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[No title]   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13) M4 is a little known yet quite useful macro language that is available on nearly every UNIX distribution. When M4 encounters a macro, the macro is expanded in place and evaluated. A loop can be forced into M4 with a macro (demonstrated in the author's example program), but this is a poor and confusing method of looping, as the author correctly points out. www2.gvsu.edu /~miljours/m4critique.html   (521 words)

Website META Language (WML), Documentation: Core / GNU m4 (Pass 4) Introduction to m4 m4 is a macro processor, in the sense that it copies its input to the output, expanding macros as it goes. System V m4 regards all the diverted text as being generated by the source line containing the undivert call, whereas GNU m4 regards the diverted text as being generated at the time it is diverted. In m4, one might use macros to hold strings, as we do for variables in other programming languages, further checking them with: ifelse(defn(`holder'), `value',...) In cases like this one, an interdiction for a macro to hold its own name would be a useless limitation. www.thewml.org /docs/backend/wml_p4_gm4.html   (11065 words)

M4 (computer language) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Macro processors were prevalent when assembly language programming was the common tool of programmers. Unlike most earlier macro processors, it is not targeted at any particular computer or human language; historically, however, it was developed for supporting the Ratfor dialect of Fortran. Unlike some other macro processors, m4 is Turing-complete as well as a practical programming language. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/M4_(computer_language)   (352 words)

Endpoint Guide to Text Processing Shell tools like textutils, macro languages such as M4, and text editors such as sed are some of the first transformational programming languages one should consider. The C preprocessor is a macro language, albeit a clumsy one. M4 is a general purpose macro language which is designed to be used on any sort of text. www.endpointcomputing.com /articles/textproc.html   (996 words)

M4 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Messier 4, a globular cluster in the constellation Scorpius M4 Sherman, the main allied tank in World War II M4 Carbine, a family of firearms descended from the M16 and AR-15 M4 motorway, a road in the Republic of Ireland running from Lucan to west of Kinnegad on the Dublin-Sligo route en.wikipedia.org /wiki/M4   (197 words)

m4 - phpMan   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13) While `GPM' was _pure_, `m4' was meant to deal more with the true intricacies of real life: macros could be recognized with being pre-announced, skipping whitespace or end-of-lines was made easier, more constructs were builtin instead of derived, etc. Originally, `m4' was the engine for Rational FORTRAN preprocessor, that is, the `ratfor' equivalent of `cpp'. When diverted text is undiverted, it is _not_ reread by `m4', but rather copied directly to the current output, and it is therefore not an error to undivert into a diversion. If all diversions should be discarded, the easiest is to end the input to `m4' with `divert(-1)' followed by an explicit `undivert': divert(1) Diversion one: divnum divert(2) Diversion two: divnum divert(-1) undivert ^D No output is produced at all. chuckie.bmdistros.co.uk /php/phpMan/phpman.php/info/m4   (11952 words)

[No title] m4 reads from the standard input and writes the processed text to the standard output. At the end of processing m4 concatenates all the queues in numerical order to produce the final output. The divert macro allows you to select a new output queue (an invalid argument passed to divert causes output to be discarded). www.eecs.harvard.edu /~vino/vino/release-0.40/man/commandref/m4.1.txt   (984 words)

The m4 Macro Package | Linux Journal m4 is a macro processor, meaning that it copies its input to the output, expanding macros along the way. Like cpp, m4 originally was written as the pre-processor for a programming language (Rational FORTRAN); however, m4 is much more powerful and feature-rich than cpp, which makes it much more useful than just defining constants in programs. Some people [find] m4 to be fairly addictive...learning how to write complex m4 sets of macros....Once really addicted, users pursue writing of sophisticated m4 applications even to solve simple problems....Beware that m4 may be dangerous for the health of compulsive programmers. www.linuxjournal.com /article/5594   (1518 words)

