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	Online Encyclopedia and Dictionary - Maarten Tromp
		Maarten Harpertszoon Tromp (April 23, 1598–August 10, 1653) was an officer and later admiral in the Dutch navy.
		Born in Den Briel, Tromp sailed the seas from the age of nine, and joined the Dutch navy as a lieutenant in 1621.
		Tromp, a "sea hero", was immensely popular with the common people, a sentiment expressed by the greatest of Dutch poets, Joost van den Vondel in a famous poem describing his marble grave monument in Delft showing the admiral on his moment of death with a burning British fleet on the background:
	fact-archive.com /encyclopedia/Maarten_Tromp (304 words)

	Maarten Tromp (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Maarten Harpertszoon Tromp (April 23, 1598-August 10, 1653) was an officer and later admiral in the Dutch navy.
		Born in Den Briel, Tromp sailed the seas from the age of 9, and joined the Dutch navy as a lieutenant in 1621.
		Tromp was killed in the First Anglo-Dutch War during the Battle of Scheveningen, after having lost earlier battles with the English that same year.
	www.theezine.net /m/maarten-tromp.html (123 words)

	Maarten Harpertszoon Tromp
		Tromp received a knighthood from Louis XIII in 1640 and in 1642 he received one from Charles I when he visited Dover.
		A fleet under the command of Tromp blocked the harbour of Duinkerken while French troops attacked the city on land.
		Maarten Tromp was killed during the First English War in the battle of Terheijde (near Scheveningen) on August 10 1653 after having lost two earlier battles at sea in March and June of that same year.
	www.geocities.com /Tokyo/Garden/5213/tromp.htm (815 words)

	Witte Corneliszoon de With - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He was born in Brielle like Maarten Tromp, but went to the Dutch East Indies when he was fifteen, returning in 1625 as Vice-Admiral (in service of the Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie) of the Spice Fleet.
		In the First Anglo-Dutch War against the Commonwealth of England, when Lieutenant-Admiral Maarten Tromp fell in disgrace with the States-General he commanded the Dutch fleet at the Battle of the Kentish Knock but failed and fought again as subcommander under Tromp in subsequent actions including the final Battle of Scheveningen in which Tromp died.
		One of the more remarkable aspects of De With's personality was his being a notorious pamphleteer, publishing many booklets, anonymous or under the name of friends, in which he sometimes praised but more often ridiculed or even insulted his fellow officers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Witte_Corneliszoon_de_With (384 words)

	History of HNLMS Tromp - The Royal Netherlands Embassy
		Tromp no. 2 - The armed schooner number 22 (1809-1826) which was built in 1804 as the Admiral C. Tromp was armed with seven cannons with a crew of 50 men.
		Tromp no. 3 - In 1805 the 64/68 gunship of the line Maarten Harpertszoon Tromp (1808-1823) was laid down in Rotterdam, launched in 1808 and put into service un Captain I.A. van der Straten on May 5th, 1811.
		Tromp no.7 - The HM Tromp was the flotilla leader of the Decker's fleet plan, which was introduced in 1931.
	www.netherlands-embassy.org /tromp/history.htm (580 words)

	Cornelis Tromp (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Cornelis Tromp (September 9, 1629 – May 29, 1691) was a Commander in chief of the Dutch and Danish navy.
		Tromp was born in Rotterdam, the second son of the later Admiral Maarten Tromp and Dignom Cornelisdochter de Haes.
		In the Second Anglo-Dutch War he fought as Vice-Admiral at the Battle of Lowestoft, was then temporarily given supreme command as Lieutenant-Admiral, but had to give up this function in favour of Michiel de Ruyter; he fought under the latter in the Four Days Battle and the St.
	www.tocatch.info /en/Cornelis_Tromp.htm (244 words)

	Battles of the First Anglo-Dutch War 1652-4
		Tromp was forced to disengage from the battle to protect the convoy.
		Tromp's first objective was the island of Texel, where a squadron of 27 warships and 10 fireships under the command of Vice-Admiral de With was blockaded by 120 English ships commanded by General-at-Sea George Monck.
		Tromp's death was a severe blow not only to the Dutch navy but also to the Orangist political faction, which wanted to defeat the Commonwealth and restore the Stuarts in England.
	www.british-civil-wars.co.uk /military/first-anglo-dutch-war-battles.htm (2959 words)

	alps.ca - Maarten Tromp (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Maarten Harpertszoon Tromp (1598-1653) He was born at Den Briel on April 23, 1598.
		At the age of 9, he sailed with his father, Harpert Maartenszoon, who was the captain of a small man-of-wa...
		Maarten Harpertszoon Tromp, 1598 1653, after an engraving by.
	alps.ca /Maarten-Tromp/reference/fullview/wikipedia/62717 (112 words)

