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Topic: Lytic cycle

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	Mysterious Invaders - A Closer Look at Viruses
		Viruses that undergo the lytic cycle can be characterized as the viruses that are on a mission to "seek out and destroy" their host cell.
		Penetration of the membrane occurs and the DNA is altered and the host cell actas as a viral manufacturing site until the cell eventually bursts to release the viral by-products into the body.
		This cycle is slightly different from the lytic cycle in that the virus tends to become part of the cellular infrastructure instead of just destroying the host cell all together.
	pgl.ufl.edu /modules/mysterious_invaders/lytic.htm (326 words)

	Lytic cycle - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		The lytic cycle is one of the two cycles of viral reproduction, the other being the lysogenic cycle.
		The lytic cycle is typically considered the main method of viral replication, since it results in the destruction of the infected cell.
		In the lytic cycle, the virus invades the bacteria, and toxins are released, while in the lysogenic cycle, the virus invades the bacteria and takes over its DNA.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Lytic_cycle (333 words)

	Lytic and Lysogenic Cycles of a Bacteriophage - Picture - MSN Encarta
		All bacteriophages (viruses that parasitize bacteria) have a lytic or infectious cycle, in which the virus, incapable of replicating itself, injects its genetic material into a bacterium.
		The injected genetic material instead integrates itself into its host DNA, passively replicating with it to be inherited by bacterial daughter cells.
		In about 1 in 100,000 of these lysogenic cells, the viral DNA spontaneously activates and starts a new lytic cycle.
	encarta.msn.com /media_461516656_761575740_-1_1/Lytic_and_Lysogenic_Cycles_of_a_Bacteriophage.html (118 words)

	Bacteriophage Life Cycles: The Lytic Life Cycle
		Plaques are small clear areas on the agar surface where the host bacteria have been lysed by lytic bacteriophages.
		GIFAnimation summarizing the lytic life cycle of a lytic bacteriophage.
		Flash Animation summarizing the lytic life cycle of a lytic bacteriophage.
	student.ccbcmd.edu /courses/bio141/lecguide/unit3/viruses/lytlc.html (632 words)

	BioEd Online Slides: lytic, viruses, lysogenic, virulent phage, DNA
		Lytic bacteriophages attach to the cell wall of a bacterial cell and inject viral DNA into the cell.
		Bacteriophages that reproduce using only the lytic cycle are known as virulent phages, while phages that can undergo both modes of replication are called temperate phages.
		The study of temperate phages, and the process whereby the lysogenic or lytic pathway is activated, has led to fundamental discoveries in mechanisms that control the regulation of gene expression.
	www.bioedonline.org /slides/slide01.cfm?q=lytic (952 words)

	Bacterial and Viral Infection Therapy and cure, read about it
		In the lytic cycle the host cell undergoes lysis (the breaking open of the cell to release viral particles), biosynthesis, maturation and finally release.
		In the lytic cycle the cell is soon destroyed and the viruses made will have to find new host.
		However during the lysogenic stage the DNA of the bacteria is spliced using restriction enzymes and the virus's DNA (or RNA turned to DNA by the enzyme reverse transcriptase) is integrated into the spliced section of the hosts DNA.
	www.anti-aging-natural-supplements.net /viral-infection.html (2331 words)

	Intralytix, Inc. - Phage Technology
		At the present time, Intralytix’s library of lytic bacteriophages is one of the largest and best characterized in the world.
		Also, it is continuously being updated with new phages, in order to include bacteriophages lytic against additional bacterial pathogens or bacterial strains of particular concern in specific geographic locations or in specific food processing or clinical settings.
		This leads to membrane-disruption later in the phage’s lytic cycle, which enables large numbers of newly-assembled phage particles to be released from the bacterium, and the host cell’s death.
	www.intralytix.com /Intral_tech.htm (692 words)

	Researchers find novel way to treat Epstein-Barr virus associated tumors
		They were fortunate in that one of the genes that is expressed upon viral lytic induction is EBV's thymidine kinase (EBV-TK), an enzyme that helps the virus begin to reproduce.
		The method is highly sensitive, he says: as few as five percent of the cells within the tumor mass needed to be induced into the lytic cycle in order to be detected.
		Results of this study suggests that this strategy could be applied to other viruses associated with tumors, and that other drugs may potentially be used to activate these viruses, Pomper says.
	www.rxpgnews.com /cancer-research/Researchers-find-novel-way-to-treat-Epstein-Barr-virus-associated-tumors_17669.shtml (1239 words)

