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Topic: MDCT

	Modified discrete cosine transform
		The modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT) is a frequency transform based on the type-IV discrete cosine transform (DCT-IV), with the additional property of being lapped: it is designed to be performed on consecutive blocks of a larger dataset, where subsequent blocks are 50% overlapped.
		In MP3, the MDCT is not applied to the audio signal directly, but rather to the output of a 32-band polyphase quadrature filter (PQF) bank.
		The output of this MDCT is postprocessed by an alias reduction formula to reduce the typical aliasing of the PQF filter bank.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/md/MDCT.html (1295 words)

	MDCT: A Disruptive Technology Evolves \| October 2004 \| Imaging Economics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) systems may prove to be as revolutionary a development for clinical diagnostic imaging today, as the original application of single detector per slice CT was to the evaluation of head trauma in the early 1970s.
		MDCT has the potential to change the way in which radiologists and clinicians interact with and navigate through the increasing amounts of image data, jettisoning diagnostic radiology from the two-dimensional slice realm into the third dimension.
		Some hospitals view the purchase of MDCT as a step in capturing a larger share of the patient market, with a portion of that arising from the ability to image pediatric and adult patients unable to hold their breath long enough to be scanned on the slower devices.
	www.imagingeconomics.com /library/200410-08.asp (2822 words)

	Modified Discrete Cosine Transform (MDCT) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		MDCT is critically sampled, which means that though it is 50% overlapped, a sequence data after MDCT has the same number of coefficients as samples before the transform (after overlap-and-add).
		The used definition of MDCT is (a slight modification from [9]) is:
		The MDCT in the coder is performed with a length of 512, and thus 256 new samples are used for every block.
	ccrma-www.stanford.edu /~bosse/proj/node27.html (190 words)

	Radiologie - Uniklinik Frankfurt [Publikation - MDCT of the Coronary Arteries for Planning of Minimal Invasive Bypass ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The number of coronary segments that could be evaluated on MDCT scans and coronary angiograms was determined in proportion to both the total number of segments and the segments that could be visualized during surgery.
		On MDCT scans seven segments were not assessed properly: three due to moving artifacts, three because of missing contrast media enhancement due to a proximal total vascular occlusion and one because of underestimation of the actual diameter.
		In several patients MDCT demonstrated that the target vessel was hidden deep inside the epicardial fat or showed an intramural course and therefore clearly outperformed invasive coronary angiography, which identified these characteristics in less patients.
	www.kgu.de /zrad/diagnostik/p_mdct.shtml (6382 words)

	American Roentgen Ray Society - Anonymous (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		MDCT had an added benefit for these patients, in that it could pinpoint exactly where the bone loss had occurred so the surgeon could more easily repair the problem, said Dr. Farber.
		MDCT was 100% accurate in detecting fractures near the prosthesis, compared to 94% for plain films.
		Farber noted that they are currently comparing MDCT to plain film to determine which is a better test for diagnosing wear on the plastic liner between the metal components of the prosthesis and particle disease (as the prosthesis wears down, particles get into the tissues near the prosthesis and can cause an inflammation).
	www.arrs.org /scriptcontent/pressroom/archive/2004/r040505c.cfm (381 words)

	3D MDCT can replace conventional angiography of extremities
		Three-dimensional MDCT angiography can be used in place of conventional angiography to image the extremities in nearly any case where conventional angiography is indicated, a new study suggests.
		The study included 40 patients who underwent extremity MDCT angiography for a wide range of diseases, including traumatic injuries, musculoskeletal masses, and atherosclerotic disease, said lead author Dr. Musturay Karcaaltincaba of Hacettepe University School of Medicine in Ankara, Turkey.
		MDCT angiography can show fractured bones as well as vascular injury, which can reduce the number of X ray examinations the patient needs, thus speeding up the diagnosis.
	www.innovations-report.com /html/reports/medicine_health/report-30809.html (357 words)

