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Topic: Macarthur, Leyte

	Douglas MacArthur (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		MacArthur was assigned to general staff duty with the War Department and was an official observer with the Vera Cruz Expedition.
		MacArthur was named Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (SCAP) and he received the formal surrender and President Harry S. Truman appointed him as head of the Allied occupation of Japan.
		General MacArthur's invasion forces have established three firm beachheads on the east coast of the island of Leyte, in the Central Philippines, and last night were reported to be pushing inland against stiffening Japanese resistance.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /USAmacarthur.htm (5824 words)

	Battle of Leyte - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Battle of Leyte in the Pacific campaign of World War II was the invasion and conquest of Leyte in the Philippines by Allied forces under the command of General Douglas MacArthur between October 20 and December 31, 1944.
		MacArthur expected the battle to be a prelude to a main engagement on Luzon, but the Japanese commander Tomoyuki Yamashita saw the landings on Leyte as an opportunity to fight a decisive battle.
		The first American plans for the invasion of the Philippines was for a simultaneous landing on Leyte and Mindanao to the south but lack of landing craft and shipping meant that the plan had to be scaled back.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Leyte (491 words)

	The Story
		At this meeting, MacArthur was at his best when he persuaded Roosevelt that to bypass the Philippines would support claims by Japanese propaganda that the Americans would never risk the Caucasian lives to liberate people of color.
		MacArthur was able to convince the President that if he decided to bypass the Philippines, the American people might rise up against him and defeat him in the November, 1944 elections for not keeping a promise made in his name.
		Thus the die was cast as Sprague, MacArthur, and Halsey would be pulled together by the currents of history into those treacherous waters around the Philippine Islands for the greatest naval battle ever fought.
	www.battle-of-leyte-gulf.com /blg_synopsis/blg_synopsis.html (1099 words)

	Glorious Death: The Battle of Leyte Gulf, October 23rd -- 25th, 1944 by Tim Lanzendörfer
		The four-day battle of Leyte Gulf in October 1944 marked the eclipse of Imperial Japanese naval power, the last sortie in force of the Imperial Navy, and the largest naval battle ever fought on the face of the earth.
		While MacArthur’s 7th Fleet in Manus and Hollandia harbors was getting ready for sortie to Leyte (a long voyage given the slow speed of the prime mover, the LST), Admiral Halsey took Task Force 38 out of Ulithi on October 4th, 17 carriers and about seventy escort vessels from battleships to destroyers.
		And though the battle of Leyte Gulf ended on a sour note for the U.S., the fact remained that on the evening of October 26th, 1944, there remained no Navy on any of the planet’s seven seas that would be capable of challenging Allied naval dominance.
	www.microworks.net /pacific/battles/leyte_gulf.htm (6554 words)

	MilitaryHistoryOnline.com - Battle of Leyte Gulf Revisited
		Since the purpose of the Battle for/of Leyte Gulf was to secure the Gulf area, any fair-minded assessment has to include the contributions of Army land forces—particularly the 77th Division, destroyer squadrons that raided enemy re-supply bases on the island, and Marine Fighter-Bomber groups that dealt heavy blows to Japanese shipping.
		MacArthur was right in establishing December 21 as the end of the battle.
		Leyte Gulf at the end of the Battle for Leyte Gulf, 25 October 1944.
	www.militaryhistoryonline.com /wwii/articles/leytegulfrevisited.aspx (648 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Kangleon was born in Macrohon, Leyte on March 27, 1890, as one of the six children — five sons and a daughter — of Braulio Kangleon and Flora Kadaba.
		He studied up to sixth grade in Leyte and had transfer and complete his elementary education in Surigao, because he refused to submit to what he considered was the over-bearing and oppressive conduct of some school authorities.
		MacArthur personally pinned on Kangleon the Distinguished Service Cross of the United States of America, a decoration awarded for extraordinary heroism in combat witnessed by Philippine Commonwealth president Sergio Osmeña as well as commanders of the Army, Navy, and Air Force, and even US Armed Forces at the Leyte provincial capitol building.
	www.dnd.gov.ph /DNDWEBPAGE_files/snds/kangleon.html (2501 words)

