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	Whirlpool Galaxy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The spiral galactic structure was first observed in this galaxy, which is the dominant member of the M51 group of galaxies.
		Sometimes M51 is used to refer to the pair of galaxies, in which case the individual galaxies may be referred to as M51A (NGC 5194) and M51B (NGC 5195).
		In 2005 a supernova was observed in the Whirlpool Galaxy, peaking at apparent magnitude 14.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Whirlpool_Galaxy (175 words)

	Whirlpool Galaxy - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Whirlpool Galaxy (also known as Spiral Galaxy M51, Messier Object 51, Messier 51, M51, or NGC 5194) is a classic spiral galaxy located in the Canes Venatici constellation.
		The Whirpool Galaxy is one of the brightest, most compelling galaxies in the sky, visible with binoculars.
		Sometimes M51 is used to refer to the pair of galaxies, in which case the individual galaxies may be referred to as M51A (5194) and M51B (5195).
	open-encyclopedia.com /M51 (146 words)

	Whirlpool Galaxy -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Whirlpool Galaxy (also known as Spiral Galaxy M51, Messier Object 51, Messier 51, M51, or NGC 5194) is a classic (A galaxy having a spiral structure; arms containing younger stars spiral out from old stars at the center) spiral galaxy located in the (additional info and facts about Canes Venatici constellation) Canes Venatici constellation.
		The Whirpool Galaxy is one of the brightest, most compelling (additional info and facts about galaxies) galaxies in the sky, visible with (An optical instrument designed for simultaneous use by both eyes) binoculars.
		The galaxy is less than 37 million (The distance that light travels in a vacuum in 1 year; 5.88 trillion miles or 9.46 trillion kilometers) light years away from (The 3rd planet from the sun; the planet on which we live) Earth — some measurements put the distance at only 15 million.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /Encyclopedia/W/Wh/Whirlpool_Galaxy.htm (252 words)

	Groups of Galaxies containing Messier objects
		Groups and Clusters of Galaxies with Messier objects
		Galaxies are usually members of groups or clusters, and those listed in Messier's catalog are no exceptions.
		M104 is the dominating member of a small group called the M104 group or NGC 4594 group of galaxies.
	seds.lpl.arizona.edu /messier/g-group.html (565 words)

	Stars Galaxies and Beyond (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Irregular Galaxy WLM (Wulf-Lundmark-Melotte Galaxy) in Cetus--Local Group
		Irregular or Lenticular Galaxy UGCA 92 in Camelopardalis
		Irregular Galaxy NGC 5195 in Canes Venaciti--Companion of M51
	www.meatnpotatoes.com /solar-beyond.html (1165 words)

	M51 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The famous Whirlpool galaxy M51 was one of Messier's original discoveries: He discovered it on October 13, 1773, when observing a comet.
		M51 is the dominating member of a small group of galaxies.
		This galaxy was the first one where the spiral structure was discovered (Lord Rosse, 1845, who made a very careful and accurate painting).
	www.intercom.net /user/shaffer/messier/m51.html (331 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The diameter of M51 galaxy is calculated to be about 100 000 light years, but this depends on the estimated distance between the Milky Way and M51.
		M51 is shaped like a spiral, which might be due to the galaxy's interaction with its neighbour, NGC 5195, which was discovered in 1781 by Pierre Méchain, who in fact was Messier's assistant.
		M51 is the dominating member of a small group of galaxies whereas the Milky Way together with Andromeda and M33 galaxy are dominant in a group consisting of about ten galaxies.
	www.vt-2004.org /outreach/eduoff/edu-prog/catchastar/CAS2002/cas-projects/finland_m51_1 (910 words)

	Messier Object 51
		The famous Whirlpool galaxy M51 was one of Charles Messier's original discoveries: He discovered it on October 13, 1773, when observing a comet, and described it as a "very faint nebula, without stars" which is difficult to see.
		This galaxy was the first one where the spiral structure was discovered, in spring 1845 by Lord Rosse, who made a very careful and acurate painting.
		On June 27, 2005, German amateur Wolfgang Kloehr found SN 2005cs 15"W and 67.3"S of the nucleus of M51 as it was at mag 13.5 (and rising) - this supernova was found to be of type II by the analysis of its spectrum.
	www.maa.agleia.de /Messier/E/m051.html (626 words)

