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	Bell System - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The 1984 Bell System divestiture that brought an end to the affiliation branded as the Bell System was the result of a lawsuit alleging illegal practices by the Bell System companies to stifle competition in the telecommunications industry; the lawsuit was brought against it by the United States Department of Justice (DOJ).
		The Bell System trademark (as diagram) and service mark (as the words Bell System in text) was used before January 1, 1984, when the ATandT divestiture of its regional operating companies took effect.
		Cincinnati Bell, a local franchise of the Bell System that was never wholly-owned by ATandT and existed separately prior to 1984, also continues to use the Bell name and logo.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ma_Bell (1858 words)

	Bell System divestiture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Under the terms of a settlement finalized on January 8, 1982, "Ma Bell" agreed to divest its local exchange service operating companies, in return for a chance to go into the computer business, ATandT Computer Systems.
		Four of these are "Baby Bells" or former competitors that have merged with the Baby Bells.
		(Cincinnati Bell continues to use the logo; however, it is not considered an RBOC because it had been a minority holding of ATandT before 1984.) ATandT, from its days as SBC, already controlled 60 percent of Cingular Wireless, which had itself recently bought ATandT Wireless from the "old" ATandT.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/The_break_up_of_AT&T (745 words)

	Times Community Newspapers - 'Ma Bell' is not dead
		Some folks think Ma Bell was starting to show her age in 1947 (at 71) by claiming she dropped the ball when the transistor was invented by Bell Labs, born in 1925.
		Ma Bell's "wireless" child was growing in leaps and bounds but simply couldn't seem to generate enough income to feed itself.
		Ma Bell could no longer get copper to the home (at wholesale rates) and thus finally conceded the Telcom War by abandoning her 128-year old consumer voice business.
	www.timescommunity.com /site/tab2.cfm?newsid=15630669&BRD=2553&PAG=461&dept_id=506071&rfi=6 (822 words)

	AT&T Divestiture - What Killed Ma Bell? by Melvin D. Barger (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		MA BELL, the world's biggest company and largest private telephone system, went to her Eternal Reward on January 1.
		Bell System officials usually won cooperation from federal and state officials and were left free to manage the telephone business in most important ways.
		The 22 Bell operating companies, which will continue to be regulated under the umbrellas of the seven holding companies, may have trouble maintaining their position when new methods of bypassing them are marketed.
	www.bellsystemmemorial.com /whatkilledmabell.html (3261 words)

	The American Spectator
		Ma Bell, like the original Kong, was captured, exhibited for public amusement, and ultimately destroyed.
		There is a lesson, too, in the generation-long saga of Ma Bell -- the siege, her surrender, and her imminent reincarnation: Beware of messing around with market structures.
		Ma Bell's seven offspring were encased in the handcuffs Ma Bell had worn.
	www.spectator.org /dsp_article.asp?art_id=9494 (1008 words)

	dallasobserver.com \| News \| Ring Ma Bell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Bell spokesman Glenn Smith says Bell has matched AT&T dollar for dollar on defense ads that slam AT&T. The strategy behind the AT&T ads is to seize profits from Bell by pressuring the Legislature to reduce long-distance access fees.
		"Bell is aggressive, and it's just a matter of an individual legislator being able to accept that aggressiveness," says Rep. Robert Puente, a San Antonio Democrat and one of the few legislators tough enough to stand up to Bell.
		Taking note of the Legislature's proclivity to lower access rates, Bell is willing to negotiate a reduction even though the company insists the existing rate subsidizes a loss it incurs from keeping the basic rates for local service among the lowest in the nation.
	www.dallasobserver.com /issues/1999-05-20/feature.html (991 words)

	FT.com / Comment & analysis / Columnists - Thomas W. Hazlett: For whom the Ma Bell... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Ma Bell’s new owners at SBC paid $16bn to scavenge her corporate parts, salvaging the famous ATandT name, its ticker symbol, “T”, and its logo, which it has slightly touched up.
		But the financial record cannot be airbrushed: $100 invested in Ma Bell in January 1970 was worth $626 at check-out.
		Occupying the eye of this storm of innovative enterprise was Ma Bell, a prima donna that – protected by regulators and dominant over the ‘central nervous system of the U.S. economy’ - dictated terms and conditions, and made every phone a rented fl one for a half century.
	www.ft.com /cms/s/df32257c-6682-11da-884a-0000779e2340.html (960 words)

	AT&T: History: Origins
		Bell was trying to invent a talking telegraph -- a telephone.
		The American Telephone and Telegraph Company was incorporated on March 3, 1885 as a wholly owned subsidiary of American Bell, chartered to build and operate the original long distance telephone network.
		Until Bell's second patent expired in 1894, only Bell Telephone and its licensees could legally operate telephone systems in the United States.
	www.att.com /history/history1.html (383 words)