	Low-dose MDCT 'better option' than x-rays for imaging children's sinuses
		According to the researchers, infections of the upper respiratory system are by far the most common cause of illness in infancy and childhood, accounting for approximately 50% of all illness in children younger than five years of age, and 30% in children between the ages of five and 12 years.
		"MDCT displays the whole region of the ear, nose and throat in one examination, which is not possible with conventional x-ray radiographs.
		Overall, in cases of persistent, recurrent and chronic sinus disease, we think low-dose MDCT is a better option than x-rays for the evaluation of sinus disease in children," said Dr. Mulkens.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2005-05/arrs-lm050305.php (594 words)

	RSNA 2005 - RSNA Event
		To determine the feasibility of MDCT to enhance early triage in patients with acute chest pain.
		The MDCT data sets were evaluated for the presence of stenoses (diameter reduction > 50%) within all coronary segments.
		MDCT test characteristics were calculated on a patient basis.
	rsna2005.rsna.org /rsna2005/V2005/conference/event_display.cfm?em_id=4410862 (411 words)

	MDCT Angiography Effective for Diagnosing Blockage of the Mesenteric Artery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The authors of the study say that MDCT angiography has definite advantages over conventional angiography, which is currently considered to be the gold standard for diagnosing acute mesenteric ischemia.
		MDCT angiography enabled correct diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia in 10 out of our 41 patients, four of whom had both conventional angiography and CT angiography performed.
		According to the study, not only did MDCT angiography show mesenteric ischemia in 10 out of 41 patients, it also provided alternative diagnoses for 19 of the remaining 31 patients.
	www.pslgroup.com /dg/243FD6.htm (355 words)

	RSNA Press Releases
		The study was conducted at Lausanne University Hospital in Switzerland, to determine if MDCT, an advanced CT scan that includes an intravenous contrast solution, could replace conventional x-rays in the diagnosis of thoracolumbar (thorax or lumbar) spine fractures.
		Physicians use MDCT, which provides many images of the body from different angles, to screen for traumatic lesions affecting the vessels, lungs, spleen and kidney, and for the presence of blood.
		The researchers found that MDCT exhibited 97.2 percent sensitivity in depicting the unstable spine fractures, while conventional x-rays had a sensitivity of only 33.3 percent.
	www2.rsna.org /pr/target.cfm?ID=131 (832 words)

	MDCT Angiography Guides Cardiac Vein Procedures - CME Teaching Brief® - MedPage Today
		Although MDCT angiography has already proved valuable in guiding procedures involving coronary arteries, no previous studies have compared MDCT and conventional angiography in procedures involving coronary veins, the authors reported in the November issue of the American Journal of Roentgenology.
		When it came to the small cardiac veins, MDCT was able to adequately visualize these in three patients, compared with two for conventional angiography.
		MDCT angiography scored a mean of 2.38, while conventional angiography scored a mean of 2.33.
	www.medpagetoday.com /Radiology/GeneralRadiology/tb/2411 (393 words)

	MDCT - Washington Imaging Services
		With an MDCT scan, a radiologist can see the location, nature, and extent of many different diseases or abnormalities inside the body.
		It is based on a MDCT scan of the abdomen and pelvis while the colon has been gently inflated with CO2 from a small enema tip inserted into the rectum.
		Some MDCT studies require a contrast material to enhance the visibility of certain tissues or blood vessels.
	www.wisllc.com /Public/CT.asp (1425 words)

	MDCT - Hydrogenaudio Knowledgebase
		The MDCT (Modified Discrete Cosine Transform) is a DCT-IV transform.
		As a lapped transform, the MDCT is a bit unusual compared to other Fourier-related transforms in that it has half as many outputs as inputs (instead of the same number).
		The MDCT was developed by Henrique Malvar, and engineer now working for Microsoft and that had considerable participation in creating the WMA format.
	wiki.hydrogenaudio.org /index.php?title=MDCT (216 words)

	Data compression - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		MPEG (audio and video compression standards family in wide use, using DCT and motion-compensated prediction for video)
		MP3 (a part of the MPEG-1 standard for sound and music compression, using subbanding and MDCT, perceptual modeling, quantization, and Huffman coding)
		AAC (part of the MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 audio coding specifications, using MDCT, perceptual modeling, quantization, and Huffman coding)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Data_compression (1486 words)

