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| | Impact |
 | | Bison producers generate direct economic impacts to North Dakota’s economy through their expenditures for production outlays (e.g., feedstuffs, fuel, supplies, fencing materials, interest, equipment) and returns to unpaid labor, management, and equity (i.e., money used to pay family living expenses or for reinvestment in the business). |
 | | Similar to the bison cow-calf producers, bison producers who are involved in the finishing phase of the production schedule generate direct impacts to the area economy through operating expenditures and returns to unpaid labor, management, and equity. |
 | | Bison is the proper scientific name, and it belongs to the Bovine family of mammals, as do domestic cattle. |
| www.ag.ndsu.nodak.edu /carringt/bison/impact.htm (3415 words) |
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