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Topic: MANPADS

	Man Portable Air Defense System (MANPADS)
		Vulnerability reduction techniques are needed to insure the survivability of military and civil transport aircraft engaged by MANPADS missile threats.
		MANPADS and small arms fire should be used to protect maneuver units when passive air defense measures fail.
		Due to the dense jungle vegetation, that may entail moving along a ridge line on the flank of the axis of advance, travelling down a waterway, or hopping from LZ to LZ.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/intro/manpads.htm (1210 words)

	The MANPADS Menace: Combating the Threat to Global Aviation from Man-Portable Air Defense Systems
		MANPADS (tube with missile within), typically range from about 4 feet to 6 1/2 feet (1.2 to 2 meters) in length and are about 3 inches (72 millimeters) in diameter.
		MANPADS are intended to be used by legitimate national military forces to protect their troops and facilities.
		With their relatively short range, MANPADS are generally the last missile-based air defense and are often deployed in tandem with gun-type systems that seek to defeat attacking aircraft by destroying them with a barrage of projectiles.
	www.state.gov /t/pm/rls/fs/53558.htm (2156 words)

	Evian G8 Summit
		Manpads are surface-to-air missile systems specially designed to be carried and fired by a single individual.
		Manpads are portable and easily concealed, yet capable of potentially catastrophic destruction.
		Given the increasing number of Manpads in world-wide circulation, we commit ourselves to reducing their proliferation and call upon all countries to strengthen control of their Manpads stockpiles.
	www.info-france-usa.org /news/statmnts/2003/g8summit_manpads060203.asp (1039 words)

	GAO-04-519, Nonproliferation: Further Improvements Needed in U.S. Efforts to Counter Threats from Man-Portable Air ...
		MANPADS Are Widely Available Worldwide: Since the 1950s, 20 countries have developed or produced at least 30 different types of MANPADS, with a total production of more than a million missiles.
		Therefore, the number of MANPADS outside national controls may have doubled.[Footnote 16] The U.S. government is also concerned that thousands of MANPADS under the control of some foreign governments may be vulnerable to theft and possible transfer to terrorist groups through the fl and gray markets.
		MANPADS typically have a "fire-and-forget" design that does not require the operator to remain in place to help guide the missile to its target.
	www.gao.gov /htext/d04519.html (15902 words)

	- The Wassenaar Arrangement - MANPADS
		MANPADS are herein defined as surface-to-air missile systems designed to be carried by an individual or by individuals, including complete systems, components, spare parts, models, training systems, and simulators.
		Decisions to permit MANPADS exports will be made by competent authorities of the exporting government, only to foreign governments or to agents authorized by the government.
		MANPADS exports will be evaluated in light of Wassenaar Arrangement Initial Elements and Wassenaar document "Elements for Objective Analysis and Advice Concerning Potentially Destabilizing Accumulations of Conventional Weapons" and any subsequent amendments thereto.
	www.sipri.org /contents/expcon/wass2000man.html (665 words)

	Falcon 4.0: MANPADS In Modern Warfare: David and Goliath
		MANPAD simply represents the man-portable anti-aircraft missile as represented by the Russian SA-7 family and the US Stinger family.
		Yet the small number of MANPADS present in Kovoso were enough to hold even the A-10s at bay most of the time.
		While the Afghan war was a dramatic demonstration on the portent of portable SAMs for the future of high tech fighters and bombers, this war was not followed closely by the media or the general public.
	www.combatsim.com /review.php?id=579 (2234 words)

	ALPA MANPADS Task Force Update
		MANPADS pose a serious threat, but we have seen a knee-jerk reaction from a number of members of Congress on this issue.
		Meanwhile, airlines should amend their flight-training curricula to instruct flight crews on planning for a MANPADS attack, on alternate airport considerations in the event of an actual hit, and on emergency flight procedures, particularly for cases in which flight control by conventional means is lost or impaired.
		MANPADS require training and practice to use well, but a competent operator needs only 10 seconds or less to acquire a target and launch a missile.
	www.alpa.org /DesktopModules/ALPA_Documents/ALPA_DocumentsView.aspx?itemid=1003&ModuleId=1284&Tabid=256 (2703 words)

