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Topic: Mach (speed)

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	Mach number - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mach number (Ma) (pronounced: [mæk], [mɑːk]) is defined as a ratio of the speed of an object or flow relative to the speed of sound in the medium through which it is travelling:
		The Mach number is commonly used both with objects travelling at high speed in a fluid, and with high-speed fluid flows inside channels such as nozzles, diffusers or wind tunnels.
		At a temperature of 15 degrees Celsius, Mach 1 is 340.3 m.s
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mach_number (892 words)

	Ernst Mach - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ernst Mach (February 18, 1838 – February 19, 1916) was an Austrian-Czech physicist and philosopher and is the namesake for the "Mach number" (aka Mach speed) and the optical illusion known as Mach bands.
		Mach returned to the University of Vienna as professor of inductive philosophy in 1895, but he suffered a stroke two years later and retired from active research in 1901, when he was appointed to the Austrian parliament.
		Mach's paper on this subject was published in 1877 and correctly describes the sound effects observed during the supersonic motion of a projectile.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ernst_Mach (786 words)

	Mach Number (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The ratio of the speed of the rocket, or the speed of the nozzle flow, to the speed of sound in the gas determines the magnitude of many of the compressibility effects.
		As the speed of the rocket approaches the speed of sound, the flight Mach number is nearly equal to one, M = 1, and the flow is said to be transonic.
		The Mach number depends on the speed of sound in the gas and the speed of sound depends on the type of gas and the temperature of the gas.
	exploration.grc.nasa.gov /education/rocket/mach.html (846 words)

	Mach Number (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Near and beyond the speed of sound, about 330 m/s or 760 mph at sea level, small disturbances in the flow are transmitted to other locations isentropically or with constant entropy.
		The ratio of the speed of the aircraft to the speed of sound in the gas determines the magnitude of many of the compressibility effects.
		As the speed of the object approaches the speed of sound, the flight Mach number is nearly equal to one, M = 1, and the flow is said to be transonic.
	www.grc.nasa.gov /WWW/K-12/airplane/mach.html (826 words)

	Speed of Sound
		Because the speed of transmission depends on molecular collisions, the speed of sound depends on the state of the gas.
		The speed of sound is a constant within a given gas and the value of the constant depends on the type of gas (air, pure oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc.) and the temperature of the gas.
		An analysis based on conservation of mass and momentum shows that the speed of sound a is equal to the square root of the ratio of specific heats g times the gas constant R times the temperature T.
	zeta.lerc.nasa.gov /education/rocket/sound.html (572 words)

	Dictionary : Speed_of_Sound_and_Mach_Numbers
		The Mach number (M) refers to the method of measuring airspeed that was developed by the Austrian physicist Ernst Mach.
		Because the speed of sound varies, a particular speed at sea level expressed as a Mach number would be faster than the same speed at 30,000 feet (9,144 meters), which would be faster than the same speed at 40,000 feet (12,192 meters).
		In other words, Mach 2 at sea level is a greater number of miles per hour (or kilometers per hour) than Mach 2 at 30,000 feet, which is a greater number of miles per hour than Mach 2 at 40,000 feet.
	www.centennialofflight.gov /essay/Dictionary/sound_barrier/DI94.htm (315 words)

	Mach's Principle
		Ernst Mach is the physicist famous for his work in supersonics, and from whom the idea of a mach-number was derived (mach 1 being the speed of sound, mach 2, twice the speed of sound, and so forth).
		Mach’s Principle, in effect saying that the inertial forces correspond to the universal gravitational radiation field and are proportional to the inverse first power of the distance.
		But the theory also included the existence of electromagnetic waves, where the speed of propagation of disturbances in the electromagnetic field in a vacuum was this same constant.
	www.halexandria.org /dward146.htm (887 words)

	Mach Speed Technologies - The only motherboard with a Lifetime Warranty! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Mach Speed Technologies is one of the only American owned and operated motherboard manufacturers.
		Mach Speed Technologies is so confident in the quality of its motherboards that it allows all end users to upgrade to a lifetime warranty with product registration.
		Mach Speed Technologies Inc. is strongly aware that the only way to gain the confidence of customers is to constantly challenge itself.
	www.machspeed.com /about.htm (794 words)

	Aerospaceweb.org \| Ask Us - Speed of Sound and Mach 1
		This change in speed of sound is directly related to the change in temperature as altitude increases.
		Having established that temperature changes with altitude and speed of sound is directly proportional to temperature, it is now clear that the speed of sound changes as altitude increases.
		This region of the atmosphere is marked by constant temperature, and therefore constant speed of sound.
	www.aerospaceweb.org /question/atmosphere/q0102c.shtml (625 words)

	What speed defines Mach 1? and why?
		Mach number is a common 'ratio' unit of speed when one is talking about aircrafts.
		By definition, Mach number is a ratio of the speed of a body (aircraft) to the speed of sound in the undisturbed medium through which the body is traveling.
		It is said that the aircraft is flying at Mach 1 if its speed is equal to the speed of sound in air (which is 332 m/s or 1195 km/hr or 717 miles/hour.) An aircraft flying at Mach 2 is flying at twice the speed of sound in air, etc.
	www.physlink.com /Education/AskExperts/ae58.cfm (124 words)