	MDCT arthrography good for assessing hip dysplasia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		MDCT arthrography is an accurate method for assessing cartilage loss in patients with hip dysplasia and may be more reliable than MRI in such instances, says a new study by researchers from Osaka University Medical School in Japan.
		The researchers found that MDCT arthrography had higher sensitivity (70-79%), specificity (93-94%) and accuracy (87-90%) rates than MRI (47-53%, 87-92% and 78-80%, respectively) in diagnosing cartilage loss.
		According to the researchers, the advantages of MDCT arthrography over other methods of diagnosis such as X-ray and MRI include better 3D evaluation, higher resolution, higher signal-to-noise ratio, and better tissue contrast.
	www.medicalnewstoday.com /medicalnews.php?newsid=28652 (402 words)

	FAQ - MDCT - Washington Imaging Services
		A multi-detector (or multi-slice) computerized tomography (MDCT or MSCT) scan is a diagnostic imaging procedure that uses a combination of x-rays and computer technology to produce cross-sectional images (often called slices) of the body.
		An MDCT scan shows detailed images of any part of the body, including the bones, muscles, fat and organs.
		MDCT offers a painless, fast and extremely accurate visualization of many types of tissue, including organs, bones, soft tissues and blood vessels.
	www.wisllc.com /public/FAQ-CT.asp (701 words)

	MDCT: How Many Rows Is Enough? \| May 2005 \| Imaging Economics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Early MDCT scanners had 4 rows of detectors; subsequent versions offered 8, 12, and 16 rows; and currently 64-row scanners are commercially available.
		Early 4-row (more correctly, "4-channel") MDCT scanners had such an array, but had only 4 data channels, so the full potential of the detector array was not realized.
		A fundamental consideration when choosing the number of rows or slices for a MDCT scanner is the resolution (both spatial and temporal) required.
	www.imagingeconomics.com /library/200505-02.asp (1668 words)

	RSNA Press Releases
		MDCT, an advanced form of computed tomography, confirmed that scurvy killed the settlers on St. Croix Island near Maine in 1604.
		The MDCT images, which helped physicians determine the ages of the deceased, will constitute a digital archive of the remains.
		In addition to confirming the ages of the deceased, the MDCT images revealed evidence of scurvy, a fatal disease characterized by general weakness, anemia, gum disease and internal bleeding.
	www2.rsna.org /pr/target.cfm?ID=207 (675 words)

	TechOnLine - A Fast Algorithm for Computing Two Channel Odd Frequency Transforms with Application to Audio Coding
		Computation of the ODFT and MDCT of the two channels is responsible for a large fraction of the total complexity of the audio codec encoder.
		MDCT is a linear orthogonal lapped transform, which is based on the idea of time domain aliasing cancellation (TDAC).
		The MDCT (or a hybrid representation with a MDCT stage) is a filterbank of choice in many of these audio codecs.
	www.techonline.com /community/ed_resource/feature_article/38782 (2666 words)

	ATP inhibits Mg2+ uptake in MDCT cells via P2X purinoceptors -- Dai et al. 281 (5): 833 -- AJP - Renal Physiology
		In the experiments indicated, MDCT cells were cultured in Mg -free media (<0.01 mM) where indicated for 16-24 h before study.
		Where indicated, MDCT cells were treated with 5 µM indomethacin (Indo) 15 min before experimentation according to the methods given in Ref. 4.
		in ATP inhibition of basal and hormone-stimulated Mg uptake in MDCT
	ajprenal.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/281/5/F833 (5042 words)

	In Vivo 16-Slice, Multidetector-Row Computed Tomography for the Assessment of Experimental Atherosclerosis: Comparison ...
		MDCT tended to provide larger values for LA to some extent (Figure 3).
		MDCT and MRI for the assessment of experimental atherosclerosis
		Two adjacent segments are presented in cross-sectional view by MDCT; image in B is at level of white arrow, and image in D is at level of fl arrow.
	circ.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/110/11/1467 (3379 words)

	MDCT urography shows potential for detecting bladder cancer without surgery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		MDCT urography is a promising technique for detecting bladder tumors both with and without contrast material, helping patients avoid an invasive test, according to a new study by researchers from the University of Michigan Health System in Ann Arbor, MI.
		The researchers were able to identify 87 of the 92 bladder tumors on MDCT, regardless of whether the portion of the bladder was opacified with contrast material or not.
		Usually, bladder cancer is detected by cystoscopy, an uncomfortable procedure in which an instrument is inserted into the urethra to sample or see inside the bladder.
	www.news-medical.net /?id=17732 (482 words)

