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Topic: MRAM

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Random access memory

NRAM

Fast Page Mode DRAM

Dynamic random access memory

Static random access memory

Flash memory

FeRAM

DDR SDRAM

EEPROM

Magnetic tunnel effect

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	NVE Notified of Magnetothermal MRAM Patent Grant
		MRAM is a revolutionary integrated-circuit memory fabricated with nanotechnology that uses electron spin to store data.
		MRAM has been called the ideal memory because it has the potential to combine the speed of SRAM, the density of DRAM, and the non-volatility of flash memory.
		Magnetothermal MRAM uses a combination of tiny magnetic fields and ultra-fast heating, both from electrical current pulses to reduce the energy required to write data and reduce the size of memory cells while maintaining thermal stability.
	www.prnewswire.com /cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/11-08-2005/0004210697&EDATE= (389 words)

	Technology Review: A Better Memory Chip
		In fact, MRAM has the potential to transform the landscape of electronics devices, says Doug Burger, professor of computer sciences and electrical engineering at the University of Texas in Austin.
		MRAM chips, he says, hold data without a power supply and can be written to and read from an unlimited number of times.
		MRAM is able to hold data without power (a property called "nonvolatility"), because once the magnetic orientation of an electron is set, it doesn't need electricity to be maintained.
	www.technologyreview.com /read_article.aspx?id=17139&ch=infotech (584 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Technology \| 'Magnetic memory' chip unveiled
		One analyst told the Associated Press news agency that the chip was the most significant development in computer memory for a decade.
		The benefit of Mram chips is that they will hold information after power has been switched off.
		Mram chips could one day be used in PCs to store an operating system, allowing computers to start up faster when switched on.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/technology/5164110.stm (431 words)

	ITworld.com - Freescale's MRAM: a solution in search of problems
		MRAM has attracted interest because data can be written to it quickly, like SRAM (static RAM), yet it doesn't lose its contents if power is removed, a quality it shares with flash memory.
		MRAM can also operate at high temperatures, is radiation-resistant, consumes little power and is compact, making it potentially useful for all types of applications.
		For example, it could become possible to build notebook computers or PDAs (personal digital assistants) that retain all their memory when the power is off, making it quicker to resume work when they are turned on again.
	www.itworld.com /Comp/1936/061013mram/pfindex.html (529 words)

	Radio-Electronics.Com :: MRAM - Magneto-resistive Random Access Memory
		MRAM is a new form of semiconductor memory that offers non-volatile characteristics and consumes low levels of power
		While MRAM, magneto-resistive technology has been known for over ten years, it is only recently that the technology has been able to be manufactured in large volumes.
		MRAM technology is completely different to any other semiconductor technology that is currently in use and it offers a number of advantages:
	www.radio-electronics.com /info/data/semicond/mram/mram.php (994 words)

	IBM, Infineon looking to shake up memory market \| CNET News.com
		MRAM has several potential advantages: It could be cheaper than standard computer memory, known as DRAM, as well as faster than the speediest static memory.
		MRAM takes a compound similar to those used in hard drives and implants it on the same piece of silicon as a traditional chip.
		Handy said that while MRAM may start to appear on a limited basis by 2004, it will likely be at least five years beyond that before it represents a serious threat to the various silicon-based memory chips.
	news.com.com /2100-1001-249543.html (1016 words)

	Magnetic Shielding for Stacked MRAM Packages - Semiconductor International
		MRAM is a promising candidate for universal memory because of its combination of non-volatility, high-speed and conventional CMOS compatibility, as well as its potential for radiation hardness.
		MRAM has been identified as an excellent candidate for a universal memory because it combines the speed of static random access memory (SRAM) and the non-volatility of flash memory.
		MRAM is particularly attractive for solid-state recorders on spacecrafts, where power consumption and radiation tolerance are crucial.
	www.reed-electronics.com /semiconductor/article/CA6394967.html?nid=2867 (2412 words)

	MRAM-Info \| Your source for Magnetic RAM information
		Freescale's entire 1Mbit, 2Mbit and 4Mbit MRAM families are now available at commercial (0 C to 70 C), industrial (0 C to 85 C) and extended (-40 C to105 C) temperature ranges.
		MRAM is expected to be the dominant next-generation memory technology as it realizes ultra fast operation speeds, nonvolatility - ability to retain data with the power off, and unlimited write endurance.
		Micromem is pleased to announce another major milestone has been met in the manufacturing of their MRAM.
	www.mram-info.com (615 words)