	Battle of the Downs - TheBestLinks.com - English Channel, England, October 31, Spain, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Battle of the Downs, October 31 1639, was a naval battle of the Eighty Years' War, in which the navy of the United Provinces, commanded by Admiral Maarten Tromp, inflicted a decisive defeat on the Spanish, commanded by Admiral Antonio de Oquendo.
		Tromp had only 13 ships, but he attacked with such ferocity and skill that the Spanish were driven to take refuge on the coast of England, off the South Downs between Dover and Deal, near an English squadron commanded by Admiral Pennington.
		Here Tromp was joined by Witte de With's fleet of 17 ships and together they blockaded the Spanish and sent urgently to the Netherlands for reinforcement.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Battle_of_the_Downs.html (417 words)

	De Oude Kerk te Delft (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Among these are the naval heroes Piet Hein and Maarten Tromp, the physicist Anthony van Leeuwenhoek and the painter, Johannes Vermeer.
		Maarten Tromp (D) A mausoleum was erected at the northern side of the chancel in remembrance of Maarten Harpertszoon Tromp.
		A detailed perspective of the naval battle in which Tromp lost his life is sculpted on a white marble sheet in the middle of the pedestal.
	www.oudekerk-delft.nl /eng/graven_epitafen.html (741 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Staff Reporter After enduring two failed kidney transplants, a six-month delay and hospital food, Maarten Tromp is optimistic about the kidney he received from his brother in a pioneering transplant operation.
		Tromp, 18, who is from the Netherlands, was born with defective kidneys.
		So we're very pleased.'' Tromp's parents want to believe their son finally will be healthy, but they don't rule out the possibility of complications.
	www.mndaily.com /daily/gopher-archives/1994/06/29/KIDNEY1.STO.txt (518 words)

	The Daily Herald Newspaper \| St. Maarten/St. Martin - Caribbean
		Tromp, along with two advisers and Minister of Finance Russell Voges, was on island for round two of talks on possible relief for the business community and to sign a proposal for floating NAf.
		On the issue of St. Maarten's having its own currency if it becomes an island on its own, Tromp indicated that given the vulnerability of small economies, St. Maarten might be better off with the currencies it has now.
		According to Tromp, in the case of a natural disaster, there would be a lot of fluctuation in a currency based on only one industry, creating a high level of uncertainty.
	www.thedailyherald.com /news/daily/e281/reve281.html (614 words)

	Tromp Scheveningen Sea Beggars Maurits de Ruyter
		Maarten Tromp had seemingly been the heart and soul of the Dutch navy.
		In October 1652, when he tried to assume command of Tromp's flagship, the 'Brederode,' her crew refused to let him come on board, even threatening to blow his longboat out of the water with a broadside.
		At the battle of Portland Bill in February, Tromp lost twelve of his warships and 43 merchant ships in the convoy he was escorting.
	www.periclespress.com /Dutch_navy.html (3398 words)

	Cornelis Tromp, Dutch Admiral - Timeline Index
		Cornelis Tromp was a Commander in chief of the Dutch navy.
		Maarten Harpertszoon Tromp was an officer and later admiral in the Dutch navy.
		Born in Den Briel, Tromp sailed the seas from the age of nine, and joined the Dutch navy as...
	www.timelineindex.com /content/view/1335 (220 words)

	The Military Revolution - 2
		Maarten Tromp defeated Robert Blake at Dungeness in 1652, but lost to him at Texel (Terheide) in 1653.
		Maarten Tromp was important in introducing a sailing formation known as "line ahead": - each ship traveling in the wake of the one before it, so that all could simultaneously fire a "broadside".
		Even the Netherlands at the height of its seapower had to call on private vessels - two-thirds of Maarten Tromp's ships at the Battle of the Downs were hired or taken over from private hands.
	history.wisc.edu /sommerville/351/351-162.htm (1394 words)

	AllRefer.com - Dutch Wars : War of 1652–54 (Wars And Battles) - Encyclopedia
		Hostilities were opened (May, 1652) by a sea fight between the British and Dutch admirals, Robert Blake and Maarten Tromp.
		Tromp's fleet was forced to retire after an engagement off Portland (Feb., 1653), and the English regained control of the Channel.
		On July 31, 1653, Tromp attacked the blockading fleet; he was defeated and killed, but the English ships were forced to return home for refitting.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/D/DutchWar-war-of-1652-54.html (437 words)

	EZGeography - Cornelis Tromp
		Cornelis Tromp (September 9 1629 – May 29 1691) was a Commander in chief of the Dutch navy.
		Tromp was born in Rotterdam, the son of Admiral Maarten Tromp and Dignom Cornelis de Haes.
		He served in the First Anglo-Dutch War, being promoted to Admiral after the death of Johan van Galen in the Battle of Leghorn.
	www.ezgeography.com /encyclopedia/Cornelis_Tromp (141 words)

	Tromp, Cornelis on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In 1665 he was made commander of the Dutch fleet, but he was replaced by M. de Ruyter in the same year.
		In June, 1666, he commanded the rear squadron of the fleet in the Four Days battle or battle of the Downs, but in Aug., 1666, he lost his command because of de Ruyter's complaints.
		Tromp was reinstated in 1672; in operations against Sweden he was successful at Gotland and Rügen (1676).
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/T/Tromp-C1o.asp (159 words)