	Manpads
		MANPADS are "surface-to-air" missile systems, designed so that an operator can fire missiles at aircraft from the ground.
		The concern that MANPADS are in the hands of, or can easily be acquired by, non-state groups intent on downing civilian and military aircraft has led the US, and to a lesser extent Russia, to push for a range of global measures to reduce the risk of MANPADS attacks.
		However, there is little doubt that the attention brought to the MANPADS weapons class has resulted in the elimination of thousands of the systems and has advanced the transparency of missile exports, imports, and possession.
	www.ploughshares.ca /libraries/monitor/mons04e.htm (1089 words)

	AIN Online January 2003: Do SAMs pose a real threat to civil aviation? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Once launched, a manpad’s missile moves out at some 1,500 mph, though the weapons are generally considered to be effective only on relatively slow-moving targets at low altitude.
		The first reported attempt to use a manpad against a civilian aircraft came in 1973, when Palestinian terrorists in Rome were arrested before they could launch their weapons.
		Among Russian-designed manpads, the SA-16/18 class is the state of the art– said to have shot down the lion’s share of allied aircraft lost during Desert Storm.
	www.ainonline.com /issues/01_03/01_03_doSAMsposepg1.html (1858 words)

	SFOR: Symbolic Destruction of MANPADS Stockpile
		They determined that all of the MANPADS in BiH were unreliable and obsolete.
		On November 10, 2003 a small sample of MANPADS from both Entities was destroyed in a ceremony highlighting the co-operative effort and commitment between the US and BiH to dispose of all MANPADS in BiH.
		Both the VF and VRS have too many munitions for the size of their forces, many of the munitions are in poor condition.
	www.nato.int /sfor/indexinf/articles/031205b/t031205b.htm (866 words)

	Small Arms Survey - MANPADS
		Man-portable air defence systems (MANPADS) are small, light, missile-launching weapons designed to be fired by an operator on the ground against a target in the air.
		Because MANPADS technology is more advanced than most small arms and light weapons, their production is confined to a relatively small number of countries.
		MANPADS have been the focus of a number of national, multilateral and global initiatives aimed at controlling proliferation.
	www.smallarmssurvey.org /files/portal/spotlight/manpads/man.html (516 words)

	Commercial Aviation MANPADS Defense Act
		There are two significant threats to commercial aviation today: first of all, there is the threat of explosives carried on board a civil aviation aircraft; and then there is the second significant threat which is shoulder-fired missiles.
		While it may be difficult to attack domestic aviation in light of the current security measures that we have put in place, the availability of MANPADS weapons of terror is still a great cause for concern.
		This has been demonstrated repeatedly, most recently by the November 2002 attack in Kenya, by the 2003 attack on the DHL plane in Baghdad, and also most recently in August of 2003 by the arrest in New York City of three men accused in a plot to smuggle shoulder-fired missiles into the United States.
	www.house.gov /mica/fs072104.htm (839 words)

	AEI - Short Publications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		While the profile of the MANPAD threat is startling to many Americans, MANPADs have been considered a serious threat to aviation, both military and civilian, for quite some time by the intelligence community.
		MANPADs are an excellent example of the growing number of weapons of mass murder our country faces in a 21st-century world in which a growing number of small enemies are focused on total war with the United States.
		While a MANPAD is considered a tactical weapon when used against military aircraft, when one uses it against a civilian airliner, it becomes a weapon of mass murder.
	www.aei.org /publications/filter.foreign,pubID.19233/pub_detail.asp (946 words)

	Man-Portable Air Defense Systems (MANPADS) Proliferation: Understanding the Problem (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		There are an estimated 500,000 MANPADS in the world today, many thousands of which are thought to be on the fl market and therefore accessible to terrorists and other non-state actors.
		The agreement discourages MANPADS transfers to end-users other than states, and to governments that are unwilling or unable to protect against theft, loss, misuse, or diversion of the MANPADS themselves or related technical information.
		See also the section on MANPADS in Chapter 5, Table 5, which lists the storage, handling and retransfer requirements that must be included as part of any U.S. MANPADS sale/transfer to foreign governments.
	www.fas.org.cob-web.org:8888 /asmp/campaigns/MANPADS/MANPADS.html (6280 words)

