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Topic: MacGuffin (cipher)

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	Concepts of Cryptography
		Cryptography, simply defined, is the art of combining some input data, called the plaintext, with a user-specified password to generate an encrypted output, called ciphertext, in such a way that, given the ciphertext, it is extremely difficult to recover the original plaintext without the encryption password in a reasonable amount of time.
		Various ciphers are documented in the Algorithms section.
		MacGuffin (described in the Algorithms section) is an example of a GUFN cipher.
	kremlinencrypt.com /concepts.htm (752 words)

	Block cipher - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In cryptography, a block cipher is a symmetric key cipher which operates on fixed-length groups of bits, termed blocks, with an unvarying transformation.
		Block ciphers can be contrasted with stream ciphers; a stream cipher operates on individual digits one at a time, and the transformation varies during the encryption.
		The distinction between the two types is not always clear-cut: a block cipher, when used in certain modes of operation, acts effectively as a stream cipher.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Block_cipher (1017 words)

	MacGuffin (cipher) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It was intended as a catalyst for analysis of a new cipher structure, known as Generalized Unbalanced Feistel Networks (GUFNs) — "MacGuffin" refers to a plot device that holds no meaning or purpose of its own except to motivate the characters and advance the story.
		Schneier and Blaze based MacGuffin on DES, their main change being that the data block is not split into equal halves in the Feistel network.
		MacGuffin's key schedule is a modified version of the encryption algorithm itself.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/MacGuffin_(cipher) (501 words)

	Cipher - The real meaning from Timesharetalk wikipedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Historical pen and paper ciphers used in the past are sometimes known as classical ciphers.
		Simple ciphers were replaced by polyalphabetic substitution ciphers which changed the substitution alphabet for every letter.
		Symmetric key ciphers can be distinguished into two types, depending on whether they work on blocks of symbols of fixed size (block ciphers), or on a continuous stream of symbols (stream ciphers).
	www.timesharetalk.co.uk /wiki.asp?k=Cipher (1145 words)

	Iraqi block cipher Information
		In cryptography, the Iraqi block cipher was a block cipher published in C source code form by anonymous FTP upload around July 1999, and widely distributed on Usenet.
		It is a five round unbalanced Feistel cipher operating on a 256 bit block with a 160 bit key.
		Because it has a constant key schedule the cipher is vulnerable to a slide attack.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Iraqi_block_cipher (160 words)

	Concepts of Cryptography
		Although these questions are the essence of cryptography, their answers are relatively simple: if there is no other way to "break" the algorithm (recover the plaintext or key given some ciphertext) other than searching through every possible key, then the algorithm is secure.
		Stream ciphers can be thought of as seeded random number generators (with the seed being the key), with the random numbers being combined with the plaintext to generate ciphertext.
		Using the Feistel network gives the cipher two very desirable properties: decryption using the same f function (even if it is non-invertible) and the ability to iterate the function multiple times.
	www.baltsoft.com /files/ee/Concepts_of_Cryptography.htm (702 words)

	ooBdoo
		The development of RC2 was sponsored by Lotus, who were seeking a custom cipher that, after evaluation by the NSA, could be exported as part of their Lotus Notes software.
		After further negotiations, the cipher was approved for export in 1989.
		RC2 is a 64-bit block cipher with a variable size key.
	www.oobdoo.com /wikipedia/?title=RC2 (351 words)

	3-Way - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		In cryptography, 3-Way is a block cipher designed in 1994 by Joan Daemen, who also (with Vincent Rijmen) designed Rijndael, the winner of NIST's Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) contest.
		The figure 96 arises from the use of three 32 bit words in the algorithm, from which also is derived the cipher's name.
		When 3-Way was invented, 96-bit keys and blocks were quite strong, but more recent ciphers have a 128-bit block, and few now have keys shorter than 128 bits.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/3-Way (229 words)

	The MacGuffin Block Cipher Algorithm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		It is based on a Feistel network, in which the cleartext is split into two sides with one side repeatedly modified according to a keyed function of the other.
		MacGuffin is unusual in that it is based on a generalized unbalanced Feistel network (GUFN) in which each round of the cipher modifies only 16 bits according to a function of the other 48.
		We describe the general characteristics of MacGuffin architecture and implementation and give a complete specification for the 32-round, 128-bit key version of the cipher.
	www.schneier.com /paper-macguffin.html (173 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In cryptography, a block cipher operates on blocks of fixed length, often 64 or 128 bits.
		Because a block cipher works on units of a fixed size, but messages come in a variety of lengths, some modes (mainly CBC) require that the final block be padded before encryption.
		This characteristic of stream ciphers makes them suitable for applications that require the encrypted ciphertext data to be the same size as the original plaintext data, and for applications that transmit data in streaming form where it is inconvenient to add padding bytes.
	www.hostingciamca.com /index.php?title=Block_cipher_modes_of_operation (1758 words)

