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Topic: MHD generator

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Magnetohydrodynamics

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	CHEMTRAILS - CONTRAILS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		MHD is important in the study of controlled thermonuclear reactions in which the conducting fluid is a plasma confined by a magnetic field.
		In the open-cycle MHD generator a fossil fuel, burnt in oxygen or preheated compressed air, is seeded with an element of low ionization potential (such as potassium or cesium).
		The interaction between the moving conducting fluid and the strong applied magnetic field across it generates an electromagnetic field on the Faraday principle, except that the solid conductor of the conventional generator is replaced by a fluid conductor.
	www.carnicom.com /magnet1.htm (300 words)

	MHD generator - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The MHD dynamo is an active area of research in plasma physics and is of great interest to the geophysics and astrophysics communities.
		From their perspective the earth is a global MHD dynamo and with the aid of the particles on the solar wind produces the aurora borealis.
		MHD generators typically reduce the temperature of the conductive substance from plasma temperatures to just over 1000 °C. A second example, which applies to the earth, the differently charged electromagnetic layers produced by the dynamo effect on the earth's geomagnetic field enable the appearance of the aurora borealis.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/MHD_generator (891 words)

	Method and apparatus for combined-closed-cycle magnetohydrodynamic generation - Patent 5086234
		The MHD generator A1 and the steam turbine-generator unit A2 are driven by the rare gas loop E1-E4 and the water and vapor loop F1-F3, respectively.
		The cooling of the exhaust rare gas or operative fluid E2 from the MHD generator A1 is effected by extraction of heat therefrom by the compressed rare gas or operative fluid E4 at the heat exchanger C1.
		The generation scheme of the invention, however, disposes the gas turbine-generator unit A3 not immediately downstream of the MHD generator Al, but downstream of the compressor B which is inserted between the generators A1 and A3.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5086234.html (2678 words)

	Magnetohydrodynamics Summary
		MHD is accomplished by forcing an electrically conducting fluid or a plasma through a channel with a magnetic field applied across it and electrodes placed at right angles to flow and field (Figure 1).
		MHD applies quite well to astrophysics since over 99% of the matter content of the Universe is made up of plasma, including stars, the interplanetary medium (space between the planets), the interstellar medium (space between the stars), nebulae and jets.
		The differential solar rotation may be the long term effect of magnetic drag at the poles of the Sun, an MHD phenomenon due to the Parker spiral shape assumed by the extended magnetic field of the Sun.
	www.bookrags.com /Magnetohydrodynamics (3133 words)

	MHD generator and fluid pump - Patent 4906877
		Using the device as a D.C. electrical generator, the fluid 38 is circulated by causing it to enter the container through the top inlet 36 progressing downward through the helical path, while maintaining contact with the electrical conductive wall of the container 30 and central shaft 40 to exit the container through the outlet 34.
		The current generated in the fluid 38, as it passes through the flux pattern 44 is transmitted via conductors (not shown) attached to the cylinder wall 30 and the shaft 40.
		In the generator mode of operation, means to build a head of pressure is provided at the input port as through use of a restricted valve 160 pump, compressor or the like to compensate for fluid resistance due to Back-EMF inherent in magnetic generation of electrical current and fluid viscosity (friction).
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4906877.html (5925 words)

	Magnetohydrodynamic Power Generation in Space from a Repetitively Detonated Device (571)
		MHD power generators are generally known for ground-based applications, however they can be designed for space applications.
		A MHD generator is extremely robust and reliable, allowing it to withstand the rigors of launch and space environments, and operate at various power levels.
		The MHD generator is established with concentric magnetic coils at the diverging exhaust nozzle of the engine.
	www.mdatechnology.net /techsearch.asp?articleid=571 (1024 words)

	[No title]
		Losses in the MHD generator are mostly associated with the CHANNEL WALLS - friction between the walls and the flowing plasma, heat loss TO the walls and the flowing plasma, heat lost to the walls, electrode losses and other effects.
		This means that as the size of an MHD generator INCREASES, the losses rise with the square of the size (two-dimensional wall effect) while the power output rises with the cube of the size (three-dimensional volume effect).
		An MHD generator would be added on to a conventional turbogenerator plant, to be used only for short times, when a heavy demand for power is being felt.
	www.textfiles.com /bbs/KEELYNET/ENERGY/4thstate.asc (9026 words)

	Electrical generator - Engineering - A Wikia wiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The dynamo was the first electrical generator capable of delivering power for industry, and is still the most important generator in use in the 21st century.
		The generator rotor is turned by a device termed a prime mover, often a Diesel engine, steam turbine, water turbine or gas turbine coupled to the rotor shaft.
		In power generating stations or thermal power stations where electrical generators are used the capacity ranges from 5 MW to 500 MW, driven by steam turbines.
	engineering.wikia.com /wiki/Generator (1202 words)

