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Topic: M31

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1 E19 m

	Robert Bruce Thompson's Winter Messier Objects Presentation - M31, M32, M110
		M32 appears as a bright circle at the upper left edge of M31, and M110 appears as the bright oval at lower center.
		M31 was a well-known object before Messier added it to his list, although Messier was apparently unaware of most of the earlier reports.
		In your main scope, M31 should be visible as a moderately bright central gray fuzzy, surrounded by darker gray fuzz.
	www.ttgnet.com /astronomy/winter-messier-program/m31-32-110.html (1205 words)

	M31 Repair page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The M31 was designed to be launched from an M1 Garand or an M14 rifle.
		M31 with metal fins, MK12 tube/fin assy., M31 in half, M31 with new fin assy.
		The M31 is heavy because it has been filled with an epoxy to approximate the weight of the real explosive.
	home.comcast.net /~pslromak3/M31.htm (672 words)

	M31 The Andromeda Galaxy
		Located in Andromeda, M31 is one of the three large galaxies (Milky Way, M33 and M31) in the Local Group and is approximately 2.35 million light years distant.
		M31 is approaching the Milky Way at a speed of 140 kilometer per second.
		M31 can easily be seen in a dark sky with the aid of binoculars and appears as an oval shaped "nebulosity" of light.
	www.waid-observatory.com /m031-2003-10-19.html (201 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		M31, also known as the Andromeda Galaxy, is the nearest large galaxy to our own.
		M31 is about 4 times as massive as the Milky Way.
		M31 and the Milky Way are bound together (maybe?) in a configuration known as the Local Group of Galaxies.
	zebu.uoregon.edu /messier/m31.txt (183 words)

	Messier Object 31
		M31 is the famous Andromeda galaxy, our nearest large neighbor galaxy, forming the Local Group of galaxies together with its companions (including M32 and M110, two bright dwarf elliptical galaxies), our Milky Way and its companions, M33, and others.
		The brightest globular cluster of the Andromeda Galaxy M31, G1, is also the most luminous globular in the Local Group of Galaxies; its apparent visual brightness from Earth is still about 13.72 magnitudes.
		The brightest star cloud in the Andromeda galaxy M31 has been assigned an own NGC number: NGC 206, because William Herschel had taken it into his catalog as H V.36 on the grounds of his discovery observation of October 17, 1786.
	www.seds.org /messier/m/m031.html (1538 words)

	Gemini Observatory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		High-resolution infrared observations of the Andromeda Galaxy (M31) made at Gemini Observatory reveal an intriguing dust-enshrouded star near the core of the galaxy, while extremely sharp adaptive optics images allowed the analysis of thousands of individual stars that indicates a long-stable environment around the galaxyâs core.
		In the study led by Davidge the core of M31 was observed in the infrared to search for objects that could only be resolved using a large ground-based telescope of Geminiâs aperture (8 meters).
		The new results suggest that the disk that we currently see in M31 has been around for at least 6 billion years, or roughly half the age of the universe, and could have existed relatively undisturbed at even older ages.
	www.gemini.edu /aasm31 (1588 words)

	M31, the Andromeda Galaxy, in BinoSky, a guide to astronomy with binoculars. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		M31, the Andromeda Galaxy, in BinoSky, a guide to astronomy with binoculars.
		Whether you are happy or disappointed with M31 through binoculars is a matter of what you expect.
		What you will see is the bright nucleus, which is a distinctive object, and this is certainly the most easily observed galaxy in the northern-hemisphere sky.
	www.lightandmatter.com /binosky/m31.html (120 words)

	The Milky Way versus M31 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		M31 besides being the closest large galaxy to the Milky Way is a very important “laboratory” for observation of galaxy dynamics and evolution.
		M31 and the Milky Way are the dominant galaxies in a small galaxy cluster known as the Local Group, a term first used by Hubble in 1936 (Mateo 2000).
		The central bulge of the M31 is larger in proportion to the rest of the galaxy than the central bulge of the Milky Way is to the rest of the Galaxy.
	www.3towers.com /Andromeda.htm (6215 words)