	The Proliferation of MANPADS
		Today, MANPADs of various types are in the hands of as many as 27 guerrilla and terrorist groups around the world.
		While it is true that all MANPAD batteries have a finite shelf life, these can be replaced with commercially purchased batteries available on the open market and technically proficient terrorist groups might also be able to construct hybrid batteries to replace used ones.
		Clearly, the shelf life of MANPADs is, in large part, dependent on the conditions in which the weapon is stored.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/news/798125/posts (1047 words)

	NDM Article - Man-Portable Missiles Imperil Both Military, Civilian Aircraft
		Manpads most often are heat-seeking missiles, employing sensors that home in on the target’s infrared signature, such as the engine.
		The fear of manpads became a front-page story last November, when alleged terrorists fired two SA-7 surface-to-air weapons against a Boeing 757 airliner chartered to evacuate Israeli civilians out of Mombasa, Kenya.
		Manpads are effective up to 15,000 feet in altitude, and 3 miles in range.
	www.nationaldefensemagazine.org /issues/2003/Aug/Man-Portable.htm (1230 words)

	Aviation Security Fact Sheet
		The Threat: The unsuccessful missile attack on an Israeli commercial airliner in Mombasa, Kenya, in November 2002 was a stark reminder of the threat posed by terrorists possessing MANPADS.
		MANPADS are widely available on fl or gray markets around the world.
		Other U.S. Action: The United States is also addressing MANPADS proliferation with the 33 nations of the Wassenaar Arrangement, which promotes international transparency and responsibility in the transfer of conventional arms, as well as bilaterally with key countries of concern.
	www.whitehouse.gov /news/releases/2003/06/20030602-13.html (222 words)

	Department of State's MANPADS Threat Reduction Efforts
		During the October 2003 APEC summit, APEC economies issued a statement on MANPADS similar to the G-8 Action Plan.
		New MANPADS initiatives are also being proposed in the OSCE and in other regional fora.
		Bilateral efforts are focused on regions and countries where there is a combination of excess MANPADS stocks, poor control, and a demonstrable risk of proliferation to terrorist groups or other undesirable end-users.
	www.state.gov /t/np/acw/c12759.htm (225 words)

	Elements for Export Controls on MANPADS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		2.1 Decisions to permit MANPADS exports will be made by the exporting government by competent authorities at senior policy level and only to foreign governments or to agents specifically authorised to act on behalf of a government after presentation of an official EUC certified by the Government of the receiving country.
		2.6 MANPADS exports will be evaluated in the light of the Wassenaar Arrangement Initial Elements and the Wassenaar document "Elements for Objective Analysis and Advice Concerning Potentially Destabilising Accumulations of Conventional Weapons" and any subsequent amendments thereto.
		Such measures are subject to a voluntary consent of the exporting government and the recipient state.
	www.wassenaar.org /2003Plenary/MANPADS_2003.htm (1022 words)

	U.S.-Russia Arrangement on Cooperation in Enhancing Control of Man-Portable Air Defense Systems (MANPADS) [February 24, ...
		One goal of this Arrangement is to facilitate the destruction of MANPADS that are obsolete or otherwise in excess of legitimate defense requirements.
		Mutual assistance in destroying excess and obsolete MANPADS through an exchange of information on the methods and means of destroying them as well as through the provision of technical and financial assistance in carrying out their destruction.
		Preventing the proliferation of MANPADS and their availability to criminals and terrorists is a top national security priority of the United States.
	www.usis.sk /pas/pr092en.html (538 words)