	Aerospaceweb.org \| Ask Us - Speed of Sound
		Now if you had asked how fast is Mach 2 in the standard atmosphere at sea level, the answer could be found by simply looking up the speed of sound at sea level in a standard atmospheric table and multiplying it by two.
		Since the speed of sound through the standard atmosphere is 761 mph (1,223 km/h) at sea level, Mach 2 then follows as 1,522 mph (2,447 km/h).
		If you were to ask how fast is Mach 2 at an altitude of 30,000 ft (9,150 m), we would use the same methodology to find out that it is only 1,356 mph (2,180 km/h) because the speed of sound generally decreases as altitude increases.
	www.aerospaceweb.org /question/atmosphere/q0059.shtml (1020 words)

	Scrambled F15’s From Otis Air Force Base: Mach 1.5 or Cruise Speed?
		The speed of sound is not a constant, but depends on the temperature and air pressure at the different altitudes.
		A plane flying Mach 1.0 at sea level is flying about 761,6 Mph, a plane flying Mach 1.0 at 30000 ft is flying 678,5 Mph, etc. [7] At an altitude of 40.000 feet, mach 1.5 still would be about 989.55 Mph.
		It seems to be a remarkable coincidence that the average speed these F15’s must have flown, calculated on basis of the timeline NORAD released, is exactly their official cruise speed.
	www.prisonplanet.tv /articles/october2004/211004scrambledf15s.htm (1003 words)

	CBUB Fights: Speed Racer's Mach 5 vs. The Batmobile
		Mach 5 is definitely going to win just because it can go much faster than the batmobile, plus the fact that speed racer races it all the time as opposed to the fact that batman never races the batmobile!!!
		Speed Racer is relatively the new kid on the block, which gives Batman the experience edge he needs to win.
		While Speed Racer easily has the racing experience on Batman (in fact, didn't he just win the Winston cup in NASCAR...oh, wait that was Jeff Gordon, I always get them mixed up), the Mach 5 simply doesn't have the technological advancements to make it the superior racecar, or not enough of them anyway.
	www.electricferret.com /fights/mach5.htm (1353 words)

	Speed Racer: Mach 5 vs. Mach 5 (Part 1) - TV.com
		Speed figgers that Inspector Detector needs him to help on an important case (not!) There's a large escort of uniformed police outside.
		Speed helped her when she had engine trouble and went to her house and visited with her and her father, Dr. Nightcall.
		With Speed along for the ride, the police converge on Dr. Nightcall's house.
	www.tv.com /speed-racer/mach-5-vs.-mach-5-part-1/episode/186570/summary.html (725 words)

	Media.Ford.com: 2003 MUSTANG MACH 1: A NEW SPEED STEED
		The Mustang Mach 1 special edition is built on the same line of the Dearborn Assembly Plant that produces coupe and convertible versions of the Mustang V-6, GT and SVT Mustang Cobra.
		The Mach 1 is the newest derivative to join Fordâs Living Legends lineup of cars, which includes Mustang, Thunderbird, the new Ford GT and the Forty-Nine concept.
		Mach 1 uses a new rear axle with a high-torque differential and a 3.55:1 axle ratio.
	media.ford.com /article_display.cfm?article_id=13571 (1506 words)

	Experimental hypersonic aircraft breaks world speed record, flies at Mach 7
		The hypersonic aircraft, a cross between a jet and a rocket, was dropped from the wing of a modified B-52 bomber, boosted by an auxiliary rocket to an altitude of nearly 100,000 feet (30,000 meters) and flew on its own power for 10 seconds, said the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
		The previous world speed record was ste by an SR-71 "Blackbird" spy plane, which flew at Mach 3.2.
		A scramjet operates by supersonic combustion of fuel in a stream of air compressed by the high forward speed of the aircraft, as opposed to a normal jet engine, in which turbine blades compress the air.
	www.spacedaily.com /2004/040328011324.cxkfl4z4.html (528 words)

	Wargames Board - Low altitude and mach speed
		My understanding was that very low flying max speed was most of the time subsonic or generally no more than around mach 1.
		As a result aircraft flying supersonic at low altitude have to use afterburner to get through the Mach Wall and keep their mach speed up.
		The F-111 can fly about 1.2 to 1.3 Mach (around 1000 nm/hr) on the deck in AB and had huge fuel tanks to keep stoking those burners.
	www.wargame.ch /topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=2459 (191 words)

	Insanely Great Mac - Computing at Mach Speed
		Mach concepts were conceived in 1975 at the University of Rochester in a modular operating system called Rochester Intelligent Gateway (RIG).
		With time Mach was successfully separated from BSD into a small, powerful, fast and efficient kernel on its own, allowing it to be the foundation for new non-BSD operating systems.
		Mach introduced some very useful features, all of which live on in Mac OS X: (1) Mach is a master of multiprocessing.
	www.insanely-great.com /features/082300.html (1699 words)