	GEN. DOUGLAS MACARTHUR RETURNS TO LEYTE, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, 20 OCTOBER 1944
		On 7 December 1941 the attack on Pearl Harbor was accompanied by attacks on all American bases in the Pacific including Gen. Douglas MacArthur's forces in the Philippines.
		His final words to them, and to all the Philippine patriots, were: "I shall return!" The entire American campaign in the Pacific Theatre of Operations was dedicated to making good on that promise and then extending the victories to the ultimate unconditional surrender of the Japanese.
		It is rumored that MacArthur was so pleased with the photo that he reenacted the event to try to improve it.
	www.olive-drab.com /gallery/description.php?II=81 (513 words)

	Leyte
		MacArthur's staff estimated Japanese combat strength on Mindanao to be 50,000 with another 50,000 in the Visayas, the central Philippine Islands which included Leyte.
		Preliminary operations for the Leyte invasion began at dawn on 17 October with minesweeping operations and the movement of the 6th Rangers toward three small islands in Leyte Gulf.
		Meanwhile, on the west side of Leyte, the XXIV Corps received welcome reinforcements on 7 December with the landing of the 77th Infantry Division, commanded by Maj. Gen.
	www.army.mil /cmh-pg/brochures/leyte/leyte.htm (9348 words)

	Leyte Landing lessons still unlearned (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		But the relevant lessons of the Leyte event may once more be missed -- the mistake of honoring the foreign "liberators" and their chosen Filipino buddies, but ignoring the valiant local guerrillas who made the Leyte Landing possible with less cost in American lives.
		General MacArthur's landing in Leyte fulfilled his famous "I shall return" promise to the Filipinos after he escaped from Corregidor to Australia in 1942.
		His arrival was followed by the Battle for Leyte Gulf, and the decisive victory of the Allied Forces here was the turning point of the war in the Pacific.
	www.geocities.com /rolborr/unlearned.html (776 words)

	Macario Peralta, Hero of the Phillippines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Leyte is an area in the southern-most parts of the Visayan islands.
		Leyte was the optimal choice for the Americans for the following reasons.
		What then ensued was the largest Naval battle in history, Leyte Gulf, around which the final outcome of the entire Pacific War revolved.
	museeks.com /Peralta (1902 words)

	Battle of Leyte - Metaweb (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The World War II Battle of Leyte involved the reconquest of Leyte by American and Allied forces under the command of General Douglas MacArthur between October 20 and December 10, 1944.
		The Japanese plan was to lure the Third Fleet away to the North using an apparently vulnerable force of aircraft carriers, and then to attack the landing forces with two attack forces sailing from the West.
		Having defended the landing force against the air and naval challenge, the way was opened for the reconquest of Leyte by the land forces under the command of General Douglas MacArthur, in the Battle of Leyte.
	www.metaweb.com /wiki/wiki.phtml?title=Leyte (1804 words)

	Luzon
		Even MacArthur later wrote that "of all the faulty decisions of the war, perhaps the most unexplainable one was the failure to unify the command in the Pacific, [which]...resulted in divided effort; the waste, diffusion, and duplication of force; and the consequent extension of the war with added casualties and cost."
		MacArthur, on the other hand, argued that the Formosa route was militarily "unsound" and that the Philippine Islands provided a more sensible staging area for the final assault against the Japanese home islands.
		MacArthur assigned the seizure of Mindoro to Lt. Gen.
	www.army.mil /cmh-pg/brochures/luzon/72-28.htm (8421 words)

	The Men of "MacArthur's Navy"
		It is ironic, therefore, that during the battle of Leyte Gulf the Gambier Bay was sunk by the very naval gunfire it was supposed to be replacing.
		Silhouetted against the dawn as the Central Japanese Force steamed through San Bernardino Strait towards Leyte Gulf, Task Unit 77.4.3 was suddenly taken under attack by hostile cruisers on its port hand, destroyers on the starboard and battleships from the rear.
		This valiant ship and her heroic crew will always be remembered and the MacArthur Memorial is honored to display a model of the ship in our World War II galleries.
	sites.communitylink.org /mac/MacArthursNavy.html (1348 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Off the eastern coast of Leyte, in the central Philippines, were over 700 Allied ships carrying 174,000 soldiers of the U.S. 6th Army.
		MacArthur's Return recreates in four scenarios & a campaign game the 1944-45 operations fought on the island of Leyte.
		Included are rules for Japanese parachute drops, additional American & Japanese amphibious landings, variable reinforcements & amphibious tanks.
	www.avalanchepress.com /gameMAC.html (128 words)

	yehey! News
		OCTOBER 20 marks the 60th year since General Douglas MacArthur made good on his promise to return to the Philippines and liberate the Filipinos from oppressive Japanese rule.
		A garden, dubbed the 50th Leyte Landing Anniversary Commemorative Rock Garden of Peace, was built at the park to mark this milestone.
		MacArthurâs âentourageâ also included Broadway composer Irving Berlin, the man who wrote âPuttinâ on the Ritz.â They didnât include a statue of Berlin at the park but according to Tacloban native Imelda Romualdez, MacArthur introduced Berlin to her and wrote a song about the Philippines on the spot.
	www.yehey.com /news/print.aspx?a=75284 (599 words)