	Toshiba : Press Releases 7 February, 2006
		The new MRAM achieves a 16-megabit density and a read and write speed of 200-megabytes a second, and also secures low voltage operation of 1.8V.
		A major challenge of MRAM development to date has been the acceleration of read speeds: the current drive circuit used to generate the magnetic field for writing degrades read operation from memory cells.
		MRAM is expected to be a next-generation non-volatile memory that retains data when powered off and that achieves fast random access speeds and unlimited endurance in operation.
	www.toshiba.co.jp /about/press/2006_02/pr0702.htm (564 words)

	Revolutionary MRAM Chip Has A Lot To Prove -- MRAM Commercialized -- InformationWeek
		MRAM has long held promise as the best of all world's for memory chips—durable, fast, and not requiring electricity to retain data—but it's been too difficult to bring to market.
		MRAM will likely be used in embedded devices, says Saied Tehrani, Freescale director of MRAM and smartmos technology.
		MRAM works by combining a magnetic device with standard silicon-based microelectronics, and lets the chip hold content without a power source.
	www.informationweek.com /news/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=190302543 (667 words)

	RFID Journal - Company Seeks to Add MRAM to Tags - RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) Technology News & Features
		Although MRAM is primarily a technology still in development, chips using a form of MRAM called ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM) are available.
		By using a material's magnetic properties to store and process information instead of relying on a material's electronic properties, MRAM promises to provide a faster nonvolatile memory (memory that retains its information when the power is shut off) than existing EEPROM and flash nonvolatile memory.
		MRAM is also a denser memory type, which means that an MRAM chip can offer a higher amount of storage capacity for its size than can chips using other existing memory technologies.
	www.rfidjournal.com /article/articleview/1464/1/1 (894 words)

	Freescale Launches Commercial MRAM Into Uncertain Market
		MRAM, which is based on magnetic tunnel junction materials, has been in development since the mid-1990s.
		Though MRAM has the potential to be a "blockbuster" product, Gartner believes it could just as easily remain a niche market technology satisfying the needs of applications that can justify the price premium for high-speed, high-endurance and nonvolatile memory.
		MRAM was at the peak of Gartner's 2004 semiconductors Hype Cycle, when it was touted as a replacement for DRAM, SRAM and flash memory in handheld devices such as cell phones, and ultimately as a solution to the limitations of using DRAM for main memory in PCs.
	www.gartner.com /DisplayDocument?doc_cd=142019 (619 words)

	The Future of Things (TFOT) - MRAM — The Birth of the Super Memory
		Like Flash, MRAM retains data after a power supply is cut off, potentially eliminating that seemingly endless boot time of conventional computers when data from the hard drive is transferred to RAM, as well as loss of data when the computer is suddenly shut off.
		MRAM has much faster write speeds than Flash and has an unlimited endurance, meaning that MRAM is not subject to the degradation suffered by Flash.
		An MRAM chip is made up of millions of pairs of tiny ferromagnetic plates (like the one covering hard drives) called memory cells, i.e., magnetic sandwiches consisting of two magnetic layers separated by a very thin insulating layer.
	www.tfot.info /content/view/95/59 (2442 words)

	Freescale Announces MRAM
		Magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) is the next-generation in computer memory, and Freescale sees MRAM as one that can replace many of the memory technologies in use today.
		MRAM has promise for the computer industry, as well as particular memory-intensive applications.
		Freescale described MRAM as combining "the speed of eSRAM and the non-volatility of Flash onto a single chip." The chips can retain data for those applications in the manner of Flash chips, commonly found in devices like media players.
	www.internetfinancialnews.com /insiderreports/featured/ifn-2-20060711FreescaleAnnouncesMRAM.html (340 words)