	Researchers Wake Up Viruses Inside Tumors to Image and Then Destroy Cancers
		They were fortunate in that one of the genes that is expressed upon viral lytic induction is EBV's thymidine kinase (EBV-TK), an enzyme that helps the virus begin to reproduce.
		The method is highly sensitive, he says: as few as five percent of the cells within the tumor mass needed to be induced into the lytic cycle in order to be detected.
		Results of this study suggests that this strategy could be applied to other viruses associated with tumors, and that other drugs may potentially be used to activate these viruses, Pomper says.
	www.aacr.org /home/about-us/news.aspx?d=713 (988 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The lytic cycle is one of the two cycles of viral reproduction, the other being the lysogenic cycle.
		The lytic cycle is typically considered the main method of viral replication, since it results in the destruction of the infected cell.
		Because it otherwise is characteristic of the lytic cycle in other steps, it still belongs to this category.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=lytic_cycle (304 words)

	lytic cycle Information Center - lysogenic and lytic cycle diagram
		The lytic cycle is typically thought of as the main method of viral replication, since it results in the destruction of the infected cell, which is how viruses cause damage to their hosts.
		In the case of DNA viruses, the DNA transcribes itself into lytic vs lysogenic life cycle messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules that are then used to direct the ribosome.
		The cell eventually becomes filled with viruses (typically 100-200) until it bursts, or lysogenic and lytic cycle diagram lyses; this end process gives the cycle its name.
	www.scipeeps.com /Sci-Biochemistry_Topics_I_-_L/lytic_cycle.html (198 words)

	Lytic cycle (Site not responding. Last check: )
		These cycles should not, however, be seen as discrete and separate, but rather as somewhat interchangable.
		The lytic cycle is typically thought of as the main method of viral replication, since it results in the destruction of the infected cell, which is how viruses cause damage to their hostss.
		When a virus infects a cell, it first binds with the cell membrane with special receptor molecules on the virus's surface.
	pedia.newsfilter.co.uk /wikipedia/l/ly/lytic_cycle.html (214 words)

	* Lytic cycle - (Biology): Definition
		A type of viral replication cycle resulting in the release of new phages by death or lysis of the host cell.
		Mechanistically, these enzymes are very well characterized: they share a common catalytic cycle that involves formation of a two-electron oxidized intermediate (Compound I) followed by reduction of Compound I by substrate.
		The lytic cycle occurs when the viral DNA immediately takes over the host cell (remember that viruses are obligate intracellular parasites) and begins making new viruses.
	en.mimi.hu /biology/lytic_cycle.html (194 words)

	Early Stage of Epstein-Barr Virus Lytic Infection Leading to the "Starry Sky" Pattern Formation in Endemic ...
		Conclusions.-Our findings suggest that EBV-infected lymphoma cells in the lytic cycle, which eventually lapse into cell death, are phagocytosed prior to their rupture by macrophages that have migrated into the parenchyma.
		We emphasize that transition of EBV-infected lymphoma cells to the lytic cycle is one of the histomorphogenetic factors influencing the formation of starry sky pattern in endemic BL.
		Among the lytic cycle-associated genes, BHLF1 is one of the early genes.17,18 ZEBRA is a 33-kd transcription-transactivating nuclear protein encoded by BamHI Z left frame 1 (BZLF1), which is one of the immediate early genes of EBV.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3725/is_200405/ai_n9445015 (809 words)

	Identification of the Lytic Cycle Inhibitor (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The initial goal of this study was to identify the gene responsible for inhibition of the lytic pathway at low temperatures.
		This mutation was shown to suppress the inhibition of the lytic pathway by preventing CII from repressing the transcription of O and P proteins.
		These results are synchronous with the initial gene identification observations, which concluded that CII is responsible for the inhibition of the lytic pathway at low temperatures.
	www.rit.edu /~sbib350/posters/cII/cIIsummary.htm (493 words)

	Kinetic analysis of the steps of the polyomavirus lytic cycle.
		Kinetic analysis of the steps of the polyomavirus lytic cycle.Large T protein could be detected by 8 hpi (while infected cells were in the G(1) phase).
		This first-time simultaneous analysis of all parameters of the virus life cycle led to new insights concerning the transcriptional control at the early-to-late transition.
		Kinetic studies of the accumulation of early and late transcripts, early and late proteins, genomes, and live virus, during the lytic cycle of murine polyomavirus wild-type A2, were carried out in synchronized NIH 3T3 cells released from G(0) by the addition of serum after infection.
	www.ihop-net.org /UniPub/iHOP/gp/9045984.html (338 words)