	Galaxies
		M61 is one of the larger galaxies in the Virgo cluster; its 6 arc minutes of diameter correspond to about 100,000 light years, similar to the diameter of the Milky Way galaxy.
		The pronounced grand-design spiral galaxy M81 forms a most conspicuous physical pair with its neighbor, M82, and is the brightest and probably dominant galaxy of a nearby group called M81 group.
		This beautiful spiral galaxy is an outlying member of the M81 group of galaxies, and thus about 12 million light years distant.
	www.sitterson.net /fellows/GalaxyPics.htm (2956 words)

	Whirlpool Galaxy (M51, NGC 5194)
		The main galaxy was discovered by Charles Messier in 1773, the companion by Pierre Méchain in 1781.
		M51 is the first galaxy in which spiral structure was discovered, by Lord Rosse in 1845.
		M51 is the dominant member of a small group of galaxies that also includes the Sunflower Galaxy (M63) and half a dozen other smaller systems.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/W/Whirlpool_Galaxy.html (186 words)

	Curious About Astronomy? Galaxies
		Galaxies with prominent bulges and pronounced spiral arms are classified as "Sb" (M31, M81) or "SBb" (M95, NGC 4725).
		Though the origin of lenticular galaxies is still debated the most plausible explanation to date is that the gas and stars that would reside in the galaxy disk have been stripped by interactions with the hot gas in clusters and groups of galaxies.
		This irregular class of galaxies is a miscellaneous class, comprising small galaxies with no identifiable form like the Magellanic clouds (the Large Magellanic Cloud and Small Magellanic Cloud are two satellite galaxies of the Milky Way) and "peculiar" galaxies that appear to be in disarray like NGC 1313.
	curious.astro.cornell.edu /galaxies.php (1763 words)

	Galaxies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		These galaxies can be further subclassified according to the size of their nuclear bulge and the degree to which their arms are wound up.
		Elliptical galaxies are identified by the letter E followed by a number indicating the apparent shape of the galaxy.
		Galaxies do change their appearance over billions of years, but an isolated galaxy will not change from a spiral to elliptical or vice versa.
	www.goshen.edu /nasc/NaSc200/Notes/Galaxies/Galaxies.html (2430 words)

	[No title]
		M51, NGC 5194/5195 (Sc/SB?): The Whirlpool Galaxy in Canes Venatici.
		M51 is actually two galaxies: NGC 5194, a large Sc spiral and a smaller companion NGC 5195 which a sort of barred galaxy.
		A cartoon of the Earl of Rosse's sketch of M51A/B, NGC 5194/5195 (Sc/SB?): The Whirlpool Galaxy in Canes Venatici.
	www.physics.unlv.edu /~jeffery/astro/galaxy/galaxy.html (1709 words)

	2MASS Atlas Image Gallery
		The Local Group is a gravitationally-bound aggregate of galaxies, which is a subunit of the much larger Local Supercluster of groups and galaxy clusters, including the Virgo Cluster.
		It is this galaxy for which water megamasers detected in the radio orbiting very near the galaxy's center indicate the presence of a supermassive fl hole and allow an accurate kinematical measurement of the fl hole's mass.
		This galaxy has been host to six historical supernovae, four of which are thought to arise from young, massive stellar progenitors, both near the nucleus and in the spiral arms, further evidence for the vigorous galactic star formation.
	www.ipac.caltech.edu /2mass/gallery/images_galaxies.html (5729 words)

	Galaxy Types (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		M87 giant elliptical galaxy, the dominant galaxy in Virgo Cluster.
		Observations of distant galaxies indicates that spiral galaxies were more common in the past than they are today.
		One problem is that if most of the mass in galaxies is unaccounted for, we have a hard time understanding the dynamics of galaxy formation.
	zebu.uoregon.edu /~soper/Galaxies/types.html (291 words)

