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Topic: MRNA

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Intron

Exon

Ribonuclease

Gene

Ribozyme

Protein sequencing

Secondary structure

Ribosome

Codon

Primary structure

Tertiary structure

Restriction enzyme

DNA

DNA replication

Cytoskeleton

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	Messenger RNA - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Because eukaryotic transcription and translation is compartmentally separated, eukaryotic mRNAs must be exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
		Shortly after the start of transcription, the 5' end of the mRNA being synthesized is bound by a cap-synthesizing complex associated with RNA polymerase.
		Stability of mRNAs may be mediated by the 5' UTR and 3' UTR due to varying affinity for certain RNA degrading enzymes (RNases), which can promote or inhibit the relative stability of the RNA molecule.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/MRNA (1606 words)

	BioChain-diagnosis, tissue section, protein lysate, mRNA, RNA, cDNA, genomic DNA, antibody
		BioChain's mRNA is isolated from total RNA obtained from human adult and fetal normal tissues, human tumor and diseased tissues, as well as from mouse, rat, monkey, and plant tissues.
		The purity and intactness of the mRNA is verified by agarose gel electrophoresis, Northern analysis, cDNA synthesis, and capillary electrophoresis using an Agilent 2100 bioanalyzer.
		The mRNA is isolated from a variety of human normal adult, fetel, tumor, or mouse, rat and monkey tissues.
	www.biochain.com /biochain/shop2.aspx?sub_category=mRNA (250 words)

	mRNA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The role of mRNA is to move the information contained in DNA to the translation machinery.
		This cap serves to identify this RNA molecule as an mRNA to the translational machinery.
		Both the 5' cap and the 3' tail are added after the RNA is transcribed and contribute to the stability of the mRNA in the cell.
	www.biochem.uwo.ca /meds/medna/mRNA.html (218 words)

	Estrogen Regulation of mRNA Degradation
		The level of an mRNA in the cytoplasm represents a balance between the rate at which the mRNA precursor is synthesized in the nucleus and the rates of nuclear RNA processing and export and cytoplasmic mRNA degradation.
		Although it is well known that actinomycin D and other global inhibitors of mRNA synthesis interfere with diverse cell processes and often produce artifacts in measuring mRNA degradation rates, the absence of alternatives methods has led to their continued and widespread use.
		The degradation of the mRNA is measured by quantitative RT-PCR and is made possible by improved methods for eliminating the transfected DNA from the RNA samples (Mao and Shapiro, unpublished).
	www.life.uiuc.edu /shapiro/EstrRegmRNADeg.html (915 words)

	Transcription and Translation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The information which codes for the polypeptide begins with an initiation codon or start signal that in bacteria is always the codon AUG (this codes for the amino acid n-formyl methione).
		The bulk of the mRNA molecule is the sequence of codons that code for the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain.
		At the very end of the mRNA molecule is double region containing a self complementary sequence that folds and base pairs into a hairpin loop.
	www.brooklyn.cuny.edu /bc/ahp/BioInfo/TT/Tlatm.html (231 words)

	Feedback Inhibition of Poly(A)-binding Protein mRNA Translation. A POSSIBLE MECHANISM OF TRANSLATION ARREST BY STALLED ...
		of this mRNA in a sucrose gradient (Fig.
		The corresponding region of the 5'-UTR of Pabp1 mRNA is shown by nucleotide numbers, and the location of the ARS is shown by the dark box in A.
		P-labeled oligodeoxynucleotide probes to determine the presence of nuclease-protected RNA fragments derived from the region adjacent to the ARS of the Pabp1 mRNA 5'-UTR (B).
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/276/50/47352 (7421 words)

	mRNA stability--regulation
		Stability of mRNAs depends on complex interactions between sequences in the RNA and protein factors that bind to them.
		A class II element (from IL-3 mRNA) is required for destabilization of IL-3 mRNA in mast cells treated with cyclosporin.
		Iron responsiveness of TfR mRNA stability is conferred by a secondary structure element in the 3' non-translated region of TfR mRNA, the iron responsive element (IRE).
	opbs.okstate.edu /~melcher/mg/MGW2/MG2371.html (312 words)