	WWII VETS COMMEMORATE MACARTHUR'S LEYTE LANDING
		Largely forgotten in the annals of popular military history, the Leyte landings that began on Oct. 20, 1944 saw around 160,000 US-led troops storm beaches along the Leyte Gulf in the eastern corner of the Philippines.
		With those words MacArthur fulfilled a promise he made almost two-and-a-half years earlier as he retreated from the Philippines leaving Gen. Jonathan Wainwright to surrender the country and the US Armed Forces in the Far East to the Japanese.
		The invasion force of the Seventh Fleet or "MacArthur’s Navy" as it was affectionately known, consisted of some 700 US and allied ships that would land some troops on the white sandy beaches along the Leyte Gulf.
	www.newsflash.org /2004/02/hl/hl101185.htm (843 words)

	The Philippines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The battle of Leyte Gulf was the largest naval engagement in history.
		It was now clear that the US Navy had control of the Pacific and that further Allied landings in the region were likely to be successful.
		It may indicate the first step towards the fulfillment, of General MacArthur's promise that he would return, eventually to these islands, which were overrun by the Japanese in 1942.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /2WWphilippines.htm (2589 words)

	Leyte Island
		In the Philippines the principal objective had been Luzon since it was on one of the corners of the so-called strategic triangle.
		Since it was presumed that the Japanese had massed their principal ground, air, and naval strength in Luzon, United States strategists had planned to gain a foothold first in southernmost Mindanao, then move to Leyte, and finally to Luzon after air supremacy had been gained over that area.
		Strategically the plan was brilliant, because it would force the Japanese to split their forces in the Philippines and practically force the Japanese Combined Fleet to come out in the open to meet the threat.
	www.worldwar2history.info /Leyte (465 words)

	GMA'S LEYTE CALL: ECONOMIC FREEDOM
		With her to mark the anniversary of the Leyte Gulf landing were surviving Filipino, American and Australian veterans who fought to liberate the Philippines from the Japanese Imperial Army.
		The Leyte landing allowed MacArthur to fulfill his famed vow "I shall return," made when American troops were forced to withdraw to Australia in 1942, when the archipelago fell to the Japanese Imperial Army.
		From Leyte, the Americans went on to invade the main Philippine island of Luzon and liberate Manila in February 1945.
	www.newsflash.org /2004/02/hl/hl101186.htm (1029 words)

	Ahoy - Mac's Web Log-The Battle of Leyte Gulf. 23 - 26 October 1944- (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Nimitz now strongly argued to by pass the Philippines and attack Formosa, once acquired, this base would allow the Japanese mainland to be bombed, and the supply line between the East Indies and Japan harried, to quench the flow of oil and essential supplies needed to prosecute their war.
		Suprisingly no overall Naval Commander was appointed for this campaign, as Kinkaid reported to MacArthur's Southwest Pacific Command, this split of the Naval Command led to much confusion in the forthcoming engagements, and very nearly led to a total strategic disaster for the Allied forces.
		In addition, to the east of Leyte were a number of Destroyer Squadrons on patrol, Desron 54 with 5 DD's, Desron 24 with 6 DD's, including HMAS Arunta, Des Div Xray with 5 DD's, Desron 56, 9 DD's, plus a final 3 Destroyers.
	www.ahoy.tk-jk.net /macslog/BattleofLeyteGulf.23-26Oc.html (4782 words)

	LEYTE WARTIME TALES REFUSE TO DIE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Leyte was the site of one, if not the biggest aerial, sea and land battles during the Second World War.
		In fact, it is said that the guerrillas in Leyte paved the way for the return of General MacArthur to fulfill his "I Shall Return" promise.
		One of Kangleon's field commanders was Maj. Alejandro Balderian, a native of Dagami, Leyte and a law graduate of the University of Manila, who headed the guerrilla group in northern Leyte.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/771675/posts (3047 words)

	general douglas macarthur speech (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		General Douglas MacArthur's Farewell Speech, presented in The National Center for Public Policy Research's Archive of Historical Documents...
		General Douglas MacArthur's Farewell Speech Delivered to the Corps of Cadets at West Point May 12, 1962...
		General Douglas MacArthur's speech before the joint session of Congress on April 19, 1951, after his abrupt dismissal as Commander in...
	general.bargain1.info /general-douglas-macarthur-speech (565 words)

