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Topic: MPEG Layer 2

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	MPEG-2 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		MPEG-2 (1994) is the designation for a group of audio and video coding standards agreed upon by MPEG (Moving Pictures Experts Group), and published as the ISO/IEC 13818 international standard.
		The Video part (part 2) of MPEG-2 is similar to MPEG-1, but also provides support for interlaced video (the format used by broadcast TV systems).
		Increasing quantization leads to visible artifacts when the stream is decoded, generally in the form of "mosaicing", where the discontinuities at the edges of macroblocks become more visible as bit rate is reduced.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/MPEG-2 (1474 words)

	MPEG Audio format
		The layers are preferably denoted by roman figures, i.e.
		MPEG audio compression is achieved by taking advantage of the "masking" tendency inherent in the human ear.
		In terms of web-based MPEG audio, two types are common:.mp2, which is MPEG-1 layer 2; and.mp3, which is MPEG-1, layer 3.
	www.site4sound.com /encyclopedia/mpg.html (442 words)

	STMicroelectronics \| STA013 MPEG 2.5 LAYER III (MP3) SOURCE DECODER
		In Layer I and II, a filter bank creates 32 subbands representation of the input audio stream, which are then quantized and coded under control of the psychoacoustic model from which a blockwise adaptive bit allocation is derived.
		Layer I is a simplified version of the MUSICAM coding scheme, most appropriate for consumer applications, where the very low bitrate is not mandatory.
		Layer II introduces further compression with respect to Layer I, by redundance and irrelevence removal on the scale factors, and it uses more precise quantisation.
	www.st.com /stonline/books/ascii/docs/6526.htm (2963 words)

	Hydrogenaudio Forums -> Replaygain mp2 (mpeg 1 layer 2)
		Both mp3trim and encspot stated the file is actually mpeg 1 layer 2 (so it should have had the.mp2 extension instead).
		I might be wrong, but layer 2 and 3 might have something in common.
		MPEG describes the compression of audio signals using high performance perceptual coding schemes.
	www.hydrogenaudio.org /forums/index.php?showtopic=22147 (1514 words)

	Overview of MPEG-2 AAC Audio Coding
		In response, the MPEG (Motion Pictures Experts Group) was formed, and since 1988 the group has been working on the standardization of high quality low bit rate audio coding.
		Layer 3 (popularly known as MP3) implements a unique combination of methods to attain high compression ratios while preserving audio quality.
		However, in the United States the trademark, MUSICAM, is protected by one of the licensees of Layer 2.
	www.telos-systems.com /techtalk/mpeg (1044 words)

	MPEG-1 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		MPEG-1 is the designation for a group of audio and video coding standards agreed upon by MPEG (Moving Pictures Experts Group).
		MPEG-1 audio layer 3 is the full name for the popular audio format MP3.
		At present MPEG-1 is the most compatible format in the MPEG family; it is playable in almost all computers and VCD/DVD players.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/MPEG-1 (211 words)

	MPEG AUDIO FRAME HEADER
		MPEG Version 1, 2 and 2.5 and Layer I, II and III are supported, the MP3 TAG (ID3v1 and ID3v1.1) also.
		MPEG standards MPEG-1, MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 are known but this document covers first two of them.
		When you want to read info about an MPEG file, it is usually enough to find the first frame, read its header and assume that the other frames are the same This may not be always the case.
	www.dv.co.yu /mpgscript/mpeghdr.htm (1750 words)

	Hydrogenaudio Forums -> MPEG Audio Layer 2
		2 = samplerate not 32 and bitrate/ch <= 48 (sblimit 8)
		Bit reservoir can also be used in Layer 2 I found out, I also need information how that exactly works.
		Possible explanation 2: Padding is not read/written correctly, the framesize is different from the indicated.
	www.hydrogenaudio.org /forums/index.php?showtopic=12173 (857 words)

	MPEG Audio Decoder Module - Final Report
		The clock is synced with the data so that the data is latched on the rising edge of the clock as shown in figure 2 in Appendix C. The TMS320AV120FN has a 512 byte data buffer to withstand small variations in the incoming bitrate and can operate with bitrates lower than 448 kbits/sec.
		If the MPEG frame that it receives is determined invalid by the decoder algorithm then the frame will be muted and no signal will be produced.
		The signal is decompressed using the built-in MPEG algorithm, the internal buffers and the arithmetic unit.
	www.ece.vill.edu /mpeg/final_report/3.html (855 words)