	The major mRNA-associated protein YB-1 is a potent 5[prime] cap-dependent mRNA stabilizer
		The amounts of LUC mRNA from three independent experiments similar to that shown in (A) were quantified by PhosphorImaging software and normalized to 18S rRNA.
		P-cap-labeled and polyadenylated LUC mRNA was incubated in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate as in (A) with buffer alone (-) or in the presence of 1
		YB-1 is anchored to the mRNA body due to its general non-specific RNA binding activity, and its interaction with the cap-proximal region is prevented by eIF4F.
	www.nature.com /emboj/journal/v20/n19/fig_tab/7594044ft.html (1194 words)

	Smith Lab research - APOBEC-1 editing of apolipoprotein B mRNA
		ApoB mRNA editing was first suggested to be a nuclear process from the analysis of the proportion of edited apoB mRNA among intermediates in the biosynthesis of processed nuclear mRNA and cytoplasmic apoB mRNA.
		Hormonal stimulation of apoB mRNA editing activity is coincident with nuclear import of ACF (native ACF shown in green) to the nucleus (DAPI stained blue).
		Molecular analysis of apoB mRNA demonstrated that the RNA editing response to ethanol occurred rapidly (within minutes to 2 h) and was sustained (7-18 h).
	dbb.urmc.rochester.edu /labs/smith/research_2.htm (1123 words)

	ExonHit - Alternative Splicing - RNA Processing - mRNA surveillance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		However, if the mRNA surveillance machinery detects an in frame stop codon upstream of the last exon then mechanisms are initiated to either degrade the transcript or remove the premature stop codon to allow expression of almost full length protein.
		In order to verify that the stop codon is positioned in the last exon of the mRNA each exon/exon boundary must be flagged prior to, or during, the RNA splicing process.
		These exon/exon junction complexes remain bound to the mRNA and are only displaced by the ribosome during the primary round of translation.
	www.exonhit.com /alternativesplicing/pages/rna_processing/4 (444 words)

	Spidey -- mRNA to genomic alignment
		When multiple mRNAs are aligned to a single genomic sequence, the results page will start with a list of the mRNAs that were run so that you can easily jump down to see the results.
		The minimum percent identity and mRNA length coverage are cutoffs that Spidey uses to evaluate the final alignments.
		If the percent identity of the final alignment is lower than the specified cutoff, or if the percent of the mRNA's length that is covered by the alignment is lower than the percent length chosen, the final alignment will not be reported.
	www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov /IEB/Research/Ostell/Spidey/spideyfaq.html (1169 words)

	High-resolution Quantification of Specific mRNA Levels in Human Brain Autopsies and Biopsies -- Castensson et al. 10 ...
		Heffernan, J.M., Eastwood, S.L., Nagy, Z., Sanders, M.W., McDonald, B., and Harrison, P.J. Temporal cortex synaptophysin mRNA is reduced in Alzheimer's disease and is negatively correlated with the severity of dementia.
		Meoni, P., Bunnemann, B.H., Kingsbury, A.E., Trist, D.G., and Bowery, N.G. NMDA NR1 subunit mRNA and glutamate NMDA-sensitive binding are differentially affected in the striatum and pre-frontal cortex of Parkinson's disease patients.
		Sokolov, B.P. Expression of NMDAR1, GluR1, GluR7, and KA1 glutamate receptor mRNAs is decreased in frontal cortex of `neuroleptic-free' schizophrenics: Evidence on reversible up-regulation by typical neuroleptics.
	www.genome.org /cgi/content/full/10/8/1219 (5123 words)

	The Ref/Aly proteins are dispensable for mRNA export and development in Caenorhabditis elegans -- LONGMAN et al. 9 (7): ...
		CeNXT1/p15 mRNA is specifically depleted in RNAi-treated animals (lane 4) compared with wild-type animals (lane 2); whereas the level of a control mRNA, corresponding to CeNXF1/Tap1, is unaffected (lanes 1,3).
		CeY14 mRNA is specifically depleted in RNAi-treated animals (lane 4) compared with wild-type animals (lane 2); whereas the level of a control mRNA, corresponding to CeNXF1/Tap1, is unaffected (lanes 1,3).
		Poly(A) RNA distribution in intestines of wild-type, untreated worms are shown in f and h (nuclei are indicated by arrowheads), and corresponding DAPI- stained nuclei are shown in e and g.
	www.rnajournal.org /cgi/content/full/9/7/881 (6268 words)