	[No title]
		The spiral nature of some galaxies (historically nebulae) was first discovered from M51 by the Earl of Rosse in 1845apr at Birr Castle, Parsontown, Ireland using the Leviathan of Parsontown (1.83 m diameter telescope) (CK-366; No-435--437).
		In most galaxies the orbital speed (e.g., in km/s) is fairly constant, but this means that the angular orbital speed (e.g., in degrees/s) falls off with radius from the galactic center.
		GALAXY FORMATION is a complex process and is not fully elucidated although we are learning more and more all the time from modeling and observations particularly of cosmologically remote regions which are timewise part of the early universe (FK-601--603).
	www.physics.unlv.edu /~jeffery/astro/astro1/lec028.html (4911 words)

	M51: The Whirlpool Galaxy [Free Republic]
		The smaller galaxy appearing here below and to the left is well behind M51, as can be inferred by the dust in a foreground spiral arm blocking light from this smaller galaxy.
		spiral structure is primarily due to its gravitational interaction with this smaller galaxy.
		M51 is one of a select few spiral galaxies whose spiral structure is viewable (visually, not just photographically) in amateur telescopes (about 8" to 10" mirror or so and a dark sky is needed).
	www.freerepublic.com /forum/a397be7727dc6.htm (335 words)

	StarDateCards.com Send Message to M51 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		M51 is a Spiral Galaxy in Canes Venatici, at only 30 million light years distant and fully 60 thousand light years across, M51, also known as NGC 5194, is one of the brightest and most picturesque galaxies on the sky.
		M51 is a spiral galaxy of type Sc and is the dominant member of a whole group of galaxies.
		Astronomers speculate that M51's spiral structure is primarily due to its gravitational interaction with a smaller galaxy just off the top of this image.
	www.stardatecards.com /target.asp?TargetID=10&MonthID=5 (139 words)

	Through the Universe at the Speed of Light (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		M51 The Whirlpool Galaxy, located about 15 million light-years from Earth, is undergoing a tidal interaction with its companion SB galaxy.
		The four bright spots in the forground are lensed images of a spiral galaxy lying behind the cluster.
		The Hubble Deep Field, the deepest space photograph taken to date shows galaxies billions of light years away, as they were when the Universe was only a fraction of its current age, believed to be 10--20 billion years.
	cassfos02.ucsd.edu /public/tutorial/Intro.html (1936 words)

	Galaxies
		Our galaxy, the Milky Way is part of a local group of galaxies that are traveling through space together.
		This is the Andromeda galaxy (M31) in the constellation of Andromeda.
		This was the first galaxy that I managed to view through a telescope and it was a little disappointing (I guess my expectations were clouded a little by pictures like the one opposite!) as it appeared as a big fuzzy patch, no detail of the spiral arms could be made out.
	www.geocities.com /the_150mm_reflector/galaxies.htm (1195 words)

	A small scope and galaxies in Ursa Major and Virgo - Astronomy.com Forums
		M51 was large disk extending almost all the way to 5195’s core.
		The last galaxy view in the general M51 area was NGC 5448.
		When Ed was looking at it he said he thought he could see another galaxy in the same field of view that was next to a star adjacent to the star we used to find 4459.
	www.astronomy.com /ASY/CS/forums/276572/PrintPost.aspx (803 words)

	The M51 group of galaxies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		A smaller galaxy group at a distance of 37 million light years.
		Brent Tully's Nearby Galaxies Catalog lists a total of 8 members of this group; in addition to the two Messier galaxies and M51's companion NGC 5195, they are: NGCs 5023 and 5229 as well as UGCs 8313, 8331 and 8683.
		This group is rather loose and clearly dominated by the two Messier galaxies.
	www.seds.org /messier/more/m051gr.html (122 words)

	NASA's Observatorium--Image Gallery: Galaxies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Whirlpool galaxy is frequently given as an example of a galaxy with classic spiral design.
		At only 15 million light-years distant, M51, also cataloged as NGC 5194, is one of the brighter and more picturesque galaxies in the sky.
		The smaller galaxy appearing here above and to the right is also well behind M51, as can be inferred by the dust in M51's spiral arm that is blocking light from this smaller galaxy.
	observe.arc.nasa.gov /nasa/gallery/image_gallery/universe/universe_gal6.html (605 words)

