

	VCU Bioinformatics and Bioengineering Summer Institute
		P2-related prophages have been found in a large variety of enteric bacteria.
		Comparative studies of the genomes of these phages have revealed numerous so-called "lysogenic conversion genes", which introduce new phenotypic properties to the bacterial host.
		67:2692-2699] for the presence of P2-related prophages and then determine what lysogenic conversion genes are carried by these prophages.
	www.vcu.edu /csbc/bbsi/inst/news/symposium2/Mullowney-abstract.html (160 words)

	microbialmetabolism
		Explain what R plasmids are and why they are such a problem in healthcare.
		Define the following terms: bacteriophage (shortened to phage), productive infection, lytic phage, lytic cycle, latent state, temperate phage, prophage, lysogen, lysogenic cycle, and lysogenic conversion.
		Name bacteria and diseases associated with lysogenic conversion.
	www.delta.edu /jahoward/microbialmetabolismµbialgenetics2005-testinginformation.html (695 words)

	christie
		Other recent work has included a study of the role of cryptic prophages as a reservoir of new genes for generation of host range diversity of the Shiga toxin-encoding phage in an E. coli O157:H7 strain.
		We also have an ongoing interest in the roles of lysogenic conversion genes in the P2-related prophages and cryptic prophages.
		We are characterizing lysogenic conversion genes encoded by a number of P2-related phages in order to elucidate the horizontal transfer of these genes and to understand the contributions of these genes to the physiology of the bacterial host.
	www.vcu.edu /micro/christie.htm (685 words)

	CHAPTER #12: VIRUSES AND CANCER
		The latter results in lysis and death of the host cell, whereas in the former case the cell survives, the virus enters the latent, or prophage phase, and the cell continues to replicate normally.
		One problem is that there is evidence that DNA viruses that infect a cell may DISAPPEAR, after inducing genetic rearrangement of proto-oncogenes that are a step in the sequence leading to cancer or they may have left behind oncogenes.
		This situation is roughly similar to that of LYSOGENIC CONVERSION described above.
	www.gch.ulaval.ca /agarnier/bcm20329/hur_c12.htm (2526 words)

	Phages: Their Role In Bacterial Pathogenesis And Biotechnology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Bacteriophages were not recognized for about 40 years after the beginning of bacteriology, but this collection of 22 articles proves researchers have made up for lost time.
		Papers giving general information include the history of phage research and therapy, phage biology, bacteriophage evolution and the role of phages in host evolution, phage ecology and bacteria pathogenesis, phage lysis, and lysogeny, prophage induction and lysogenic conversion.
		Those on how phages contribute to virulence include lambdoid phages and shiga toxin, the prophage arsenal of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, pathogenic vibrios, Bordetella and mycoplasma phages, mycobacteriophages, phage involvement with bacterial vaginosis, botulism, and diphtheria, and staphylococcal, streptococcal, pneumococcal phages.
	www.booksmatter.com /b1555813070.htm (181 words)

	VCU - Christie's Lab - P2 ResearchPhage
		P2-related phages and cryptic prophages encode a variety of lysogenic conversion functions.
		Some of these, like the sopE gene encoded by a P2-related prophage in Salmonella enterica, have been implicated in bacterial virulence.
		We are characterizing lysogenic conversion genes encoded by a several P2-related phages in order to elucidate the horizontal transfer of these genes and to understand the contributions of these genes to the physiology of the bacterial host.
	www.people.vcu.edu /~christie/lab/research/p2/p2_genomics_projectpage.html (193 words)

	Proteins responsible for lysogenic conversion caused by coliphages N15 and phi80 are highly homologous -- Vostrov et ...
		Proteins responsible for lysogenic conversion caused by coliphages N15 and phi80 are highly homologous -- Vostrov et al.
		Proteins responsible for lysogenic conversion caused by coliphages N15 and phi80 are highly homologous
		Lysogenic conversion caused by lambdoid bacteriophage phi80 and that caused
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/abstract/178/5/1484 (308 words)

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