	MPEG-FAQ 4.1: What is MPEG-2?
		MPEG also describes a decoding (reconstruction) process where the coded bits are mapped from the compact representation into the original, raw format of the image sequence.
		MPEG non-intra coding introduces the concept of the distribution of bits across multiple pictures, augmenting the distribution space to 3 dimensions.
		Future MPEG decoders will likely include on-chip arbitrary sample rate converters, perhaps capable of operating in the vertical direction (although there is little need of this in applications using standard TV monitors where line count is constant, with the possible exception of windowing in cable box graphical user interfaces).
	www.mpeg2.de /doc/mpegfaq/mpeg2.htm (15442 words)

	dbpowerAMP - 11. Track = Mpeg 1 Layer 2 !?!
		Mpeg Layer 3 is not showing up as an option
		If you switch off the Id3v2 tags and it rips right, then switch it back on - the tag is only written after the mp3 file has been created, and writing the tag does not change the format of the file (the tag is inserted at the front of the file).
		winamp would say that every track with id3v2 that were created with dmc would be mpeg 1 layer 2..
	forum.dbpoweramp.com /showthread.php?t=522 (553 words)

	Learn more about MPEG-2 in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		MPEG-2 (1994) is the designation for a group of audio and video coding standards agreed upon by MPEG (Motion Pictures Coding Experts Group), and published as ISO standard 13818.
		MPEG-2 is typically used to encode audio and video for broadcast signals, including digital satellite and Cable TV.
		Increasing quantization leads to visible artefacts when the stream is decoded, generally in the form of "mosaicing", where the discontinuities at the edges of macroblocks become more visible as bit rate is reduced.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /m/mp/mpeg_2.html (1133 words)

	MPEG-4 description
		Independent of the media type, this layer allows identification of the type of access unit (e.g., video or audio frames, scene description commands) in elementary streams, recovery of the media object’s or scene description’s time base, and it enables synchronization among them.
		Multiplexing at this layer may be used, for example, to group ES with similar QoS requirements, reduce the number of network connections or the end to end delay.
		Only the interface to this layer is specified by MPEG-4 while the concrete mapping of the data packets and control signaling must be done in collaboration with the bodies that have jurisdiction over the respective transport protocol.
	www.chiariglione.org /mpeg/standards/mpeg-4/mpeg-4.htm (8104 words)

	MPEG Layer-2 Audio Files (.MP2) (Decode Only) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		MPEG Layer-2 audio is a compressed audio format usually used for applications where quality is more important than compression.
		A typical application is that of DVD audio – early DVD's used MP2 audio and this is still the preferred format for many DVD mastering applications on the PC.
		Audiotools can decode layer 2 files, but cannot yet encode them.
	www.unrelatedinventions.com /Audiotools/Help/mpeglayer.2audiofiles..mp2..decodeonly..htm (68 words)

	North American MPEG-2 Information
		ATSC is almost exactly the same as Digcipher 2 and of course it's no surprise that General Instrument was on the comitee that recommended ATSC to the FCC.
		In theory, ATSC and Digicipher 2 have a couple of advantages over MPEG-2/DVB, especially in the area of signal aquisition time, however, this is not enough to justifying a totally different standard than the rest of the world.
		MPEG's ability to compress video so well relies on the similarity between pictures over time, so most of the time, MPEG video is sending the difference between prior and upcoming pictures using B and P-pictures.
	www.coolstf.com /mpeg (13509 words)

	Fraunhofer IIS - Audio & Multimedia - MPEG Audio Layer-3
		By using MPEG audio coding, you may shrink down the original sound data from a CD by a factor of 12, without losing sound quality.
		MPEG Layer-3 is the most powerful member of the MPEG audio coding family.
		The filter bank used in MPEG Layer-3 is a hybrid filter bank which consists of a polyphase filter bank and a Modified Discrete Cosine Transform (MDCT).
	www.iis.fhg.de /amm/techinf/layer3/index.html (1177 words)