	Multidetector CT Not Yet Ready for Prime Coronary Time - CME Teaching Brief® - MedPage Today
		Nearly 30% of the time, 16-row MDCT images of coronary artery segments were of too low quality to be evaluated, said Mario J. Garcia, M.D., of the Cleveland Clinic here.
		In addition, MDCT resulted in a high rate of false positives, Dr. Garcia and colleagues reported in the July 26 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
		"The results of this study indicate that MDCT coronary angiography performed with 16-row scanners is limited by a high number of non-evaluable cases and a high false-positive rate," the authors said.
	www.medpagetoday.com /Cardiology/AcuteCoronarySyndrome/tb/3808 (715 words)

	Current Research - MRCT
		Demonstrate the incremental diagnostic value of early MDCT based detection of coronary artery stenosis in patients with acute chest pain in 400 patients.
		Determine whether contrast enhanced MDCT can identify lesions that have been characterized as complex lesions in invasive selective coronary angiography which are known predictors of coronary events.
		Determine the accuracy of MDCT to quantify the degree of luminal narrowing as compared to quantitative coronary angiography (QCA).
	www.mgh.harvard.edu /cccr/cccr/cr_mrct.html (343 words)

	ScienceDaily: MDCT 'Unwraps' Egyptian Mummy, Clearly Revealing Face Of 3,000 Year Old Man
		Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) was used for the first time to produce a detailed 3D model of the face of an Egyptian man who lived nearly 3,000 years ago--without having to unwrap his mummified corpse, say a multidisciplinary group of Italian researchers that included physicians, anthropologists and forensic scientists.
		MDCT was used to image the completely wrapped mummy of an artisan named Harwa, which had been on display at the Egyptian Museum in Torino, Italy.
		MDCT created 3D images, which were then reconstructed to create all the features of the mummy's face.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2004/09/040901095031.htm (1726 words)

	ScienceDaily: MDCT Angiography Can Potentially Help Determine Which Patients Are At Greater Risk Of Stroke
		MDCT angiography can potentially help determine which patients with narrowed carotid arteries are at greater risk of having a stroke, a new study shows.
		All patients underwent MDCT angiography, and the density of the plaque in the carotid artery was determined.
		Detecting Bladder Cancer Without Surgery (May 1, 2006) -- MDCT urography is a promising technique for detecting bladder tumors both with and without contrast material, helping patients avoid an invasive test, according to a new study by researchers from the...
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2005/01/050111172356.htm (1575 words)

	Multidetector-Row Computed Tomography -- El-Khoury et al. 12 (1): 1 -- Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic ...
		MDCT may be the only imaging procedure needed for a patient
		MDCT study of the cervical spine, for example, is 300 to 600
		MDCT is used for all of the indications that apply to conventional
	www.jaaos.org /cgi/content/full/12/1/1 (2011 words)

	Amazon.com: MDCT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		MDCT of the Abdomen, An Issue of Radiologic Clinics (The Clinics: Radiology) by John R. Haaga (Hardcover - Nov 18, 2005)
		MDCT of the Abdomen by John R. Haaga (Hardcover)
		Mdct -- See why 11 of the top 14 hospitals in the United States use Siemens Medical technology.
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&search-alias=aps&keywords=MDCT&page=1 (139 words)

	Method of making a window type decision based on mdct data in audio encoding patent invention (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The computed preliminary MDCT coefficients of the current and next frames are then used to determine the window type of the current frame.
		[0005] According to the MPEG standard, MDCT is performed on the audio signal in such a way that that adjacent transformation ranges are overlapped by 50% along the time axis to suppress distortion developing at a boundary portion between adjacent transformation ranges.
		The number of MDCT coefficients generated from the long window is 1024, and the number of MDCT coefficients generated from each short window is 128.
	www.freshpatents.com /Method-of-making-a-window-type-decision-based-on-mdct-data-in-audio-encoding-dt20050331ptan20050071402.php (1497 words)

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