	24. Ma Bell Breaks Up
		The proposed settlement would have allowed Ma Bell to enter the burgeoning data-processing and computer markets -- a concession that would void a 1956 decree restricting ATandT to telecommunications -- in return for its spinning off parts of Western Electric (its equipment manufacturing arm) and several of the 22 regional Bell telephone companies.
		Its subsidiary, Bell Labs, was the world's foremost research and development operation, responsible for the development of the transistor, the laser, the semiconductor and the microchip.
		The breakup of Ma Bell marked the beginning of a telecommuni-cations revolution thanks to innovations such as fiber optics and microprocessors.
	eightiesclub.tripod.com /id310.htm (1356 words)

	Ma Bell's labs: Good as reputation: 10/8/97 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		At the top research universities, work experience at Bell Labs on a scientist's or engineer's resume commands respect normally reserved for research positions at their peer academic institutions.
		Certain that they ran the best telephone system in the world and believing that nobody could make phone equipment that worked as well as theirs, Ginn said, Bell scientists and engineers, as well as Bell phone operators and linemen, were shocked that the government would treat them so shabbily.
		That was partly because they were privately owned compared to government-owned systems elsewhere, he said, but Bell Labs also produced good technology, and there were "obvious economies of scope in having a single research lab" for communication system development.
	www.stanford.edu /group/news/report/news/1997/october8/mabell.html (680 words)

	Reason: Ma Bell's Retirement: Why the mega-merger is no big deal
		For most of the 20th century, the Bell System, as ATandT was known, controlled all long-distance telephone service in the U.S., and the vast majority of local traffic.
		The Bell System was broken up in 1984, when ATandT was forced to spin off its local service to seven regional "Baby Bell" companies, including what is now SBC.
		And cable TV firms have stolen a march on the Bells in broadband connections, with some two-thirds of the market.
	www.reason.com /hod/jg021805.shtml (723 words)

	Wired News: DMCA: Ma Bell Would Be Proud
		The saga of Ma Bell -- AT&T's old Bell System -- is a case in point.
		Ma Bell ultimately lost the case, setting the stage for a flood of future telephone devices.
		Ma Bell may have been pretty powerful in her heyday, but if she'd been empowered by something like the DMCA she might still be around.
	www.wired.com /news/politics/0,1283,57268,00.html (871 words)

	Ma Bell returns: AT&T buys BellSouth for $67 billion - Engadget
		The incest in the Bell family is getting a little out of control, but we're gonna try and break it down for you, being that news just hit the wires that ATandT is buying BellSouth for 67 billion.
		As you may recall, BellSouth, one of the original 7 baby bells, also owns 40% of Cingular (complementing the 60% once owned by SBC, which is now called ATandT).
		Now, to give this a little context: the only other baby bells left outside the ATandT umbrella in one form or another is Verizon (formerly Bell Atlantic, which merged with Nynex and GTE) and Qwest (which absorbed US West), neither of which will likely be comin' home to mama.
	www.engadget.com /2006/03/05/ma-bell-returns-atandt-buys-bellsouth-for-67-billion (3107 words)

	broadband » News » Consumer Groups Attack AT&T Merger - Ma Bell resurrected, or no big deal?
		When the Ma Bell monopoly bean counters wanted to keep their little world just as it was.
		When Ma Bell was broken up there was pretty much only one way to place a phone call.
		Now, it seems that these non-competing "competitors" are being merged back into Ma Bell with the reason that there isn't really any competition, so the mergers should be approved.
	www.broadbandreports.com /shownews/72567 (4407 words)

	deseretnews.com \| Is 'Ma Bell' being reborn?
		Four of the original seven regional Bell phone companies created in the court-ordered breakup of AT&T — plus what remained of AT&T — would become part of the new AT&T. An additional two regional Bells — Bell Atlantic and Nynex — along with GTE and MCI, now are part of Verizon.
		The only Bell of the seven still standing apart is Qwest, an amalgam of the old US WEST and long-distance company Qwest, which serves much of Utah, among other areas.
		Since the Bell System was broken up, he notes, the phone and cable TV markets have changed dramatically.
	deseretnews.com /dn/view/0,1249,635189675,00.html (1481 words)

	Duplicating Ma Bell's Cooking
		This was no easy task, because Bell told the world of the design, features and performance of transistors, but almost nothing about how to make them.
		Bell’s coaxial point-contact transistors appeared ideal for Hughes systems applications, with possible advantages in geometry, ruggedness and circuit isolation.
		Morgan McMahon, device research engineer, was tasked to breathe life into the junction bar devices, and to determine their electrical properties.
	www.smecc.org /duplicating_ma_bell's_cooking.htm (1711 words)

	Fool.com: Ma Bell Means Business? [Motley Fool Take] July 22, 2004
		Either Ma Bell designed the slowest transition of all time out of its declining consumer business, or it just thinks that people have a short attention span.
		Net income was down 80% from last year, and revenues dropped 13%, which included a 13% decline in revenues for its business segment.
		Ma Bell explained that margin improvement was fueled by "favorable access settlements," and expects margins in the second half to "be eroded by continuing pricing pressures."
	www.fool.com /News/mft/2004/mft04072218.htm (529 words)

