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	Mbone - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		It is anticipated that the MBone eventually becomes obsolete as more routers understand and forward multicast traffic.
		The Mbone is currently of practical use for shared communication such as videoconferences or shared collaborative workspaces.
		The Mbone is not generally connected to Internet Service Providers but is often connected to universities and research institutions.
	open-encyclopedia.com /MBONE (96 words)

	MBONE - Multicast backBONE
		MBONE is actually a network that is already in use by researchers.
		MBONE technology is expected to significantly enhance the way the Internet is used to transmit audio and video.
		An interesting innovation is the use of MBONE for audio communications and an electronic "whiteboard" where the computer screen becomes a shared workspace where two physically remote parties can draw on and edit shared documents in real-time.
	www.auditmypc.com /acronym/MBONE.asp (444 words)

	Mbone - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mbone, short for "multicast backbone", is an experimental backbone for multicast traffic across the Internet.
		It is anticipated that the MBone will eventually become obsolete as more routers understand and forward multicast traffic, which is a standard feature in IPv6.
		A major difficulty with the commercialization of multicast routers is that it is more difficult for an ISP to compute charges for Multicast traffic.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mbone (206 words)

	voice over ip - mbone
		The MBONE is a critical piece of the technology that's makes the sharing of any digital information, like data, voice, and video conferencing on the Internet, cheap and convenient.
		MBONE video is nowhere close to television quality, but at a few frames a second, video quality is good enough for many purposes.
		The MBONE's capability to carry remote audio and video makes it a wonderful tool for seminars, lectures, and other forms of "distance education." Imagine sitting in on a lecture that's being given live thousands of miles away and even asking questions or contributing to a panel discussion.
	www2.rad.com /networks/1996/iphone/mbone.htm (1075 words)

	NNTP over MBone
		MBone is a technology that enables distribution of and access to real-time interactive multimedia on the Internet.
		One possibility is to combinate unreliable but effective MBone UDP stream with reliable but not multicast capable TCP stream or streams to form a system that has both important properties: efficiency and reliability.
		Today MBone administration is not neccesserely as easy as it shoud be for everyone to use it, and not every operating system platform supports MBone.
	www.tml.tkk.fi /Opinnot/Tik-110.551/1997/inws6.html (2727 words)

	MBone - a Whatis.com definition - see also: Multicast Backbone, Multicast Internet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The MBone consists of known servers (mostly on UNIX workstations) that are equipped to handle the multicast protocol.
		The MBone consists of a backbone with a mesh topology which is used by servers that redistribute the multicast in their region in a star topology.
		The channel bandwidth for MBone multicasts is 500 kilobits per second and actual traffic is from 100-300 kilobits depending on content.
	searchnetworking.techtarget.com /sDefinition/0,,sid7_gci212533,00.html (394 words)

	Multicast Group Behavior in the Internet's Multicast Backbone (MBone)
		One important characteristic of the MBone is its reliance on IP multicast which allows receivers to join and leave groups asynchronously.
		The MBone behavior we are most interested in is based on the scheduling of worldwide MBone "events" which are typically announced ahead of time in a global session directory.
		The MBone has been in a constant state of development since its inception in 1992 when 20 sites were connected together to receive the March meeting of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) [1].
	www.comsoc.org /~ci/private/1997/jun/Almeroth.html (4542 words)

	MBONE Computer Encyclopedia Enterprise Resource Directory Complete Guide to Internet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		It was adopted at the {IETF} March 1992 meeting and acquired the name MBONE after the July 1992 IETF meeting.
		Each network-provider participant in the MBONE provides one or more IP multicast routers to connect with tunnels to other participants and to customers.
		Note that end-user sites may participate with as little as one workstation that runs the packet audio and video software and has a tunnel to a network-provider node.
	jaysir.com /computer-encyclopedia/m/mbone-computer-terms.htm (263 words)

	4 Planet Multicast: Geographic MBone Maintenance
		The MBone was designed to provide interim support by using tunnels between routers that have been upgraded to support multicast, and those that are capable only of unicast routing.
		MBone tunnels are intended to stitch together the parts of the Internet that have not been upgraded to native multicast support.
		As the size of the MBone grew and Internet congestion became increasingly problematic, there was greater incentive to tune tunnel placement to provide the most efficient distribution topology and minimize the imposed Internet workload.
	graphics.stanford.edu /papers/munznerthesis/html/node9.html (5467 words)

	Making the MBone Real
		An examination of the current set of MBone routes however reveals that this reduction is still not sufficient to match the MBone's growth rate.
		As the MBone becomes an integral part of the Internet, it may be necessary to merge unicast and multicast routing information to avoid having to maintain separate routing tables.
		The MBone has been regarded as one of the Internet's ``success disasters'': an experiment that has rapidly outgrown the confines of the lab or the testbed, using prototype software that was never meant to operate at the scale that is being demanded by its users.
	www.isoc.org /HMP/PAPER/227/html/paper.html (5379 words)