	Leyte Gulf (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		This timeline of the Battle of Leyte Gulf is based on the Naval Chronology 1944 of Byrd archive with additions from the book Fast Carriers: The Forging of an Air Navy, by Clark G Reynolds, 1968.
		Battle for Leyte Gulf (13-16 October) opens as United States submarines off Palawan Island sight and attack the Center Force of three Japanese naval groups moving on Leyte in a major effort to drive United States forces from the Philippines.
		Leyte Gulf was the largest naval battle ever to take place.
	history.acusd.edu /gen/WW2Timeline/LUTZ/leyte.html (1899 words)

	PBS VIDEOdatabase of America's History and Culture -- Chapter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		MacArthur continues to fight for troops and supplies from Washington, which continues to favor the Navy with its limited resources.
		MacArthur considers a run for president in 1944, but that rash move ends when he make remarks that appear disloyal to his commander-in-chief, FDR.
		In June 1944, MacArthur has a three-day meeting with FDR in Hawaii.
	pbsvideodb.pbs.org /programs/chapter.asp?item_id=4261&chap_id=2 (65 words)

	MACARTHUR'S FAMOUS LANDING RE-ENACTED WITHOUT A MISSTEP
		The landing of the general and 203,000 men on the Philippine island of Leyte on Oct. 20, 1944, marked the beginning of the liberation of the Philippines and the beginning of the end for Japan as a war power.
		She met the Norfolk MacArthur and was photographed with him, as were men who fought with him and hundreds of others, mostly Filipino.
		The commemorative re-enactment was presented by the MacArthur Memorial Foundation and the city of Norfolk, where the general is buried.
	scholar.lib.vt.edu /VA-news/VA-Pilot/issues/1994/vp941023/10240223.htm (1023 words)

	Tacloban City Philippines Province of Leyte Website (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Built in 1907, it is the seat of the provincial government of Leyte.
		It offers a panoramic view of Leyte Gulf and surrounding coastal towns; a landscaped garden with tropical flowers and shrubs; benches, concrete tables with canopy; restroom, open-air stage where memorial programs are held.
		Cabalawan, Tacloban City, between the islands of Leyte and Samar - the south entrance at Tacloban and the north entrance at Babatngon.
	www.freepgs.com /tacloban/taclink5.html (1838 words)

	MacArthur Park And Beach Resort (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		An exciting race of one-man native sailboats with outriggers locally called "subiran" along scenic and historic Leyte Gulf.
		The race is done without using a paddle but only skills and techniques to maneuver the sail.
		A commemorative program which marks the anniversary of the October 20, 1944 landing on Leyte of the Allied Forces of Liberation.
	www.philtourism.com /mpbr_fest.html (177 words)

	October 19 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Arriving in Leyte from Bacolod after attending the Maskara Festival, the President is set to lead the flag-raising and wreath-laying ceremonies at the MacArthur Memorial National Park in the morning.
		To commemorate the historic event during its golden jubilee in 1994, the famous beachhead was turned into MacArthur Landing Memorial Park, marked by larger than life statues wading in the middle of a pond.
		According to history, other participants in the Leyte landing were the US Fifth Air Force and the so-called "MarArthur’s Navy," the US Seventh Fleet under Vice Admiral Thomas C. Kinkaid, which was composed of small escort carriers and slow, old battleships.
	www.news.ops.gov.ph /archives2004/oct19.htm (1617 words)

	US People--MacArthur, Douglas -- In the Philippines, October 1944 - August 1945
		General Douglas MacArthur (right, seen in profile) on the bridge of USS Nashville (CL-43), off Leyte during the landings there in late October 1944.
		General Douglas MacArthur (center), accompanied by Lieutenant Generals George C. Kenney and Richard K. Sutherland and Major General Verne D. Mudge (Commanding General, First Cavalry Division), inspecting the beachhead on Leyte Island, 20 October 1944.
		General Douglas MacArthur at the microphone during ceremonies marking the liberation of Leyte, at Tacloban, 23 October 1944.
	www.history.navy.mil /photos/pers-us/uspers-m/macart-g.htm (699 words)

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