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Topic: ML programming language

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Dynamic programming language

F sharp programming language

SML programming language

Ada programming language

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Pascal programming language

ISWIM

Ocaml

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	Comp.Lang.ML FAQ [Monthly Posting]
		ML (which stands for Meta-Language) is a family of advanced programming languages with [usually] functional control structures, strict semantics, a strict polymorphic type system, and parametrized modules.
		ML has many thousands of users, is taught at many universities (and is the first programming language taught at some).
		It aims to be * an accurate reference implementation of the language specification, * a platform for experimentation with the language semantics or extensions to it, * a useful tool for educational purposes.
	www.faqs.org /faqs/meta-lang-faq (4974 words)

	ML programming language - Definition, explanation
		ML is a general-purpose functional programming language developed by Robin Milner and others in the late 1970s at Edinburgh University, whose syntax is inspired by ISWIM.
		Historically, ML stands for metalanguage as it was conceived to develop proof tactics in the LCF theorem prover (the language of which ML was the metalanguage is pplambda, a combination of the first-order predicate calculus and the simply-typed polymorphic lambda-calculus).
		ML is often referred to as an impure functional language, because it permits imperative programming, and therefore, side-effectss, unlike purely functional programming languages such as Haskell.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/m/ml/ml_programming_language.php (666 words)

	ML programming language Summary
		ML is a general-purpose functional programming language developed by Robin Milner and others in the late 1970s at the University of Edinburgh, whose syntax is inspired by ISWIM.
		Historically, ML stands for metalanguage as it was conceived to develop proof tactics in the LCF theorem prover (the language of which ML was the metalanguage is pplambda, a combination of the first-order predicate calculus and the simply-typed polymorphic lambda-calculus).
		ML is often referred to as an impure functional language, because it permits side-effects, and therefore imperative programming, unlike purely functional programming languages such as Haskell.
	www.bookrags.com /ML_programming_language (1259 words)

	F#
		F# is derived from the ML family of languages, part of the functional programming language tradition.
		However, functional programming is one of the primary known techniques for minimizing, tracking and isolating the use of mutable state, essential for emerging techniques such as software-transactional-memory.
		For the past several years, Ocaml has been the dominant language in the ML community, and because of this OCaml is now close to being a de-facto standard for ML programming.
	research.microsoft.com /fsharp/faq.aspx (1026 words)

	ML (programming language) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		ML is a general-purpose functional programming language developed by Robin Milner and others in the late 1970s at the University of Edinburgh, whose syntax is inspired by ISWIM.
		Historically, ML stands for metalanguage as it was conceived to develop proof tactics in the LCF theorem prover (the language of which ML was the metalanguage is pplambda, a combination of the first-order predicate calculus and the simply-typed polymorphic lambda-calculus).
		ML is often referred to as an impure functional language, because it permits side-effects, and therefore imperative programming, unlike purely functional programming languages such as Haskell.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/ML_programming_language (565 words)

	Programming
		All computers operate by following machine language programs, a long sequence of instructions called machine code that is addressed to the hardware of the computer and is written in binary notation, which uses only the digits 1 and 0.
		The resulting machine language programs, however, are specific to one type of computer and will usually not run on a computer with a different type of central processing unit (CPU).
		Further, it was recognized that the closer the syntax, rules, and mnemonics of the programming language could be to “natural language” the less likely it became that the programmer would inadvertently introduce errors (called “bugs”) into the program.
	delysid.org /programming.html (1950 words)

	The ML language
		ML (which stands for Meta-Language) is a functional language which, unlike conventional (procedural) languages, is mathematically "pure".
		ML is a "strict" language, unlike "lazy" languages such as Haskell, although lazy ML dialects (e.g.
		A comparative study of programming languages, their development and the development of the programming paradigms that they embody.
	burks.bton.ac.uk /burks/language/ml/index.htm (275 words)

	Standard ML
		The language was standardised in 1990, and revised in 1997 as Standard ML '97.
		Standard ML is one of a very few programming languages with a fully formal definition, giving it significant appeal for both research purposes, and industrial-strength applications.
		One of the most appealing aspects of the language is that it is safe: all errors that could de-rail an ML program are detected at compile-time or handled neatly at run-time.
	www.lfcs.inf.ed.ac.uk /software/ML (613 words)