	DEAL - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		In cryptography, DEAL (Data Encryption Algorithm with Larger blocks) is a block cipher derived from the Data Encryption Standard (DES).
		The design was proposed in a report by Lars Knudsen in 1998, and was submitted to the AES contest by Richard Outerbridge (who notes that Knudsen had presented the design at the SAC conference in 1997).
		For key sizes of 128 and 192 bits, the cipher uses 6 rounds, increasing to 8 for the 256-bits size.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/DEAL (189 words)

	Feistel cipher (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In cryptography, a Feistel cipher is a block cipher with a particular structure, named after IBM cryptographer Horst Feistel; it is also commonly known as a Feistel network.
		Many modern symmetric block ciphers are based on Feistel networks, and the structure and properties of Feistel ciphers have been extensively explored by cryptographers.
		used as the seed, then 3 rounds is sufficient to make the block cipher a pseudorandom permutation, while 4 rounds is sufficient to make it a "strong" pseudorandom permutation (which means that it remains pseduorandom even to an adversary who gets oracle access to its inverse permutation).
	www.tocatch.info /en/Feistel_network.htm (593 words)

	RC2
		The development of RC2 was sponsored by Lotus, who were seeking a custom cipher that, after evaluation by the NSA, could be exported as part of their Lotus Notes software.
		After further negotiations, the cipher was approved for export in 1989.
		RC2 is a 64-bit block cipher with a variable size key.
	www.starrepublic.org /encyclopedia/wikipedia/r/rc/rc2.html (310 words)

	MacGuffin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In Quentin Tarantino's Pulp Fiction (1994), the tantalizing golden glow emanating from the briefcase retrieved for Marsellus Wallace by Jules and Vincent (Jackson and Travolta) indicates a definitive MacGuffin.
		The wristwatch left to Butch by his late father is another: it is the retrieval of the briefcase and the wristwatch that drives the plot, but neither item impinges on the plotline at all in any other way than that they are objects of desire and pursuit for the cast of characters.
		A Macguffin is a distraction, a mechanism to provoke the story the filmmaker wants to tell; here they play a vital role.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/MacGuffin (2400 words)

	The Security of MacGuffin (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Next, a comparison of the resistance of MacGuffin and DES against several elementary attacks is presented.
		MacGuffin's strength against differential cryptanalysis is investigated, and a differential attack requiring 2 51:5 chosen plaintexts is described.
		MacGuffin is shown to be weaker than DES...
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /97016.html (657 words)

	: Class Cipher
		This class provides the functionality for a wide range of historical ciphers that can be used for encryption and decryption.
		Details on creating an algorithm-dependent key for the cipher are described in the documentation of HistoricalSecretKey class.
		It is passed an instance of the engine that provides an implementation of the desired cipher algorithm.
	starbase.trincoll.edu /~crypto/hcryptoj/docs1.2/hcrypto/cipher/Cipher.html (606 words)

	CMEA_(cipher) - The real meaning from Timesharetalk wikipedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		CMEA is one of four cryptographic primitives specified in a Telecommuncations Industry Association (TIA) standard, and is designed to encrypt the control channel, rather than the voice data.
		Some accusations were made that the NSA had pressured the original designers into crippling CMEA, but the NSA has denied any role in the design or selection of the algorithm.
		The ECMEA and SCEMA ciphers are derived from CMEA.
	www.timesharetalk.co.uk /wiki.asp?k=CMEA_(cipher) (174 words)

	The Britannica Stream Cipher (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This cipher differs from the usual stream cipher in the open literature in that the data are not merely combined with an RNG keystream, but are themselves operated on by shift register techniques.
		It is possible to have large block ciphers (e.g., Mixing Ciphers) with a block size sufficient to generally avoid the ECB problem, although they still have the usual problem with wasted space in the last block with variable-size messages.
		Good stream ciphers aren't normally additive-key systems; the stock example is a feedback shift register, where plaintext feeds one end and ciphertext is produced at the other end.
	www.ciphersbyritter.com /NEWS5/BRITSTRM.HTM (7206 words)

	[No title]
		Like any good MacGuffin, Rabbit Foot is the thing that drives the mechanics of this film — in MI3’s case it’s a device (biohazardous, it seems) that evil arms merchant Philip Seymour Hoffman wants, and he’ll kill Tom Cruise’s new wife if he doesn’t get it.
		It’s OK to not really care about the MacGuffin, but you should be somewhat invested in the characters.
		In his hands this is a challenge, not an obstacle, though — he imbues the character with deep, sociopathic menace that isn’t aping any of the other great cinematic villains of history.
	chud.com /reviews/6588/print (1025 words)