	MPEG . ORG - MPEG Pointers and Resources
		MPEG (pronounced M-peg), which stands for Moving Picture Experts Group, is the name of family of standards used for coding audio-visual information (e.g., movies, video, music) in a digital compressed format.
		The major advantage of MPEG compared to other video and audio coding formats is that MPEG files are much smaller for the same quality.
		MPEG.ORG is published by MpegTV and edited by Tristan Savatier who has been an active member of the MPEG Committee from 1988 to 1995 and has participated to the making of the MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 Video standards.
	www.mpeg.org (562 words)

	The Solaris Helpers Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		MPEG layer 3 is a powerful audio encoding format.
		The layer 3 encoding shows almost no audible degradation, but high frequencies in the layer 2 file sound "raw" and some spurious noice is introduced (listen carefully at the end of the sample).
		MPEG audio compression uses a lossy compression algorithm that achieves a compression rate of 1:3 up to 1:24 compared to raw PCM data.
	home1.swipnet.se /%7Ew-10694/helpers.html (4019 words)

	Podcasting and MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 Layer III Audio
		For those who are familiar with the internal format of MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group) files, the specific file type, either MPEG-1 or MPEG-2, can be easily determined by examining the header information, located at the beginning of the MPEG file, in a hex editor program.
		Using a recent Adam Curry DSC (Daily Source Code) podcast* as an example, upon examination we find that the file is an MPEG-2 Layer III file with a 22.05 kHz audio sampling rate, a datarate (bitrate) of 64 kbps, and is 2-channel stereo.
		The notation MPEG 2.0 layer 3 indicates that the file format is MPEG-2 and the audio encoding is Layer 3.
	www.humanvalues.net /podcasting (1027 words)

	Squared 5 - MPEG Streamclip for Mac OS X
		MPEG Streamclip is an application that converts MPEG files (including transport streams) into muxed, demuxed, QuickTime, AVI and DV files with more than professional quality, so you can easily import them in Final Cut Pro, DVD Studio Pro and Toast 6.
		MPEG Streamclip FULLY supports the DreamBox DM7000/DM5620/DM500 (www.dream-multimedia-tv.com), and the Topfield TF5000PVR/TF5000PVRt/TF5500PVR (www.topfield.co.kr), two important families of DVB set-top boxes (all digital satellite receivers, except the TF5000PVRt which is terrestrial and supports DVB-T); two powerful connection tools for these devices have been developed and included in MPEG Streamclip.
		MPEG Streamclip is also compatible with most DVD recorders, since it can open and convert unencrypted VOB or VRO files, and supports AC3 audio.
	www.alfanet.it /squared5/mpegstreamclip.html (1088 words)

	MPEG . ORG - MPEG Audio Resources and Software
		Overviews specific to MPEG Audio Layer 3 can be found on the MP3 Page.
		MPEG Audio Layer 1 & 2 decoder and encoder for Macintosh (MPEGAud) by George Warner M-Back v0.82 for Windows and mplay v1.2 for DOS.
		MPEG Audio Layer 3 test bitstreams can be found on the MP3 Page.
	www.mpeg.org /MPEG/audio.html (1285 words)

	VideoHelp.com :: View topic - Mpeg layer 2 audio problem
		As stated you need a MPEG2 codec to play the video, but the audio is MPEG1 layer 2 and requires no codec (WMP should be able to play it).
		Also try ripping/coping the MPEG file to the HD, demuxing it, and seeing what the mp2 file looks like.
		i think it is something to do with the mpeg lyer 2 audio codec not being registered.....or somthing...
	www.videohelp.com /forum/viewtopic.php?t=187874 (380 words)

	Secunia - Advisories - mpg123 Mpeg Layer-2 Audio Decoder Buffer Overflow Vulnerability
		Davide Del Vecchio has reported a vulnerability in mpg123, which can be exploited by malicious people to compromise a user's system.
		The vulnerability is caused due to an error within the "do_layer2()" function in the Mpeg layer-2 audio decoder.
		This can be exploited to cause a buffer overflow via a specially crafted mpeg audio file.
	secunia.com /advisories/12478 (275 words)