	MRAM: The Future of Solid State - Computer Technology Review Magazine (Site not responding. Last check: )
		MRAM is the next step to utilizing electron spin states commercially; scientists are now attempting to apply spin-polarization in semi-conductors.
		Probably the most anticipated feature of MRAM will be instant-on computing¾all prevalent software applications and data will reside in memory without any boot-up sequence, a user will literally push a button and the computer will power up exactly as it was when turned off.
		MRAM's durability and low power needs combined with a dose of radiation hardening make it perfect for defense and aerospace technologies and is set to be the primary data storage technology for satellites.
	www.westworldproductions.com /CTR_Current/July04_22.asp (883 words)

	CXOtoday.com > News > Technology > World's Most Powerful Magnetic RAM Unveiled
		MRAM is a non-volatile memory technology that can store information for an extended period of time without power.
		InfineonÂ’s 16-Mbit MRAM chip is approximately 1,000 times faster than the non-volatile flash memory used in USB sticks, handheld computers and digital cameras.
		In light of its many advantages, MRAM has in todayÂ’s sight the potential to enter many memory applications in a few years, according to Infineon.
	www.cxotoday.com /cxo/jsp/index.jsp?section=News&subsection=Technology&subsection_code=5&file=template1.jsp&storyid=1103 (684 words)

	CO423: Magnetic Random Access Memory (MRAM)
		MRAM consists of arrays of magnetic memory cells in which the information is stored as the magnetization direction of tiny ferromagnetic elements.
		The main objective of this course is to provide a good understanding of the basic challenges of MRAM technology in which numerous companies such as Motorola, IBM, Cypress, Infineon, Micron, and others are actively involved.
		The MRAM cell uses an additional semiconductor switch (usually CMOS transistors) integrated with the memory cell to suppress parasitic signal paths within the array of lines.
	www.semizone.com /webcast/product?usca_p=t&product_id=423&corporate_p=0&partner_id=0 (528 words)

	What is MRAM? - A Word Definition From the Webopedia Computer Dictionary
		Unlike a technology such as DRAM, which requires a constant flow of electricity to maintain the integrity of the data, MRAM will retain data even when the power is turned off and only requires a small amount of electricity to store data bits.
		Technically, MRAM works by placing millions of magnetic “sandwiches” on a silicon substrate, with tiny parallel wires running in one direction on top of them and more perpendicular wires running below, creating a woven effect in the wiring.
		MRAM, first developed by IBM in the 1970s, is expected to replace DRAM as the memory standard in electronics.
	www.webopedia.com /TERM/M/MRAM.html (305 words)

	What is MRAM? - a definition from Whatis.com - see also: magnetoresistive RAM
		- MRAM (magnetoresistive random access memory) is a method of storing data bits using magnetic charges instead of the electrical charges used by DRAM (dynamic random access memory).
		The chip is a three-volt MRAM with an address access time of about 15 nanoseconds.
		Development of MRAM basically followed two scientific schools: 1) spin electronics, the science behind giant magnetoresistive heads used in disk drives and 2) tunneling magnetic resistance, or TMR, which is expected to be the basis of future MRAM.
	whatis.techtarget.com /gDefinition/0,294236,sid5_gci539346,00.html (470 words)

	IBM Research \| Press Resources \| IBM, Infineon Develop Most Advanced MRAM Technology to Date
		MRAM could lead to ‘instant on' computers, allowing users to turn computers on and off as quickly as a light switch.
		MRAM combines the best features of today's common memory technologies: the storage capacity and low-cost of Dynamic RAM (DRAM), the high speed of Static RAM (SRAM), and the non-volatility of flash memory.
		Since MRAM will not need constant power to keep the data intact, it could consume much less than current random access memory technologies, extending the battery life of cell phones, handheld devices, laptops and other battery powered products.
	domino.research.ibm.com /comm/pr.nsf/pages/news.20030610_mram.html (1124 words)

	The Semiconductor Reporter
		The pact is aimed at accelerating Honeywell's development of radiation-hardened MRAM for military and aerospace systems, such as satellites.
		The MRAM is seen as combing the "best" of embedded DRAM, SRAM, and flash for single-chip logic solutions, while silicon nanocrystal technology and "thin-film storage" concepts are being pursued by Motorols to replace flash-only embedded storage on ICs (see March 31 story).
		The use of MRAM memory would eliminate the need for the auxiliary systems that add weight, require storage and often are less reliable, Honeywell said.
	www.semireporter.com /public/4704.cfm (350 words)

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