	FIRST ANGLO-DUTCH WAR 1652 - 1654 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In the second major encounter of the War, Admiral Maarten Tromp was recalled to command the Dutch Fleet.
		On July 24 Admiral Maarten Tromp’s fleet of 100 ships left its base on the Maas River for the island of Texel, where an English presence offshore had imprisoned a smaller squadron of 37 ships (including ten Fireships) under Admiral Witte de Witt.
		The Dutch suffered a major setback during the first stages of the battle when Tromp was killed by a musket ball as his flagship led the attack on the English Fleet.
	website.lineone.net /~cherbil/Chron/1stadw.htm (2134 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Maarten Harpertszoon Tromp, 1597–1653, after an engraving by Jan Lievensz.
		In 1639, as the Dutch struggle for independence from Spain, as an admiral, Tromp defeated a large Spanish invasion fleet bound for Flanders towards the end of the Eighty Years' War at the Battle of the Downs.
		In the First Anglo-Dutch War of 1652–1653 Tromp commanded the Dutch fleet in the battles of Portland, the Gabbard and Scheveningen, in which he was killed by a sharpshooter in the rigging of William Penn's ship.
	snetinformation.info /index.php?title=Maarten_Tromp (215 words)

	- Chapter 18
		Tromp looked around quickly, but no one else was in earshot, and de With smiled thinly at him.
		Tromp had never personally met any of the Americans, but he'd spoken to those who had, and even the most jaded of them had spoken glowingly of the beauty and brilliance of the Jewess who represented them.
		Tromp himself was unconcerned by her origins or religious beliefs, but his awareness of how the multitude of threats her new country faced must shape her message was something else.
	www.charleshbaker.com /weber/1633/0743435427__18.htm (3497 words)

	Battle of Scheveningen @ FootballLiving.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		On 3 August, Dutch Admiral Maarten Tromp put to sea in the Brederode with a fleet of 100 ships to lift the blockade at the island of Texel where Admiral Witte de With's 27 ships were trapped by the English.
		Tromp was killed early in the battle by a sharpshooter in the rigging of William Penn's ship.
		His death was kept secret in an attempt to keep up the morale of the Dutch, but by the late afternoon 12 ships had either been sunk or captured and the Dutch were forced to retreat to the Texel.
	www.footballliving.com /moreinfo/Battle_of_Scheveningen (308 words)

	Battle of Portland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		On 28 February 1653, the fleet of the Commonwealth of England under General at Sea Robert Blake attacked the fleet of the United Provinces under Admiral Maarten Tromp as he escorted merchantmen through the English Channel.
		Tromp lost fifty merchant vessels and twelve warships, but escaped through good manoeuvering.
		The third day of fighting, off Beachy Head on 2 March 1653, is known as the Battle of Beachy Head.
	www.kernersville.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Battle_of_Portland (163 words)

	Maarten_Tromp (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		His acting flagcaptain Egbert Bartholomeusz Kortenaer kept up morale by not lowering Tromp's standard, pretending the commander of the fleet was still alive.
		During his career, his main rival was Vice-Admiral Witte de With, who also served the Admiralty of Rotterdam (the Maas).
		One of Tromp's sons, Cornelis Tromp later also became commander of the Dutch navy, as Lieutenant-Admiral-General, and even earlier commanded the Danish navy.
	www.usedaudiparts.com /search.php?title=Maarten_Tromp (336 words)

	Additional Reading (from Tromp, Maarten) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		M.G. de Boer, Tromp en de Duinkerkers (1949); C.R. Boxer (ed.), The Journal of Maarten Harpertszoon Tromp Anno 1639 (1930), a translation of the original manuscript with introduction; “M.H. Tromp, 1598–1653,” The Mariner's Mirror, 40:33–54 (1954), an excellent survey of Tromp's life with useful bibliography; F. Graete, De kapiteinsjaren van Maerten Harpertszoon Tromp.
		Bewerkt door M. Simon Thomas (1938), treats the period of Tromp's life from 1624 until 1634; J.K. Oudendijk, Maerten Harpertszoon Tromp, 2nd ed.
		More results on "Additional Reading (from Tromp, Maarten)" when you join.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-7376?tocId=7376 (821 words)

	Cornelis Tromp - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Cornelis Tromp (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Cornelis Tromp - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Cornelis Tromp.
		Here you will find more informations about Cornelis Tromp.
		After a failure at Nieuwpoort in August 1666 he was dismissed, but returned in 1672 to fight against the French and English navies in the Third Anglo-Dutch War where he fought in all three fleet actions under Admiral Michiel de Ruyter, distinguishing himself in the Battle of Texel in 1673.
	www.encyclopedia-glossary.com /en/Cornelis-Tromp.html (205 words)

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