	M31
		Companion dwarf elliptical galaxies M32 and M110 are also visible, as well as NGC 206, a stellar association located inside of M31 and seen here as a bright knot of stars in the outer spiral arm at lower left.
		With the Hubble Space Telescope, it has been discovered that M31 has a double nucleus, probably because of an encounter with a smaller galaxy in the local group that it consumed.
		M31 is a member of our local group of galaxies.
	www.astropix.com /HTML/A_FALL/M31.HTM (246 words)

	M31 Andromeda Galaxy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		M31 (NGC 224, the famous Andromeda Galaxy) is the nearest large galaxy to the earth.
		It is so bright that it is easily seen by naked eye as a faint fuzzy patch of light in the northern part of Andromeda.
		M31 is an 'island universe' - a gigantic collection of billions of stars estimated to be 2.9 million light years distant.
	www.astrocruise.com /m31.htm (176 words)

	M31 - the Andromeda Galaxy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The bright nucleus is readily apparent, recently shown to be in fact double (see the HST image and caption) as well as the possible site of a supermassive fl hole.
		You may want to consult for comparison the beautiful HST image of the brightest globular cluster in M31, Mayall I; this cluster lies well beyond the area shown in my image.
		For additional context, here's a view of M31 and its companions M32 and M110 taken with the 20-inch astrographic refractor at Lick Observatory.
	www.astr.ua.edu /gifimages/m31r.html (299 words)

	Belt of Venus: M31, M32, and M110 - The Andromeda Galaxy and Companions
		I've been observing M31 off and on for a while now, trying to get a better sense of what it displays in my scope.
		M31 displayed a nearly stellar core, with brightness that fell off gently to the southeast.
		Factoids: Visible to the naked eye under even moderate skies, M31, The Andromeda Galaxy, was first described as the "little cloud" by the Persian astronomer Abd-al-Rahman in 964 AD.
	www.perezmedia.net /beltofvenus/archives/000275.html (1006 words)

	Andromeda Galaxy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		To support his claim that M31 was an external galaxy, Curtis also noted the appearance of dark lanes resembling the dust clouds in our own galaxies, as well as the significant Doppler shift.
		However, data from the 2MASS survey showed that the bulge of M31 has a box-like appearance, which implies that the galaxy is actually a barred galaxy with the bar viewed nearly directly along its long axis.
		M110 also appears to be interacting with M31, and astronomers have found a stream of metal-rich stars in the halo of M31 that appears to have been stripped from these satellite galaxies.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy (3773 words)

	The Andromeda galaxy , M31 (NGC 224) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		M31 is the finest and nearest large spiral galaxy in the sky, about 2 million light years away.
		M 31 is a member of the Local Group of about 30 galaxies that includes the Milky Way and M31 as its most massive members as well as the two Magellanic Clouds.
		This particular picture is of interest because it was one of the first-ever astronomical colour images and certainly the first of M31.
	www.aao.gov.au /images/captions/caltech_M31.html (289 words)

	John Kormendy: Images of Black Hole Galaxies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Color image of the double nucleus of M31 (the Andromeda Galaxy) constructed from Hubble Space Telescope WFPC2 exposures in I, V, and 3000 A bandpasses obtained by (Lauer et al.
		The image above is the spectrum of M31 as observed with the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope.
		M31 was the second galaxy in which a supermassive fl hole was found.
	chandra.as.utexas.edu /~kormendy/bhpix.html (1805 words)

	Gendler M31 Galaxy Photo
		Andromeda is frequently referred to as M31 since it is the 31st object on
		M31 is so distant it takes about two million years for light to reach us from there.
		M31 is a mosaic of 40 separate frames taken over 10 imaging sessions.
	www.skyimagelab.com /m31genangal.html (293 words)

	M31
		M31 or NGC224 is the familiar Andromeda Galaxy.
		M31 lies about 2.3 million light years away and is approximately 25 percent larger than our own Milky Way.
		It has dark spiral lanes viewable in 10 inch telescopes and its neighbors M110 and M32 are visible companion elliptical galaxies to the lower right of center and upper left of center respectively.
	home.earthlink.net /~stevelindsey/M31.htm (102 words)