	Standard ML - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		SML is a modern descendant of the ML programming language used in the LCF theorem-proving project.
		It is unique among widely used languages in that it has a formal specification, given as typing rules and operational semantics in The Definition of Standard ML (1990, revised and simplified as The Definition of Standard ML (Revised) in 1997).
		Programs written in Standard ML mostly consist of expressions whose values are to be calculated.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/SML_programming_language (1752 words)

	[No title]
		ML actually stands for "meta-language," although it is unclear why the origin- ators thought this was an appropriate language.
		APL (which stands for "A Programming Language", a totally non-descriptive generic name) premiered in the early 1960s and was a big hit with mathematical types.
		Data manipulation tools like awk and sed often have their own programming language as a part of them, and naturally people want their programming languages to be able to do anything, certainly anything that a "real" language like C can do.
	www-cs.canisius.edu /ONLINESTUFF/PL_TUTORIALS/OTHERLANGS/overviews (1286 words)

	Edgar R. Chavez .. Programming languages (Site not responding. Last check: )
		C Programming Class notes for a course in C taught at the University of Washington in Seatle.
		Moscow ML Moscow ML is a light-weight implementation of Standard ML (SML), a strict functional language widely used in teaching and research.
		Standard ML of New Jersey SML/NJ is a compiler for the Standard ML '97 programming language with associated libraries, tools, and documentation.
	home.ccil.org /~chavezer/www/pgmglanguages.htm (1322 words)

	Book review: Elements of ML Programming
		This slim book is a fine introduction to the ML97 version of the ML programming language, and is worth reading by anyone interested in learning about functional programming.
		ML is mostly a functional language, though it supports some degree of imperative programming, and is an elegant system worth attention.
		A friend of mine once observed that many programming bugs stem from type mismatches, and points out that because of ML's strict type inference and checking, once you get an ML program to compile successfully it often produces correct results.
	www.amk.ca /books/h/Elements_ML_Programming.html (326 words)

	199310: ML and friends
		A program in a Functional Language is used to define an expression which is the solution to a set of problems; this definition can then be used by a machine to produce an answer to a particular problem from the set of problems.
		ML is a strongly typed, functional programming language with a natural syntax and just a few primitive concepts.
		ftp://ftp.inria.fr/lang/alcool/, Alcool-90 "is an experimental extension of ML with run-time overloading and a type-based notion of modules, functors and inheritance".
	www.cfcl.com /tin/P/199310.shtml (1049 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The provision of functional programming facilities is expected to simplify the programming of some applications on this class of massively parallel architectures.
		A key difference between conventional and applicative languages is that the latter often involve data in the form of very large structures which are distributed irregularly throughout a garbage collected heap space.
		The language is undergoing major revision, in an effort to simplify the semantic specification of the extensions, and to clearly separate process creation and communication mechanisms.
	cap.anu.edu.au /cap/reports/report94/paraML.html (1066 words)

	Programming in Standard ML \| FreeTechBooks.com
		This book is an introduction to programming with the Standard ML programming language.
		Standard ML is a type-safe programming language that embodies many innovative ideas in programming language design:
		The best-known compilers are Standard ML of New Jersey, Moscow ML, MLKit, and PolyML.
	www.freetechbooks.com /about426.html (460 words)

	MlLanguage - The Fellowship of Hobbyist Programmers (Site not responding. Last check: )
		ML stands for "meta language," though that meaning isn't very relevant to the language today.
		The two main dialects in use today are Standard ML, a mathematically defined version of the language formulated in part by some of the original language developers; and OCaml, an offshoot version from the original ML to which features are added at will without defining them in a standard.
		A functional language can be simpler for a compiler to analyze and optimize, and ML's type system is carefully designed to avoid any need for runtime checks, outside of things like bounds checks for arrays, a language element seldom used.
	www.hprog.org /fhp/MlLanguage (2658 words)