	Pamir3U
		The longitudinal axes of the MHD channels are inclined at an angle of 19 deg to the horizontal.
		At the MHD channel inlet, where the electric intensity is a minimum and the heat flux is a maximum, the lining is made of a thicker insert of erosion resistant graphite.
		In addition, the tests were used for a demonstration of the MHD power system output parameters and their agreement with the requirements of the technical assignment document.
	www.ihed.ras.ru /mg/Pamir3U.htm (4848 words)

	Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute
		General view of CPS and equipment arrangement as it applies to CPS placement on offshore natural gas field is shown on Fig.2.
		In this case the generated by CPS electric power upon conversion into direct current of 500 kV voltage is transmitted by 14-chain bipolar underwater cable dc line to the onshore invertor ac substation and further to an adjacent power system.
		The removable power generating modules with a nuclear turbine electrical plant after expiry of the nuclear fuel are replaced in the submerged mode by "fresh" modules.
	www.kiae.ru /rus/inf/new/new4.htm (2818 words)

	Experimental MHD Facility
		Schematic diagram of experimental MHD facility is shown in Fig.1, and the side view is shown in Fig.2 (a, b).
		General performances of the experimental MHD facility are given in Table 1.
		The table shows that the experimental MHD facility provides coincide of four groups of criteria among five ones (excluding the second group defining the dynamics of development of the boundary layers and near-electrode phenomena).
	www.ihed.ras.ru /mg/MHD.htm (899 words)

	Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD)
		MHD technology is based on a fundamental law of electromagnetism: When a magnetic field and an electric current intersect in a liquid, their repulsive intersection propels the liquid in a direction perpendicular to both the field and the current.
		The ten inch diameter tubes are individually wrapped in saddle shaped superconducting magnetic coils made of niobium titanium alloy filaments packed into wires with copper cores and shells.
		When an electric current is passed between a pair of electrodes inside each tube, seawater is forcefully ejected from the tubes, jetting the [craft] forward.
	www.geocities.com /skews_me_too/mhd.html (336 words)

	Thermoacoustic magnetohydrodynamic electrical generator - Patent 4599551
		The thermoacoustic magnetohydrodynamic generator defined in claim 1 further comprising a low-loss, low-inductance transformer for transforming said alternating current to a signal having a higher voltage and lower current than said output signal.
		As a consequence of the reciprocal oscillation of the liquid in the presence of the magnetic field, an electric potential is produced in the liquid, which alternates at the frequency of the acoustic vibration of the liquid.
		For example, the generator may be used in a space satellite, using a nuclear fission reactor as a heat source and using fl body radiators as a heat sink.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4599551.html (2317 words)

	[No title]
		The MHD generators are known to deliver high power densities.
		General MHD Propulsion Faraday-type MHD accelerators are well-known.
		The electric generator is connected to only one pair of electrodes at a time, in sequence.
	www.ufomind.com /area51/desertrat/1995/dr30/mhd.txt (1430 words)

	Tennessee Today
		UT Space Institute is part of a team led by San Diego-based General Atomics that will spend $22.9 million over the next five years to develop a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) generator that could transform heat from an aircraft’s jet engines into short, high-energy bursts of electricity.
		MHD technology involves the study of the way electrically conductive fluids interact with magnetic fields.
		The General Atomics contract builds on UTSI research on the U.S. Department of Energy’s Coal-Fired Flow Facility which was closed in the early 1990s.
	pr.tennessee.edu /news/release.asp?id=1081 (253 words)

	News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The effect of 114 high-energy (1.2-23.1 MJ) electromagnetic pulses emitted by MHD generator, used as source for deep electrical sounding of the crust on the seismicity of the North Tien Shan and adjacent areas in 1983 to 1990 is examined.
		The spatial variations of the total seismic energy changes after MHD - generator start-up demonstrates that seismic energy release increasing takes place within a number relatively small zones located predominantly in southern part of the area which belong to the crystalline rocks of the North Tien Shan.
		Total earthquakes energy released in the area during 20 days after all start-ups was 2.03.1015 J greater than the energy released for a period of the same length before them, the bulk of the release bing due to the earthquakes occurring in the upper 5-km layer.
	www.cuttingedge.org /news_updates/nz2065.htm (345 words)

	Run Silent, Run Swift
		The seawater, which is electrically conducting because of the natural salts, is accelerated as it moves through the thruster tube, and as the faster-moving water exists the rear of the ship, the ship is pushed forward.
		Because the fuel is burned in oxygen enriched air in an MHD generator, it burns at a higher temperature and more completely, so there is much less carbon pollution produced.
		Even though experiments in MHD have been going on since the 1960s, and the first patent for MHD ship propulsion was granted in the United States in 1961, it has been only recently that some of the technical challenges have been met that will bring MHD into realization.
	www.worldandischool.com /public/1993/january/school-resource10564.asp (551 words)

	the Otherpower.com Discussion Board \|\| Magnetohydrodynamic generator
		I had a couple of ideas for generators, but they'd have to be large 'seaside' scale to be any good and then the magnets would probably be better used in a more traditional wave turbine.
		I'd expect an MHD generator in a saltwater medium to move as much metal as if it were a battery generating the same current.
		MHD is just a normal faraday's law generator/motor with the fluid as the moving conductor in place of the copper wire, and the electrodes as the brushes.
	www.fieldlines.com /story/2004/7/29/0355/45526 (1372 words)