	APOD: October 11, 1996 - The Double Nucleus of M31 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Explanation: The center of M31 is twice as unusual as previously thought.
		Subsequent ground-based observations have led to speculation that indeed two nuclei exist, are moving with respect to each other, that one nucleus is slowly tidally disrupting the other, and that one nucleus may be the remains of smaller galaxy "eaten" by M31.
		The nuclei of many galaxies, including M31, are known to be quite violent places, and the existence of massive fl holes are frequently postulated to explain them.
	antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov /apod/ap961011.html (175 words)

	Chandra :: Photo Album :: Andromeda Galaxy (M31) :: 05 Jun 06 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Andromeda Galaxy (M31): The Heat Is On in Andromeda's Center
		M31 where a diffuse, X-ray emitting cloud of hot gas was discovered in the midst of a collection of point-like sources.
		Analysis of the X-ray data shows that the point sources are associated with binary star systems that contain a neutron star or fl hole that is pulling matter away from a normal star.
	chandra.harvard.edu /photo/2006/m31 (387 words)

	Observations of object "M31 (Andromeda Galaxy)"
		M31 has a bright central core which can be seen, even with the naked eye.
		M32 is a satellite of M31 and it is a small eliptical galaxy.
		The core of M31 was not as large and definable as it was the other night but still easily visible.
	www.lies.com /aaol/view_obs.cgi?obj=m31 (1512 words)

	APOD: 2005 December 22 - Andromeda Island Universe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Explanation: The most distant object easily visible to the unaided eye is M31, the great Andromeda Galaxy some two million light-years away.
		In contrast, a bright yellow nucleus, dark winding dust lanes, gorgeous blue spiral arms and star clusters are recorded in this stunning telescopic digital mosaic with a cumulative exposure of over 90 hours.
		Shapley-Curtis debate of 1920, which was later resolved by observations of M31 in favor of Andromeda, island universe.
	antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov /apod/ap051222.html (196 words)

	Spatial Distribution of M31 Novae
		(1989) concluded that novae in M31 belong overwhelmingly to the bulge population.
		We take M31 to be inclined by 77° and the bulge to be an oblate ellipsoid with an axial ratio of 0.63 (Hodge 1992).
		In M31, however, the density of the dust is known to peak well out in the disk, not far from where most of the current star formation rate is taking place (Hodge 1992).
	ecf.hq.eso.org /~ralbrech/sepdec97apjl/5210.html (3104 words)

	M31 Microphone - General Purpose Low Cost Measurement Microphone
		The M31 is a low voltage electret condenser microphone specifically designed for the measurement of transducers, loudspeaker systems, room response, and other similar acoustic characteristics.
		The M31 provides a very cost effective solution to many general purpose acoustic measurements.
		The low voltage and current requirements of the microphone/preamp allow for easy setup and operation from a wide variety of power supplies, and can even be powered using a standard 9V battery.
	www.linearx.com /products/microphones/m31/M31_1.htm (136 words)

	RX J0045.4+4154: A Recurrent Supersoft X-ray Transient in M31
		For a range of plausible continuum models, the hydrogen column density is 0.8-1.510^21 persqcm and is consistent with the source being located in M31*.
		This is the first recurrent X-ray transient to be found in M31, and is particularly notable because it is much softer than the bright X-ray transients seen in our galaxy.
		The spectrum is characteristic of the supersoft class of X-ray sources, which are thought to be accreting white dwarfs that have a hydrogen burning surface layer.
	lheawww.gsfc.nasa.gov /users/white/wgacat/apjl.html (3351 words)

	Sea and Sky's Astronomy Resources: Messier Objects M31 - M40
		M32 is one of the two small satellite galaxies of their more famous partner, M31.
		It is an elliptical dwarf galaxy with a diameter of only 8,000 light years.
		It is a spiral galaxy with a diameter of 60,000 light years, which makes it much smaller than its neighbor, M31.
	www.seasky.org /astronomy/astronomy_messier_31to40.html (859 words)

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