	Differential Expression of Human Metallothionein Isoform I mRNA in Human Proximal Tubule Cells Exposed to Metals
		As was the case for MT-1E mRNA of Cd -exposed cells, the increase in expression compared to control was evident at the lowest levels of Zn and Cu exposure where there was no loss of HPT cell viability.
		These results indicate that MT-1F mRNA is a rare transcript in HPT cells under basal conditions and that the level of expression is not increased due to metal exposure.
		MT-1G and MT-1H mRNA displayed marginal bands approximately 20% of the time at 40 reaction cycles; however, the occurrence of bands had no discernible pattern under basal conditions or when the cells were exposed to the six metals (data not shown).
	ehp.niehs.nih.gov /members/1998/106p825-832garrett/garrett-full.html (5009 words)

	Assessment of Within-group Variation in CYP1A mRNA Inducibility in Environmentally Exposed and Chemically Treated ...
		In controlled laboratory experiments, we have demonstrated that CYP1A mRNA is inducible in Atlantic tomcod by exposure to low concentrations of aromatic hydrocarbons such as PAHs, a coplanar PCB congener, and TCDD and that levels of gene expression are dose-responsive (Grunwald et al.
		However, these results indicate that variation in CYP1A mRNA gene expression was high in tomcod even when treated under controlled laboratory conditions, suggesting that a major component of variation in gene expression in environmentally exposed fish is due to intrinsic biological factors which impact on gene inducibility.
		The effect of temperature on CYP1A mRNA induction was investigated by injecting (ip) Hudson River tomcod with a single treatment of ß-NF (100 ppm) and maintaining groups of five to ten fish at 0°, 5°, 7.5°, or 10° C, for 3 days before sacrificing.
	ehp.niehs.nih.gov /members/1994/Suppl-12/85-90courtenay/courtenay-full.html (3671 words)

	A Molecular Biology Glossary
		In an mRNA, a codon is a sequence of three nucleotides which codes for the incorporation of a specific amino acid into the growing protein.
		The term mRNA is used only for a mature transcript with polyA tail and with all introns removed, rather than the primary transcript in the nucleus.
		This "primer" is hybridized to mRNA (say, a mixture of mRNA containing the one in which you are interested), and reverse transcriptase is added to copy the mRNA from the primer out to the 5' end.
	seqcore.brcf.med.umich.edu /doc/educ/dnapr/mbglossary/mbgloss.html (10654 words)

	Active Motif » mTRAP mRNA Isolation
		The result is more mRNA per sample, with much less ribosomal RNA and genomic DNA contamination.
		A useful characteristic of the Poly T gripNA Probe is that it binds to complementary DNA with a higher affinity than it does to complementary RNA.
		Eluted mRNA was quantified by spectrophotometer and plotted.
	www.activemotif.com /catalog/molecular_biology/mtrap (492 words)

	DMN10 GenElute Direct mRNA Miniprep Kit
		The GenElute mRNA kits provide convenient procedures for isolating polyadenylated mRNA from previously prepared total RNA or directly from mammalian cells and tissues.
		For direct mRNA preparation, cells or tissues are disrupted with SDS/proteinase K digestion to release RNA and eliminate RNases.
		mRNA prepared with either kit is suitable for a variety of downstream applications such as Northern blotting, expression array or chip hybridizations and cDNA synthesis and library construction.
	www.sigmaaldrich.com /catalog/search/ProductDetail?ProdNo=DMN10&Brand=SIGMA (268 words)

	Gonadotropes express GH mRNA
		This characteristic can be tested by dual labeling for GH mRNA and gonadotropin antigens with in situ hybridization histochemistry followed by immunochemistry.
		Also, there is a significant increase in expression of GH mRNA by cells with LH and FSH antigens during this rise.
		The labeling for GH mRNA is in linear patches or spots distributed in the cytoplasm.
	www.cytochemistry.net /CHILDS/gh4.htm (464 words)