Linux, Unix, /etc/: An Introduction to m4 m4 implementations on BSD may differ slightly; but by and large, m4 is m4, and this article should be useful for other Unix users too. GNU m4 also allows use of # as a comment character, with the different that such comments *are* passed to the output stream. The sendmail source distribution comes with a set of m4 macro definition files which are sufficient to generate a sendmail.cf for practically any site; at most, a little tweaking of the resulting sendmail.cf file (whose syntax has been memorably and justly compared to line noise) may be required. lue.dyn.dhs.org /2005/20050720130900.html   (2044 words)

m4 Macroprocessor M4 is a very old text file macro processor, almost as old as C-Preprocessor (which was in turn modeled after PL/1 preprocessor). M4 is a macro processor designed by D.M.Ritchie as a front end for RATFOR and C. As a macro processor M4 assisted in expansion of macros for code translation. Both RATFOR and M4 were used to give an implementation language for the development of the statistical programming language S to allow the developer to keep modern control structures and data types. www.softpanorama.org /Tools/m4.shtml   (6734 words)

jwz - OSX xscreensaver port   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13) I mean, it took 1 sentence for him to use the phrase "language semantics problem," followed by the claim that C can't do what you want. C is a Turing-Equivalent language, so of course you can do it in C. I don't understand why JWZ thinks he can't do it with the C macro language, but if that's too hard or too ugly, he could use an alternative macro language like M4. Perhaps the C macro language rubs JWZ "the wrong way", in which case I suggest that he try to find a macro language without that problem. jwz.livejournal.com /596503.html   (1607 words)

Little Language One spin-off of the UnixDesignPhilosophy was the realization that it is easier to implement a task-specific language optimized for that task than it is to implement a general-purpose language optimized for all possible uses. The Little Language title was given by JonBentley in the Communications of the ACM [Jon Bentley, "Little languages", Communications of the ACM, 29(8):711-21, August 1986.]. Take a rather libre view of the classification of little languages, C is good at managing the memory, but some part of the world is better interfaced using OO, there comes the awkwardness of writing GUI applications in C. Awk and sed are good at parsing flat files. c2.com /cgi/wiki?LittleLanguage   (2229 words)

SPARC Architecture, Assembly Language Programming, and C, 2nd Edition - $77.18   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13) Although the machine language of a computer is easy to understand, its use results in vast quantities of numeric data that have little meaning. The generation of reams of assembly language code is discouraged in favor of the highest level of representation possible. As each of the architectural features of the machine is introduced it is related as closely as possible to C language constructs so that students learn the relationship between C and the resulting machine language structures. www.informit.com /title/0130255963   (2147 words)

GNU M4 macro processor GNU M4 This manual is for GNU M4 (version 1.4.8, 20 November 2006), a package containing an implementation of the m4 macro language. If you have problems with GNU M4 or think you've found a bug, please report it. implementations, and issues a warning because it may be withdrawn in a future version of GNU M4. www.gnu.org /software/m4/manual/m4.html   (9235 words)

About m4 I use GNU m4 1.4 to generate the HTML for these pages. The pages themselves are written in a macro language which is easy to use, and saves all the annoying layout issues with HTML in the set of Here is a sample of what the m4 source itself looks like. www.alcyone.com /max/info/m4.html   (381 words)

A Fully Featured Parser for Wiki Markup The macros are written in another programming language, typically the same language as the wiki itself was written in. In this project, I design a macro language suitable to use within wiki syntax, based on M4. The language is then implemented in Python for MoinMoin Wiki, a popular and flexible wiki implementation. zoo.cs.yale.edu /classes/cs490/04-05b/emmett.shear/index.htm   (210 words)

Macro Processing Language - SkaLinks.com   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13) M4 is a macro processor which reads its input and converts certain strings (macro calls) into special output. It′s most often used to preprocess source code for a programming language. The processed output is written to the standard output. www.skalinks.com /dir/detailed/listing274.html   (73 words)

Catalog of compilers: macro preprocessors expanded C-Refine is a preprocessor for C and languages that vaguely resemble C's syntax. It can be used as a pre-processor or to translate one language to another, or to extract selected information from files. `m4' has built-in functions for including files, running Unix commands, doing integer arithmetic, manipulating text in various ways, recursing, etc. `m4' can be used either as a front-end to a compiler or as a macro processor in its own right. www.idiom.com /free-compilers/ECATEGORY/macropre-1.html   (473 words)

M M4 is useful for writing text files which can be logically parsed, and is used by many programs as part of their build process. M4 has built-in functions for including files, running shell commands, doing arithmetic, etc. The autoconf program needs m4 for generating configure scripts, but not for running configure scripts. The AWK language is useful for manipulation of data files, text retrieval and processing, and for prototyping and experimenting with algorithms. www.tldp.org /LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/m.html   (9935 words)