	MBone -- Communications for the Next Millennium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		MBone was first used to simulcast the March 1992 Internet Engineering Task Force conference.
		Since then, it has provided around-the-clock coverage of space shuttle flights, an opportunity for doctors in England and Sweden to observe and question a surgeon in San Francisco performing a complex liver operation, and a place for Ph.D. candidates to defend their dissertations to committee members.
		Consequently, local and regional networks have had to be jury-rigged to patch individuals to an MBone session.
	www.lbl.gov /Science-Articles/Research-Review/Highlights/1994/MBone.html (403 words)

	MBONE - an overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		MBONE today is used by several hundred researchers for developing protocols and applications for group communication.
		The MBONE topology and the scheduling of multicast sessions must be actively managed by the MBONE community to minimize congestion.
		MBONE protocol developers are currently experimenting with automatically pruning and grafting subtrees, but for the most part uses truncated broadcasts to the leaf routers.
	www-mice.cs.ucl.ac.uk /multimedia/projects/mice/mbone_review.html (2741 words)

	MCAST FAQ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		MBone (the Multicast Backbone) is a "virtual network" used for audio and video group conferencing.
		The MBone Sessions are controlled throught a program called sd which lets you subscribe and unsubscribe to broadcasts.
		Another good feature of the MBone is that the life of packets can be limited, For example a broadcast may be set to last 30 minutes.
	www-unix.umbc.edu /mcast/mcast.html (620 words)

	SURA "Mbone-H.323" Gateway Meeting Report
		The Mbone tools have their origins in the Internet community and are thus generally well behaved in an inter-organizational IP environment.
		Since the Mbone tool based implementations are not bound to any standard for describing how sessions are established, maintained, etc, there is more freedom on that side for gateway innovation.
		The main reason [is that] no one uses the Mbone network as a multicast network...As a company, we would work with each one of the groups if [each side realizes] that there is a business case to work together." "Technically we believe that we can build an Mbone gateway.
	www.sura.org /info_tech/gateways/VC_gateway_report.html (4556 words)

	Distance Education Using Linux and the MBone \| Linux Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		With this in mind, the ``MBone virtual classroom'' was developed at North Carolina State University to allow students to attend live engineering classes from a remote location by ``tuning in'' to the class from a workstation.
		This article describes how IP-multicast and the MBone tools were used to create the virtual classroom environment, and the development of DETA, the Distance Education Teaching Assistant, a Tcl/Tk-based wrapper which provides a simple, unified interface to the many hardware and software components of the virtual classroom.
		While this goal has yet to be achieved, we feel that the MBone tools and DETA, in combination with the Linux platform, represent a highly usable and cost-effective vehicle for the delivery of interactive distance education.
	www.linuxjournal.com /article/4018 (4530 words)

	MBONE: The Multicast Backbone
		MBone has also been used to distribute experimental data from a robot at the bottom of the Sea of Cortez (as will be described later) as well as a late Saturday night feature movie WAX or the Discovery of Television Among the Bees by David Blair.
		When we talk about MBone we sometimes mean the virtual network that implements multicasting, sometimes we refer to the applications that run on top of MBone (vat, nv, ivs, for example), and often we mean everything.
		Pruning as implemented in the MBone today works roughly like this: If a mrouted gets a multicast packet for which it has no receiving clients or tunnels to forward it to, it will drop the packet but also send a signal upstream that it does not want packets with that address.
	www.cs.ucsb.edu /~almeroth/classes/S99.290I/art1.html (5133 words)

	What is Mbone? - A Word Definition From the Webopedia Computer Dictionary
		The MBone is an experiment to upgrade the Internet to handle live multimedia messages.
		MBone servers have special Class D IP addresses.
		The Mbone was developed by Steve Deering at Xerox PARC and adopted by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) in March 1992.
	www.webopedia.com /TERM/M/Mbone.html (300 words)

	MBone
		All members of a group are able to send data to and receive data from the group.
		In our setting MBone is a combination of multicast routers and hosts, each host belonging to one of the routers.
		The distribution range of a packet within MBone is restricted through an integer value called TTL (Time To Live) which is assigned to every packet.
	acm.uva.es /p/v5/593.html (803 words)

	The MBone VCR Page
		MBone VCR man-page as postscript (vcr.ps, 37078 bytes)
		MBone VCR man-page as gziped postscript (vcr.ps.gz, 13602 bytes)
		MBone VCR - Video Conference Recording on the MBone Proceedings of the ACM MultiMedia '95, (San Francisco, CA, USA, November 5-9, 1995) ACM, New York, 1995 pp.237-238, 545-546.
	www.icsi.berkeley.edu /mbone-vcr (195 words)