	Advanced Encryption Standard
		In cryptography, the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), also known as Rijndael, is a block cipher adopted as an encryption standard by the US government, and is expected to be used worldwide and analysed extensively, as was the case with its predecessor, the Data Encryption Standard (DES).
		The cipher was developed by two Belgian cryptographers, Joan Daemen and Vincent Rijmen, and submitted to the AES selection process under the name "Rijndael", a portmanteau comprised of the names of the inventors.
		The most common way to attack block ciphers is to try various attacks on versions of the cipher with a reduced number of rounds.
	www.askfactmaster.com /AES (1255 words)

	Ciphers Algorithms Cryptography Communication Theory Applications Math Science
		Ceelox and Symwave Announce Strategic PartnershipBusiness Wire (press release), CA - Feb 27, 2007Users may select from industry-standard ciphers for file encryption; the encryption algorithms use a key attached to the user, requiring the user?s...
		Like many new stream ciphers, it has two parts to its state, one part updated linearly and one part updated non-linearly.
		CS2 is based on the CS cipher developed by Serge Vaudenay and takes advantage of work St Denis has done on the pseudo-Hadamard transform.
	www.iaswww.com /ODP/Science/Math/Applications/Communication_Theory/Cryptography/Algorithms/Ciphers (798 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Designed and published in 1996, the LeapFrog cipher design is for implementations that require a cipher which does not use any shifts/rotates.
		The cipher is implemented with a Feistel-like structure.
		Also, the cipher uses distinct S-boxes for each half of the Feistel network, and halves are not actually swapped.
	b.1asphost.com /vbcrat/snippets/ID=1192.htm (692 words)

	Shared-key - CryptoDox (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		As of 2006, all published cryptographic systems use a shared key at some point; techniques such as quantum cryptography and Public-key Cryptography are techniques for getting that key to the right people, and only the right people, when they don't already know an appropriate secret.
		If a cryptanalyst figures out that a in plaintext is encrypted to c in the ciphertext, an a in the ciphertext could be decrypted to any other letter in the plaintext.
		Stream ciphers encrypt the bits of the message one at a time, and block ciphers take a number of bits and encrypt them as a single unit.
	cryptodox.com /Private-key_Cryptography (606 words)

	MacGuffin@Everything2.com
		The name of the cipher comes from the acronym of the class of ciphers to which it belongs, i.e.
		Vincent Rijmen (of AES/Rijndael fame) and Bart Preneel performed a cryptanalysis of MacGuffin and showed that it was quite vulnerable to differential cryptanalysis and linear cryptanalysis, but also showed it could be significantly strengthened by making only a few minor changes in its use of S-boxes.
		It was never intended to be a cipher for wide practical use, as Schneier and Blaze state in their paper: "As its name suggests, MacGuffin is intended primarily as a catalyst for discussion and analysis," as the cipher incorporated a new and as yet untried method in cipher design.
	www.everything2.com /?node=macguffin (309 words)

	sci.crypt: Re: Schneier's "Helix" cipher is remarkably similar to the "generic feistel cipher" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Re: Schneier's "Helix" cipher is remarkably similar to the "generic feistel cipher"
		In reply to: Bryan Olson: "Re: Schneier's "Helix" cipher is remarkably similar to the "generic feistel cipher""
		Reply: r.e.s.: "Re: Schneier's "Helix" cipher is remarkably similar to the "generic feistel cipher""
	www.derkeiler.com /Newsgroups/sci.crypt/2003-10/2581.html (556 words)

	kedi tasmasi » film: culdesac & keditorr! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		macguffine bir örnek olarak, notorious‘daki şarap şişelerinin içine saklanmış “uranyum” gösterilebilir.
		“macguffin, bir trende yolculuk eden iki adam hakkındaki bir hikayeden alınmış bir iskoç adı olabilir.
		şeyyy, hiiiç… macguffin bir şey değildir” diye cevap verebilir ya da zizek’den esinlenip, “benim hayatımın macguffini sevgilimdir.
	www.keditasmasi.com /cul/category/film (598 words)

	View Code Snippet
		This cipher is unpatented and free to use in your own programs.
		Also, the cipher uses distinct S-boxes for each half of the Feistel network, and halves are not actually swapped.
		How the LeapFrog2 cipher differs from the LeapFrog cipher: 1) Instead of simple whitening Xors LeapFrog2 uses pseudo-random round keys like Blowfish, etc. 2) The structural symmetry is broken up by using a different ordering in rounds 0-3 and rounds 4-7.
	www.vbcode.com /asp/showsn.asp?theID=1192 (717 words)

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