Web Paging - Tips and Hints on M4 quoting The m4 macro language isn't very hard to master, but does pose some unique challenges once past the rudimentory simple macro substitution. Quite simply, there are things you can do with m4 that can't easily be done any other way. macros were to have their arguments quoted, it would delay the interpretation and instead of numerical values they would see text instead, which causes m4 to complain: Non-numeric argument to built-in `incr'. owen.sj.ca.us /rkowen/howto/webpaging/m4tipsquote.html   (748 words)

UUASC - April 3, 2003 - sendmail The sendmail.mc file is written in a language called m4, which was originally a pre-processor for Fortran (similar to cpp for C). m4 just expects a file with directives to be interspersed into it. The lower cased commands are actually part of the m4 language, whereas the upper cased commands are specific to sendmail. www.ultimateevil.org /~jeff/uuasc-2003-04-03.html   (2476 words)

Undecidable and Unthinkable Problems The language corresponding to the problem is the set of encoded problem instances that yield an answer of yes. also, the empty language, and the language of all strings, are both regular. Asking whether the language of a tm is regular, or not regular, is unthinkable. www.mathreference.com /lan-tm,undec.html   (792 words)

What Language Did I Use to Program These Pages?   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13) These pages contain many tables containing benchmark results, language feature summaries, etc. I definitely don't have time to keep all these things up-to-date manually, so all the tables and such are generated automatically. The language information at the top of each language page (how to get a compiler, newsgroup, mailing lists, etc) are likewise extracted and formatted from another database (LANGUAGES). Each language page includes a summary of the benchmarks for that language; this table is grepped out of the benchmark results by a simple Bourne shell script. www.lib.uchicago.edu /keith/crisis/how.html   (261 words)

Debian -- m4 GNU `m4' is an implementation of the traditional UNIX macro processor. It is mostly SVR4 compatible, although it has some extensions (for example, handling more than 9 positional parameters to macros). `m4' also has builtin functions for including files, running shell commands, doing arithmetic, etc. Autoconf needs GNU `m4' for generating `configure' scripts, but not for running them. packages.debian.org /unstable/interpreters/m4   (122 words)

Ascription is an Anathema to any Enthusiasm » Blog Archive » domain specific languages   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13) Back in the 1970s when I first learned Unix the key idea was that you built lots of clever tools which you’d then hook up in pipelines and shell scripts to solve larger problems. It looks like he stumbled across an article illustrating the micro-language approach and it made him sad to see how horribly complex this approach is in other languages. But the final finished micro language is very small and concise so it makes a nice introduction into the kind of programming that I miss when programming in other languages. enthusiasm.cozy.org /archives/2005/07/domain-specific-languages   (727 words)

The Meme Factory -- Software Gallery m4 macro package for preprocessing the master files It consists primarily of a macro, NAME, which can be used in place of CNAME and A resource records. Description: An interface between the Scheme language and the Sybase db-lib. www.meme.com /soft   (611 words)

ARSC HPC Users' Newsletter 249   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13) The autotools are written in a mixture of Bourne shell programming and the m4 macro language. It is possible to write your own m4 macros to be used with the autotools. If the language you want isn't included, you can download patterns off the web, or you can create your own. www.arsc.edu /support/news/HPCnews/HPCnews249.shtml#article1   (1580 words)

Unix Porting Project - Downloads   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13) GNU bc is an interactive algebraic language with arbitrary precision which GNU `m4' is an implementation of the traditional UNIX macro language is useful for manipulation of data files, text retrieval and www.riscos.info /unix/indexes/cli.html   (1282 words)

Macro Programming Systems Macro programming systems were first created in the 1960s as a way to ease production of assembly language programs. macros is that they use a declarative pattern matching language rather than having the macro use Lisp code to search for what it should replace. A notable distinction between it and m4 is that linuxfinances.info /info/macros.html   (1011 words)

m4 - OneLook Dictionary Search Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "m4" is defined. M4 : Discover The Outdoors Glossary [home, info] Phrases that include m4: m4 sherman, bmw m4, bmw m4 coupé, globular cluster m4, m0 m1 m2 m3 m4 l, more... www.onelook.com /?w=m4   (111 words)

GNU m4, version 1.4   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13) Normally file inclusion is used to insert the contents of a file into the input stream. Some care is necessary because not every effort has been made for this to work in all cases. In cases like this one, an interdiction for a macro to hold its own name would be a useless limitation. www.uni-koblenz.de /~admin/Doku/Links/html/m4.html   (8022 words)

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