	Ma Bell To Shut Down New Orleans WiFi - Consumerist
		The 512 kbps service allowed many business owners to begin struggling back to their feet and corporate sponsors like Yahoo and Google were in discussion to expand the service in the coming months.
		Telecommunication lobbyists from Bell South have put the lean on New Orleans, demanding that the free service be outlawed.
		Bell South is right when they decide to replace the system on their own dime out of the goodness of their vile fl hearts.
	www.consumerist.com /consumer/telecoms/ma-bell-to-shut-down-new-orleans-wifi-162687.php (543 words)

	HowardForums: Your Mobile Phone Community & Resource - Ma Bell
		I was at a party on the weekend and I was introduced to a friend of a friend of mine who was recently hired to work in a Bell World location in the lower mainland of Vancouver.
		Bell is also apparently going to completely overtake Telus in the market buy building a better network and stealing away all their customers.
		If Bell Mobility (and Bell in General) is famous for anything, they are famous for Nickel and diming people.
	www.howardforums.com /showthread.php?t=7750 (691 words)

	LP: Ma Bell's Retirement
		Ma Bell despite all the bad publicity generated by those who made fortunes from the split was a good deal for the money.
		Ma Bell was very happy with the old rotary 500 sets.
		MA Bell the communications company that was would likely have broadband capabilities in all homes now.
	www.libertypost.org /cgi-bin/readart.cgi?ArtNum=85465 (4199 words)

	Ma Bell Matricide, July 3, 1996
		I long for the day that Bell is bankrupt and there are 10 professional companies to take their place - just like in any other industry.
		Rex Toler wrote about his experiences w/ Bell Atlantic.....I won't add the entire horror story but let's say that, after moving in February, we are STILL fighting w/ them to get the phones and listings right.
		Well now, they respond: "Bell Atlantic no longer provides that service (?), you should have a friend ring you back." Well, that "service" takes all of five seconds for an operator, but alas, they've been instructed not to do it.
	www.dcwatch.com /themail/1996/96-07-03a.htm (1990 words)

	AT&T: History: Home
		See a 1926 recreation of Alexander Graham Bell inventing the telephone.
		The history of ATandT is in large measure the history of the telephone in the United States.
		The Bell System provided what was by all accounts the best telephone service in the world.
	www.att.com /history (249 words)

	VON Magazine :: Web Exclusives :: The Return of Ma Bell? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The "new" ATandT is making an all-stock deal of $67 billion that would leave the company hold the sole title to Cingular Wireless, 70.9 million local phone lines in 22 states, 9.9 million DSL lines, and 54.1 million wireless customers.
		ATandT has cited holding sole control of Cingular, run as a joint venture with Bell South, as one of the driving reasons for the deal.
		Consumers Union and the Consumer Federation of America are going to ask the Justice Department's antitrust division to block the deal, predicting a merger will lead to higher local, long distance, and cell phone prices for consumers across the country, particularly in the South and Southeast.
	www.vonmag.com /webexclusives/2006/03/6_Ma_Bell.asp (349 words)

	Free Press : Ma Bell, remarried
		The local phone lines were entrusted to Southwestern Bell (later renamed SBC) and six other “Baby Bells.” At the time, AT&T was widely viewed as getting the better part of the deal.
		SBC and the other Bells continue to dominate the local markets — unfairly, in the view of their competitors — while gobbling up chunks of the long-distance business.
		The new AT&T won’t be Ma Bell — happily, most consumers have a wireless alternative for local and long-distance service, and gradually other options will appear as well.
	www.freepress.net /news/12140 (687 words)

	AT&T acquisition raises ghost of Ma Bell - U.S. Business - MSNBC.com
		But the choice of ATandT as the common name is a reminder that many Americans look back affectionately on the days of the Ma Bell monopoly, and the new company will have the scale to make that association more than just a marketing ploy.
		In its main business, long distance, it was facing nascent competition from the Baby Bells, which were allowed entry into that domain by the Telecommunications Act — as long as they opened their local business to competition.
		If Ma Bell is indeed back, it’s a Ma Bell of the Internet age, with very different issues to face than when she was last around.
	msnbc.msn.com /id/11688102 (997 words)

	Bell System Memorial - Main Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Permission is hereby granted for the use of my archives for classroom use, hobby use, historical collections, and other non-profit purposes so long as its use does not infringe on copyrights of others for such use.
		Bell System logos are still in use by and trademark property of several Regional Bell Operating Companies (RBOCs) in the USA such as BellSouth.
		The documents on this server are here to aid in the research of and education in telephone history, specifically the part in telephone history about the Bell System.
	www.bellsystemmemorial.com (517 words)

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