	Fraunhofer IIS - Audio & Multimedia - MPEG-2 AAC
		The International Organization for Standardization ISO did foresee the importance of compression algorithms for video and audio signals already at an early stage and hence founded the Moving Pictures Expert Group MPEG with the intention to develop and standardize these methods.
		It is called MPEG-2 Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) and was declared international standard by MPEG by the end of April 1997.
		The driving force to develop AAC was the quest for an efficient coding method for surround signals, like 5-channel signals (left, right, center, left-surround, right-surround; see Fig.
	www.iis.fraunhofer.de /amm/techinf/aac (775 words)

	Production First Software Encyclopedia of Typography and Electronic Communication : M
		A related effect can be produced by image editing software by creating another image layer containing only areas of a single color (called a mask) from the original image.
		A technology used in a type of removable disk storage medium where a laser is used to perturb a magnetic layer in a disk to record data.
		MPEG codecs have usually been implemented on expensive hardware boards, rather than in software; but some software is now becoming available for MPEG-1 and MPEG-2, and software is the standard for MPEG-3 and MPEG-4.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/profirst/m.htm (4652 words)

	MPEG Layer 2 ACM Codec from Broadcast Computers & Software
		Based on an advanced implementation of the MPEG Layer II standard for audio bitrate reduction, the QDesign MPEG ACM delivers the industry standard in high fidelity audio coding to audio and broadcast professionals.
		2.Cross platform compatibility between Mac and Windows MPEG-2 Layer II compliant files are supported by Apple Quicktime 3 and Microsoft DirectShow for ubiquitous audio playback.
		MPEG is the standard audio format for new media.
	www.broadcast.co.uk /product_info.php/cPath/24/products_id/74 (297 words)

	Three-Layer MPEG-2 --- Based Video Codecs (ResearchIndex)
		The enhancement layer data are partitioned into two bitstreams with fine granularity.
		The base layer encoder is fully compatible with the MPEG-2...
		3 On Improving MPEG Spatial Scalability (context) - Doma, uczak et al.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /564624.html (343 words)

	Windows 98: Internet explorer 5.5 won't decode background MPEG-2 Layer 3 audio files.
		Icidentaly if I use a MPEG-1 Layer 3 file then both Internet explorer and Media Player 6.4 can play the file correctly, it only seems as if MPEG-2 audio files give them a problem.
		I had a mpeg-2 layer 3 audio sample that Windows Media Player 6.4 (or Internet explorer) would not play correctly, then I installed a codec pack that I downloaded from the Internet and it played OK. I used Graphedit both before (luckly) and after to see what had changed.
		In the computers current working state the "MPEG Layer-3 Decoder" has a merit of 00810000, and the "InterVideo Audio Decoder" has a merit of 00700000 (this is according to the Graphedit program).
	www.experts-exchange.com /Operating_Systems/Win98/Q_20347452.html (2067 words)

	MP3' Tech - MPEG source codes
		This an hardware MPEG Audio Layer 2 player for soundcards based on an Analog Devices ADSP 2115 DSP processor to run under Linux.
		Sources of the Mpeg 1,2 layer 1,2,3 audio encoder and decoder distributed by the ISO group in charge of the MPEG.
		An MPEG layer 2 and layer 3 audio decoder/player based on ISO/MPEG audio decoder source code, with speed optimizations.
	www.mp3-tech.org /programmer/decoding.html (503 words)

	askMP3 - The MP3 Portal by MPEG . ORG
		Other MPEG Audio test bitstreams can be found on the Audio page.
		MPEG Audio software that do not support Layer 3 can be found on the Audio page.
		MPEG-1 Audio Layer 2 and 3 for Windows 95 / NT 3.51 / NT 4.0 (museArc) by Uli Walther and Stefan Kraus at Universitat Karlsruhe.
	www.mpeg.org /MPEG/mp3.html (2086 words)

	[No title]
		MPEG 1 Layer 1/2/3 - MPEG 2 Layer 1/2 Test Data
		Complete Tektronix MPEG 1 layer 2 Conformance Bitstreams
		No warranty is given or should be implied that the bitstreams are free from defects, are fit for any purpose, or are free from infringement of any intellectual property right of a third party.
	mpgedit.org /mpgedit/testdata/mpegdata.html (122 words)

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