	PHYTOCHROME MRNA DEGRADATION: CIS-ELEMENTS, FACTORS, AND PATHWAY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The remainder of the phyA mRNA population appears to be deadenylated and simultaneously degraded from both the 5' and 3' ends by exonucleases.
		We have estimated the half-lives of the distinct phyA3 and phyA4 mRNAs that are present in oats.
		Abundance andhalf-life of the distinct oat phytochrome A3 and A4 mRNAs.
	www.nal.usda.gov /pgdic/pggrantinfo/1993/9162543.html (498 words)

	mRNA localization and the Cytoskeleton
		In eggs cells, specific mRNAs are enriched by their association with the cytoskeleton, at particular parts of the cell so that for example cells that subsequently arise from the animal pole contain mRNAs
		Han, J. Park, J. H., Kim, M. and Lee, J. (1997) mRNA for microtubule proteins are specifically colocalized during the sequential formation of basal body, flagella, and cytoskeletal microtubules in the differentiation of Naegleria gruberi.
		-actin and its mRNA are localized at the plasma membrane and the regions of moving cytoplasm during the cellular response to injury.
	www.bms.ed.ac.uk /research/others/smaciver/Cyto-Topics/mRNA_localization.htm (892 words)

	Proteomics - mRNA Capture and RT-PCR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The isolation of messenger RNA (mRNA or poly(A+) RNA) from complex biological samples is often tedious and time-consuming.
		Once captured and isolated, mRNAs may be detected directly with labeled probes or else used as templates to direct amplification of complementary nucleic acid sequence.
		The mRNA is captured, reverse transcribed and PCR-amplified in the same tube, significantly reducing the number of handling steps and the chance for introducing contaminants.
	www.piercenet.com /Proteomics/browse.cfm?fldID=6BBC2CE2-AE82-4E4D-87F5-A238ACC80198 (823 words)

	mRNA stability
		One mechanism for regulating the amounts of particular proteins present in a cell is the degradation of their mRNAs.
		Replacement of the 3' non-translated region (NTR) of the stable globin mRNA with the 3' NTR of the unstable c-fos mRNA made the globin mRNA unstable.
		Stability or instability of mRNA is due to identifiable sequences in the 3' NTR.
	opbs.okstate.edu /~melcher/mg/MGW2/MG237.html (364 words)

	[No title]
		Having a lighter core as opposed to a magnetite core allows for the beads to stay in suspension longer during the binding and washing steps than heavier magnetite core beads; this maximizes mRNA binding to the bead and also allows contaminants to be removed efficiently and effectively.
		We also optimized the buffer system to maximize mRNA yield so you have to repeat fewer purification experiments because of low yield or quality—all of which saves you valuable time and allows you to reach your research goals faster and easier than before.
		The New Absolutely mRNA™ Purification Kit Delivers a High Yield of Pure mRNA The Absolutely mRNA™ purification kit delivers a high yield of the purest poly A+ RNA using one of the fastest protocols compared to other kits on the market for mRNA purification.
	www.stratagene.com /products/displayProduct.aspx?pid=636 (574 words)

	Differential GH-releasing hormone regulation of GHRH receptor mRNA expression in the rat pituitary -- Lasko et al. 280 ...
		Differential GH-releasing hormone regulation of GHRH receptor mRNA expression in the rat pituitary -- Lasko et al.
		Differential GH-releasing hormone regulation of GHRH receptor mRNA expression in the rat pituitary
		the capacity of the pituitary to increase GHRH receptor mRNA expression
	ajpendo.physiology.org /cgi/content/abstract/280/4/E626 (379 words)

	Cell Biology Lab- mRNA Localization Page 1
		In the process of gene expression DNA is transcribed to mRNA which is translated to Protein
		The most extensively studied system for mRNA localization is that of Drosophila development where it is involved with establishing patterns in the developing embryo.
		The 3'UTR region of mRNAs also is the region for polyA binding proteins and other stabilizing/destabilizing sequences.
	anatomy.med.unsw.edu.au /cbl/research/mrna/mrna1.htm (411 words)

	Premature termination codons enhance mRNA decapping in human cells -- Couttet and Grange 32 (2): 488 -- Nucleic Acids ...
		This estimation was performed using as size references the poly(A) ß-globin mRNA, rRNA and the mRNAs used as internal controls of transfection efficiency and RNA loading [luciferase and poly(A)-binding protein mRNAs].
		Hall,G.W. and Thein,S. (1994) Nonsense codon mutations in the terminal exon of the beta-globin gene are not associated with a reduction in beta-mRNA accumulation: a mechanism for the phenotype of dominant beta-thalassemia.
		Beelman,C.A. and Parker,R. (1995) Degradation of mRNA in eukaryotes.
	nar.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/32/2/488 (5055 words)

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