	Speed Racer: Mach 5 vs. Mach 5 (Part 2) - TV.com
		Speed and Trixie wake up in separate bedrooms in the underwater hideout.
		Speed tries to make an escape, but he's quickly captured.
		Nightcall decides to help Speed and reminds him that the nuclear bomb is heavy and will slow down the Cumulus Five.
	www.tv.com /speed-racer/mach-5-vs.-mach-5-part-2/episode/407658/summary.html (560 words)

	X-43A: Full Speed Ahead to Mach 10
		The X-43A reached its test speed of Mach 7 -- seven times the speed of sound, or about 5,000 miles per hour.
		Jacking up the speed will mean the vehicle will see higher heat loads than those observed on the Mach 7 flight on March 27.
		At Mach 10 -- or 10 times the speed of sound -- the X-43A is traveling at about two miles per second.
	www.space.com /businesstechnology/x43a_update_040715.html (1111 words)

	NOVA Online \| Faster Than Sound \| Sonic Boom \| Mach
		As you know, the speed of sound depends on factors such as the temperature and density of the medium through which it travels.
		Because of these variations, Ernst Mach (pronounced "mock") came up with a consistent way to describe the relationship between an object's speed and the speed of sound.
		At Mach 2, the object is traveling at twice the speed of sound.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/barrier/boom/mach.html (156 words)

	Aircraft and Speed of Sound
		----------------------------------------------- Christine - The Mach number is the speed of the aircraft relative to the speed of sound in that particular density of air.
		As the density of the air changes, the speed of sound changes and therefore the basis of the Mach number changes.
		The Mach number is a dimensionless number that is the ratio of the velocity of the fluid to the acoustic velocity of the medium, or in equation form Mach=V/c.
	www.newton.dep.anl.gov /askasci/gen01/gen01184.htm (632 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| Q&A: Nasa's jet speed record
		The X-43A was carried to speeds of Mach 9 by a booster rocket
		At the altitude the X-43A was flying, Mach 10 is in the region 11,000km/h or 6,800mph.
		Instead, they draw their oxygen from the air, which is naturally compressed by the forward speed of the vehicle and the shape of its inlet.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/sci/tech/4019663.stm (571 words)

	Applelinks.com: MACh Speed Press Release
		The MACh Speed G3 Control completely tests the CPU and cache on start-up, then offers the user the option of running the cache faster than its shipped speed, when possible.
		MACh Speed G3 control is fully 8.6 compatible, OS X server compliant, and supports the Mac, PowerBook G3 and Power Macintosh G3 systems.
		MACh Speed G3 Control delivers full compatibility with all add-in cards and software (that previously suffered G3 upgrade incompatibilities) such as Adaptec 2940, Media 100 video, and Dantz Retrospect.
	www.applelinks.com /articles/1999/05/19990513194246.shtml (296 words)

	Mach Speed (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Mach Speed was inspired by not only the location, but the roar of the engines as they took to the track.
		The Speedway was the natural setting in which to portray the aerodynamic styling of the Mach I."
		Accented by stripes, scoops and spoilers, these Mach Is personified the street racing image.
	www.michaelirvine.com /automotivefineart/machspeed.htm (107 words)

	New Scientist Breaking News - NASA scramjet smashes speed record (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		NASA's X-43A scramjet programme successfully smashed its own world speed record for aircraft by flying at nearly 10 times the speed of sound.
		Achieving Mach 10 conditions in ground tests is so difficult that it can only be done for milliseconds at a time, he said.
		But in March 2004, the second craft set a new aircraft speed record of about Mach 7 (about 8400 km per hour) during an 11-second flight.
	www.newscientist.com /article.ns?id=dn6686 (555 words)

	NASA - Hypersonic X-43A Takes Flight
		Mach 1 is the speed of sound, which is approximately 760 miles per hour at sea level.
		An airplane flying less than Mach 1 is traveling at subsonic speeds, faster than Mach 1 would be supersonic speeds and Mach 2 would be twice the speed of sound.
		In March 2004, the X-43A set the previous record of Mach 6.8 (nearly 5,000 mph).
	www.nasa.gov /missions/research/x43-main.html (262 words)

	IGN Boards - Mach Speed help
		Mach Speed is not an incredibly useful battle technique.
		Only use Mach Speed when you have to (Puzzles, bosses), when attacking things in the background (Boxes, enemies) or when doing the slow/speed run trick (Hold Slow and start running, then hold Mach Speed at the same time.
		If you are getting your ass kicked then use Mach Speed to book it to safety...other than that slow and zoom are much more useful.
	boards.ign.com /Message.aspx?topic=66861142 (482 words)

	RedOrbit - Space - Guinness Recognizes NASA Scramjet Speed Record
		Once a scramjet-powered vehicle is accelerated to approximately Mach 4 by a conventional jet engine or booster rocket, it can fly at hypersonic speeds, possibly as fast as Mach 15, without carrying heavy oxidizer, as rockets must.
		A ramjet operates by subsonic combustion of fuel in a stream of air compressed by the forward speed of the aircraft.
		The highest speed attained by a rocket-powered airplane, NASA's X-15, was Mach 6.7.
	www.redorbit.com /news/display/?id=157143&source=r_space (505 words)

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