	Exploration Guide: Virus Life Cycle (Lytic) Gizmo \| ExploreLearning
		This story, while strange, is a remarkably accurate analogy of the life cycle of a virus.
		In this activity, you will examine the life cycle of a lytic virus.
		Be sure that the first stage in the virus life cycle is selected.
	www.explorelearning.com /index.cfm?method=cResource.dspExpGuide&ResourceID=448 (546 words)

	Viral replication information (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Lytic Cycle is the viral replication process that rapidly kills a host cell.
		During the lytic cycle, the nucleic acid of a virus takes control of the activity of the host cell.
		During the lysogenic cycle, the nucleic acid of a virus attaches to the host cell's chromosomes.
	www.miamisci.org /youth/unity/Unity1/Lubens/pages/viralreplication.html (148 words)

	Inhibition of the Epstein-Barr virus lytic cycle by Zta-targeted RNA interference -- Chang et al. 85 (6): 1371 -- ...
		Expression of siRNA and induction of the EBV lytic cycle.
		Further induction of the EBV lytic cycle in 293A lytic clones.
		MacNeil, A., Sumba, O. P., Lutzke, M. L., Moormann, A. and Rochford, R. Activation of the Epstein-Barr virus lytic cycle by the latex of the plant Euphorbia tirucalli.
	vir.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/85/6/1371 (5232 words)

	Infotrieve Online
		In this study, we have developed a novel strategy to isolate populations of cells in an EBV lytic cycle based on the expression of a reporter gene under the control of an EBV early lytic cycle promoter.
		Thus, induction of the viral lytic cycle in transfected EBV(+) B lymphoma cells resulted in concomitant reporter expression, allowing us, for the first time, to isolate highly purified cell populations in lytic cycle for biochemical and functional studies.
		Moreover, during lytic cycle peptide transport into the endoplasmic reticulum, was reduced to <30% of levels found in latent infection.
	www4.infotrieve.com /newmedline/detail.asp?NameID=15905524&Session=&searchQuery=Wiertz&count=65 (274 words)

	Lytic Cycle of Toxoplasma gondii -- Black and Boothroyd 64 (3): 607 -- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews
		The sexual cycle (top section) is initiated when a member of the feline family ingests either oocysts or tissues that are infected with bradyzoite cysts.
		This cycle is limited to the feline intestine and results in the shedding of oocysts in the cat's feces (middle section).
		The degree to which the sexual and asexual portions of the overall life cycle feed into one another in nature is not known.
	mmbr.asm.org /cgi/content/full/64/3/607 (9507 words)

	Exp2 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		activation is generally central to inducing apoptosis, this experiment was conducted to determine if caspase activity was essential for the switch from latency to the lytic cycle.
		To further investigate the induction of lytic cycle, Mutu-I cells were treated with
		TGF-b1 was a control in this experiment because it is a known inducer of the lytic cycle.
	biology.fullerton.edu /biol426/so1modules/s01lo/exp2.htm (218 words)

	Activation of the EpsteinBarr virus lytic cycle by the latex of the plant Euphorbia tirucalli (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Activation of the EpsteinBarr virus lytic cycle by the latex of the plant Euphorbia tirucalli
		Barr virus lytic cycle by the latex of the plant Euphorbia tirucalli
		We observed that the latex was capable of reactivating the EBV lytic cycle in a dose-dependent manner and at dilutions as low as 10
	www.nature.com /cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/bjc/journal/v88/n10/abs/6600929a.html&dynoptions=doi1053637419 (227 words)

	Three pathways of Epstein-Barr virus gene activation from EBNA1-positive latency in B lymphocytes.
		The present study set out to determine whether activation of full virus latent-gene expression was a necessary accompaniment to induction of the lytic cycle in Burkitt's lymphoma lines.
		A first, rapid response pathway involves direct entry of cells into the lytic cycle without broadening of the pattern of latent gene expression; thereafter, the three "latent" LMPs are expressed as early lytic cycle antigens.
		A third response pathway in yet another subpopulation involves the selective activation of LMPs, with no induction of the lytic cycle and with EBNA expression still restricted to EBNA1; this type of latent infection in B lymphocytes has hitherto not been described.
	www.medscape.com /medline/abstract/1309242?src=emed_ckb_ref_0 (421 words)

	The Life Cycle of Lambda Phages
		In the lysogenic cycle, the viral DNA circularizes and integrates into the host DNA.
		phages may transform from the lysogenic cycle to the lytic cycle.
		phage's lysogenic cycle and its transformation into the lytic cycle.
	www.web-books.com /MoBio/Free/Ch1F1.htm (150 words)

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