	OCAML - TunesWiki (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Since ML's inception in the late seventies, there has been a continuous line of research at INRIA devoted to implementations and improvements of ML.
		The language was renamed Objective Caml after the incorporation of a sophisticated module system and an object-oriented layer.
		Objective Caml programs can easily be interfaced with other languages, in particular with other C programs or libraries.
	tunes.org /wiki/OCAML?v=1 (482 words)

	[SDL] Using the programming language "ML"? (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Well here are some hints: ML is a higher order functional programming language.
		Code written in ML is usually only half the size (or less) than the corresponding C/C++ code.
		It is a typesafe language - meaning that when a program compiles there can only be the following kinds of errors: 1) Infinite loops (which the compiler unfortunately cannot detect) 2) Logical programming errors (like unintended "features") 3) Out of memory problems, which usually results in a shutdown.
	www.libsdl.org /pipermail/sdl/1999-August/021672.html (293 words)

	Introduction to the ML programming language
		ML is call-by-value: the argument is evaluated before it is passed into the function.
		ML is highly tuned to allowing higher-order functions, functions that either take other functions as argument or return functions as results, or both.
		ML datatypes must be declared, unlike records for which types may be inferred.
	www.cs.jhu.edu /~scott/cw/lectures/sml-intro.html (3121 words)

	Comp.Lang.ML FAQ [Monthly Posting] - allanswers.org
		It aims to be * an accurate reference implementation of the language specification, * a platform for experimentation with the language semantics or extensions to it, * a useful tool for educational purposes.
		The implementation is intended to be as direct a translation of the language formalisation found in the Definition of Standard ML as possible, modulo bug fixes.
		Some EML specifications are executable, making EML a "wide-spectrum" language which can be used to express every stage in the development of a SML program from the initial high-level specification to the final program itself and including intermediate stages in which specification and program are intermingled.
	www.allanswers.org /programming/meta-lang-faq-2.htm (2582 words)

	[SDL] Using the programming language "ML"? (Site not responding. Last check: )
		I graduated from Penn State, which has an excellent functional programming languages department (Dale Miller, Department Head, is one of the primary developers of Lambda Prolog).
		I did standard AI, game theory, and compiler stuff in ML and Prolog, and had a blast at it.
		It's frightening how few lines of ML it takes to write a compiler for a procedural language.
	www.libsdl.org /pipermail/sdl/1999-August/021673.html (237 words)

	Standard ML of NJ User's Guide (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Standard ML of New Jersey (SML/NJ) is a compiler, interactive system, and programming environment for the Standard ML language.
		Standard ML of New Jersey supports some extensions to the Standard ML language, such as first-class continuations, higher-order functors, and so on.
		The Standard ML '97 language is almost, but not quite, compatible with the 1990 definition supported by earlier versions of SML/NJ; the conversion guide explains the differents, and gives examples of how to upgrade existing SML'90 programs.
	www-rohan.sdsu.edu /help/smlnj/doc/index.html (354 words)

	Type Theories in ML (Site not responding. Last check: )
		ML-like languages have been chosen for the research because ML is a statically typed language, which makes it amenable to compile-time and link-time verification, and ML already possesses a rich typing system that makes it easier to integrate program validation activities with type checking.
		Stated roughly, abstract interpretation is an algebraic approach to programming language analysis, where the semantics of a programming language as well as its data-flow analysis are homomorphisms, and the correctness of the data-flow analysis is ensured by a Galois connection between the target algebras of the semantics and the data-flow analysis.
		Porgi is a program generator for propositional intuitionistic logic: if a proposition is provable in propositional intuitionistic logic, porgi builds a proof and generates a lemon program that is an encoding of the proof.
	www.cis.ksu.edu /~bhoward/ONR/quad95.html (970 words)

	199310: ML and friends
		A program in an Imperative Language is used to convey a list of commands, to be executed in some particular order, such that on completion of the commands the required behavior has been produced.
		A program in a Functional Language is used to define an expression which is the solution to a set of problems; this definition can then be used by a machine to produce an answer to a particular problem from the set of problems.
		ML is a strongly typed, functional programming language with a natural syntax and just a few primitive concepts.
	cfcl.com /rdm/tin/P/199310.shtml (1049 words)

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