	Classical Plasma Applications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Plasma moving with velocity v perpendicular to a magnetic field B generates an electromotive force perpendicular to both the direction of plasma flow and the magnetic field.
		However, the first attempts to construct a large MHD generator, made in 1938, were unsuccessful due to poor knowledge of the plasma properties.
		A large central station power MHD generator, followed by a conventional steam generator, has the potential for using fuels more effectively, due to higher cycle efficiencies, with reduced heat loss to the environment.
	www.plasma.inpe.br /LAP_Portal/LAP_Site/Text/Classical_Applications.htm (597 words)

	[No title]
		In thenear future if HTS of MHD becomes practical, we may be able to squeeze 40% of the thermal energy of a reactor into usable shaft power or motive force (there is no shaft or moving parts in a MHD).
		A MHD electric generator can directly coupled to a MHD propulsor and hence no moving part is needed at both the electric power generating end (no rotating electric generator or steam turbine) and the motive power generating end (no propellor).
		It is possible to shield the magnetic signature of the MHD electric power generator BUT IT IS NOT possible to shield the magnetic signature of the electrically charged seawater at the MHD propulsor end.
	www.strategypage.com /militaryforums/462-1522.aspx (1935 words)

	Space Institute Moves into New Phase in Developing MHD-Powered Generator
		The Institute is partnering with General Atomics in responding to the U.S. Air Force’s plan to develop multi-megawatt electrical power systems for hypersonic vehicle applications.
		The challenge is to develop a generator light enough to fly on future aircraft and other aerospace vehicles.
		Also, the three-dimensional MHD computational fluid dynamics code developed earlier is "being further developed to enable its use in critical conductivity measurements and to analyze experimental results from future MHD generator system tests."
	www.utsi.edu /News/News_2005/release12-07-05newphasemhdgenerators.htm (425 words)

	MHD Generator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This is a series of a diagrams that conclude the structural design of a MHD Generator.
		This power generator works on the principal of two known factors discoverd present in standard rotory generators.
		This concept design of MHD Generator was intended as a power supply that included a tesla coil, and the systems that are found at this link: My Web Page.
	www.elgersmad.homestead.com /files/mhd/mhd.html (575 words)

	EcoWorld - Earth Articles
		generators are used to convert fuel directly into electric energy.
		An MHD generator produces hot, ionized (electrified) gases by burning coal or other fuels at high temperatures.
		MHD generators are more efficient than typical steam powered devices, also once the gas passes through the collection ducts it can be used to run a turbine to produce still more electricity.
	www.ecoworld.com /Earth/EcoWorld_Earth_Home4.cfm (664 words)

	Solar driven liquid metal MHD power generator (US4388542)
		A solar energy collector focuses solar energy onto a solar oven which is attached to a mixer which in turn is attached to the channel of a MHD generator.
		The gas/liquid metal mixture is heated by the collected solar energy and moves through the MHD generator thereby generating electrical power.
		A solar driven magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) power generator that utilizes the flow of a gas and liquid-metal mixture through the channel of the MHD generator to generate electrical power comprising:
	www.delphion.com /details?pn10=US04388542 (333 words)

	TSS-1R: Page 7 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		These auroral current systems are aligned with Earth's magnetic field in the magnetosphere but have cross-branches in the lower ionosphere that are similar to the type of current system that may be generated in the ionosphere by the Tethered Satellite System.
		Shock waves occur in front of planets, waves are generated and interact with charged particles, and wakes and sheaths may form.
		Not enough in-situ data has been collected for scientists to understand these processes fully, and laboratories are not large enough to model the vast size of the processes created by the movement of planets through space.
	liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov /shuttle/sts-75/tss-1r/brochure/page_7.html (591 words)

	Untitled Document
		The electric energy is used to increase the exhaust velocity in (5), using a wall MHD accelerator.
		Flying at 200,000 feet its MHD generator works in high Hall parameter conditions, so that the transverse Hall electric field is high and can be used to create an wide electric discharge at the leading edge of the machine.
		Before their inlet we refind the MHD wall generator, which slows down the air enough to make possible hypersonic flight in very rarefied air and high altitude (200,000 feet) with...
	www.jp-petit.com /Disclosure/Annex_MHD1/Annex_MHD1_2.htm (1505 words)

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