	Ptolemy's Sphere of Visible Stars
		M51 is the famous Whirlpool galaxy, discovered by Charles Messier on October 13, 1773 when observing a comet.
		Here is M102 (left), a "local group" galaxy which is convenient for our calculation of the diameter of Ptolemy's sphere of visible stars because we are viewing it on edge and its dimensions can be more easily estimated.
		As an aside, we're using the great galaxy of Andromeda to illustrate where Ptolemy's sphere would be because Andromeda is about the same size as the Milky Way (1.5 times as large) and, like Andromeda, the Milky Way is believed also to be a spiral galaxy.
	www.csudh.edu /oliver/smt310-handouts/ptolemys/ptolemys.sphere.htm (895 words)

	Galaxies and the Universe - Discovery of Galaxies
		Galaxies were not recognized as a distinct kind of nebular object until the late 19th century, when visual spectroscopy (Huggins) of the Andromeda spiral (M31) showed a continuous spectrum.
		Meanwhile study of the Magellanic Clouds (by Henrietta Leavitt and Annie Cannon) laid a basis for measuring galaxy distances, via the period-luminosity relation for pulsating Cepheid variables.
		Using the 100" reflector on Mt. Wilson, Edwin Hubble found Cepheids in what are now known as Local Group galaxies - M31, M33, IC 1613 - and established them as so distant that they must be separate systems.
	www.astr.ua.edu /keel/galaxies/history.html (589 words)

	A study of M51-type galaxies
		30, P. If available, the galaxy identifications are given for the both components (first one - for the primary, second one - for the companion).The data have been extracted from both the NED and LEDA databases, as well as from our own measurements.
		Dist - adopted distance (Mpc), the radial velocities have been corrected to the centroid of the Local Group and for infall of the Local Group towards the Virgo cluster.
		- the B band luminosity of satellite to luminosity of main galaxy ratio.
	www.astro.spbu.ru /staff/serg/interests/astronomy/m51systems/m51systems.html (379 words)

	Erectus - Spring Lesser sky
		The famous Whirlpool galaxy M51 was the first one where the spiral structure was discovered, in 1845 by Lord Rosse, who made a very careful and acurate painting.
		Therefore, M51 is sometimes referenced as Rosse's Galaxy or Lord Rosse's Question Mark.
		Although 6 degrees south, it apparently forms a physical group with M51 and several smaller galaxies, the M51 group, which is about 24 million light years distant.
	www.erectus.org /astroless2.html (515 words)

	APOD: 2001 April 10 - M51: The Whirlpool Galaxy in Dust and Stars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Explanation: The Whirlpool Galaxy is a classic spiral galaxy.
		M51, also known as NGC 5194, is one of the brightest and most
		spiral structure is primarily due to its gravitational interaction with a smaller galaxy just off the top of this image.
	antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov /apod/ap010410.html (148 words)

	M63 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		M63 was the very first discovery of a Deep Sky object by Messier's friend, Pierre Mechain, who caught it up on June 14, 1779.
		The Sunflower galaxy M63 is a spiral of type Sb or Sc, displaying a patchy spiral pattern which can be traced well to the periphery of its only 6 arc seconds small smooth-textured central region.
		Although 6 degrees south, it apparently forms a physical group with M51 and several smaller galaxies, the M51 group, which is about 37 million light years distant.
	www.intercom.net /user/shaffer/messier/m63.html (201 words)

	Galaxies
		The Andromeda Galaxy (Messier 31) is a nearby neighbor within the Local Group of galaxies.
		Here, all that can be seen is the core of M51 (fuzzy white blob at center), and the core of the elliptical companion galaxy NGC 5195 (fuzzy orange blob to the North).
		These galaxies were photographed in separate sets of 6 32-sec images.
	homepage.mac.com /rarendt/Pics/galaxies.html (706 words)

	The Best and Brightest Hickson Compact Groups of Galaxies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The images--and their scale--by the way, are composed for aesthetic reasons, in other words: they are not designed to be used as eyepiece finder fields, as the orientation and scale vary widely.
		Anyway, the real challenge is to see A; a detached member of this group, and an edge-on gal, to boot.
		HICKSON 57 (Copeland's Septet) (11 38; +22) Seven gals seen of approximate same mag; one of the seven seen was technically not part of the group.
	members.aol.com /anonglxy/besthick.htm (724 words)

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