	More Delays On MANPADs
		MANPAD threat skeptics also argue even if such a missile knocked out one of an airliner's engines, it could still fly and safely land using its other ones.
		Indeed, beyond bureaucratic complacency, it is hard to see why equipping the U.S. civilian airliner fleet with MANPAD defenses would take as long as the homeland security report to Congress envisages.
		The American people discovered on the morning of Sept. 11, 2001 that complacency is no effective defense and neither is the argument that because something has never happened in the past, it cannot happen in the future.
	www.spacewar.com /reports/More_Delays_On_MANPADs_999.html (1138 words)

	The Seventh Congressional District of Florida (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This proposal seeks to direct the President to pursue through diplomatic efforts and treaties to limit the availability, transfer and proliferation of these surface-to-air missile systems.
		The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) would also be required to conduct airworthiness tests and provide safety certification for a counter-MANPADS system to be used to protect commercial aircraft from attack.
		Terrorists have attempted to shoot down commercial aircraft using these weapons in the past and it is important that our nation's aviation infrastructure be protected from such an attack.
	www.house.gov /mica/projavmanpads.htm (165 words)

	When Government Regulations Hinder Security: Shoulder-Fired Missile Defenses
		Shoulder-fired missiles (in military terminology, man-portable air defense systems or MANPADS) are easily obtainable around the world and have been used by terrorists to bring down civilian aircraft.
		Technologies to defend against MANPADS are in various stages of development.
		Given that over 1 million MANPADS have been produced worldwide and that they are easily available on the fl market, it is very likely that terrorists have already acquired them.
	www.heritage.org /Research/NationalSecurity/bg1902.cfm (1969 words)

	ShoulderingResponsibility for the MANPADS Threat
		Terrorist organizations like Osama bin Laden's al-Qaida network are already believed to own such missiles, and some say it will only be a matter of time before they filter into the U.S. -- if they haven't already.
		So-called Man-Portable Air Defense Systems, or MANPADS, are capable of knocking a jet out of the sky from as far as five miles away and at an altitude of up to 13,000 feet in as little as 13 seconds.
		Most of those downed by surface-to-air missiles were by SAM-7s, not MANPADs.
	www.iasa.com.au /folders/Security_Issues/manpads-1.html (525 words)

	Resistance Uses SAMS And MANPADS To Control Iraq Skies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Additionally, in a news story, which U.S. Central Command denies, CNN reported Feb. 7 that a U.S. C-130 was fired at by a man-portable air defense system (MANPADS) near Taqadum and a C-17 encountered small-arms fire near BIA.
		The series of this Surface to Air Missile attacks by the insurgents suggests that they are trained military personnel, perhaps of the Saddam regime.
		The SAMs and the MANPADS could be the ones hidden by Saddam or freshly supplied to the insurgents by the Syrians or others.
	www.rense.com /general62/resids.htm (445 words)

	Asian Aerospace 2004: Manpads inspire new cause célèbre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Threats to airliners posed by man-portable air defense systems (manpads) in the hands of terrorists have provoked a scramble to develop effective and affordable countermeasures.
		Moreover, the flight trials will be expected to prove not only the systems’ effectiveness against manpads but also their ability to achieve a 3,000-hour mean time between failure (MTBF).
		Airlines and security agencies may take comfort from the fact that some transport aircraft have survived manpads attacks, notably a DHL-operated Airbus A300 that was severely damaged last November, and more recently a USAF C-5 that suffered a missile hit.
	www.ainonline.com /Publications/asian/asian_04/d1_manpadsp40.html (1270 words)

	USATODAY.com - The rush to fight missiles aimed at planes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		But just as many "bad guys" as "good guys" may be armed with MANPADS (man-portable air defense systems) these days, and some experts say that it would be far too easy for one of them to attack an American airliner.
		But thousands of cheap MANPADS remain in circulation — many of the estimated 500,000 to 750,000 produced since the 1970s and bearing such names as Stinger (U.S.), Strela (Russian), Vanguard (Chinese), Blowpipe (British), and Mistral (French).
		At least 5,000 of those are estimated to be outside any government's control, and experts say just one could do great damage to the airline industry — as much as $70 billion in economic losses from a single attack.
	www.usatoday.com /news/washington/2005-05-18-missiles_x.htm?csp=34 (915 words)

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