	To the South Pole on MBone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Instead of sending massive amounts of data to individual routers, MBone routes real-time communications over the net by distributing and replicating the multicast data stream only as needed, thus making efficient distribution of data packets without congesting any single router.
		The MBone was created by Van Jacobson of Berkeley Lab's Information and Computing Sciences Division (ICSD), Steve Deering, then of Xerox Corp.'s Palo Alto Research Center, and Steve Casner of the University of Southern California.
		MBone's videoconferencing tools were develped by Jacobson and Berkeley Lab's Steve McCanne.
	www.lbl.gov /Science-Articles/Archive/mbone-south-pole.html (513 words)

	Chapter 3: The MBONE and Multicasting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In this chapter, we take a closer look at the MBONE and multicasting: what they are, how they work and what people are doing with them.
		Today, the MBONE is a critical piece of the technology that's needed to make multiple-person data, voice, and video conferencing on the Internet -- in fact, sharing any digital information -- cheap and convenient.
		December thinks that a number of scenarios are possible: The culture of the MBONE may develop like the e-zine (electronic magazine) culture, eventually giving rise to hundreds of "channels" of programming.
	www.savetz.com /mbone/ch3.html (275 words)

	MBone Provides Audio and Video Across the Internet
		MBone is augmented by "tunneling," a scheme to forward multicast packetsamong the islands of MBone subnets through Internet IP routers that(typically) do not support IP multicast.
		Responsible daily use of the MBone network consists merely of makingsure you don't overload your local or regional bandwidth capacity.MBone protocol developers are experimenting with automatically pruningand grafting subtrees, but for the most part MBone uses thresholds totruncate broadcasts to the leaf routers.
		MBone routing protocols are still immature and their ongoingdesign is a central part of this network experiment.
	www.ceap.wcu.edu /Houghton/Learner/Assess/Mbonedetails.html (4276 words)

	Visualizations of the MBONE
		In pursuit of insight into the MBONE topology, its growth characteristics, and the extent of the transition from the tunnel-based architecture to the deployment of native multicast, we developed and applied visualization tools to the database of connectivity information collected with the mwatch [MWAT] utility from University College London.
		DVMRP infrastructure comprised the vast majority of the MBONE until routers began to support native multicast via PIM, which is what new participants tend to deploy as they add multicast support to their network.
		One obstacle with continued mbone visualization research is that the mwatch caretakers have stopped ongoing operational maintenance and execution of the code.
	www.caida.org /outreach/papers/1999/manta/manta.html (5469 words)

	BARC - Telepresence - MBONE
		The most popular tools are sdr (for finding out about mbone sessions and starting new ones), vic (for video), wbd (whiteboard), and vat or rat (for audio).
		For some of the ports of vic to run your display must be set as 256 colours (8 bit) or else 24 bit.
		SHRIMP is a full suite of the MBone tools, including a transcoding gateway.
	research.microsoft.com /barc/mbone/MboneTools.aspx (290 words)

	RIPE Community Pages
		The Mbone Working-Group (WG) in RIPE is set up to enable the coordination of Mbone in Europe and to enhance the flow of information on Mbone related subjects inside the RIPE community.
		Coordination of Mbone in Europe is desired due to the nature of Mbone and its applications.
		General Mbone information is found on the 'main Mbone server' at www.mbone.com.
	www.ripe.net /ripe/wg/mbone/home.html (285 words)

	The MBONE FAQ
		The MBONE is an outgrowth of the first two IETF "audiocast" experiments in which live audio and video were multicast from the IETF meeting site to destinations around the world.
		We anticipate that within a continent, the MBONE topology will be a combination of mesh and star: the backbone and regional (or mid-level) networks will be linked by a mesh of tunnels among mrouted machines located primarily at interconnection points of the backbones and regionals.
		The person supporting a network's participation in the MBONE should have the skills of a network engineer, but a fairly small percentage of that person's time should be required.
	andrew.triumf.ca /pub/mbone/mbone.faq.html (5562 words)

	Introduction to the MBone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Since the MBone software and tools are developed at a diverse set of sites, it is difficult for the novice user of MBone videoconferencing to determine where to begin.
		The best way to get started in using the Mbone is to first review the section containing the list of items needed to participate in a MBone Session.
		The groups that are most actively developing new versions of the MBone videoconferencing tools are the MASH group at UC Berkeley and the UCL Multimedia Research Group, so you might want to check their sites for binaries first.
	dsd.lbl.gov /OldMisc/mbone (1922 words)

	Visualizing the Global Topology of the MBone
		Developed and initially deployed by researchers within the Internet community, the MBone has been extremely popular for efficient transmission across the Internet of real-time video and audio streams such as conferences, meetings, congressional sessions, and NASA shuttle launches.
		The interactive 3D maps permit an immediate understanding of the global structure unavailable from the data in its original form as lines of text with only hostnames and IP addresses.
		We distribute the interactive 3D maps through the World-Wide Web using the VRML file format, thus allowing network maintainers throughout the world to analyze the structure more effectively than would be possible with still pictures or pre-made videos.
	graphics.stanford.edu /papers/mbone (267 words)

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