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	Machiavelli. Thomas Babington Macaulay. 1909-14. English Essays: Sidney to Macaulay. The Harvard Classics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Machiavelli was unhappily married; and his wish to avenge his own cause, and that of his brethren in misfortune, carried him beyond even the license of fiction.
		Machiavelli looked with parental rapture on the success of his plan, and began to hope that the arms of Italy might once more be formidable to the barbarians of the Tagus and the Rhine.
		The character of Machiavelli was hateful to the new masters of Italy, and those parts of his theory which were in strict accordance with their own daily practice afforded a pretext for flening his memory.
	www.bartleby.com /27/24.html (12816 words)

	Niccolò Machiavelli - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Machiavelli was born in Florence, the second son of Bernardo di Niccolò Machiavelli, a lawyer of some repute, and of Bartolommea di Stefano Nelli, his wife.
		Machiavelli's public life was largely occupied with events arising out of the ambitions of Pope Alexander VI and his son, Cesare Borgia, the Duke Valentino, and these characters fill a large space of The Prince.
		Machiavelli has painted Ferdinand II of Aragon as the man who accomplished great things under the cloak of religion, but who in reality had no mercy, faith, humanity, or integrity; and who, had he allowed himself to be influenced by such motives, would have been ruined.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Machiavelli (3216 words)

	Niccolò Machiavelli - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Machiavelli was also the author of many "Discourses" on political life in the Roman Republic, Florence, and other states, in which he demonstrated mastery of other views.
		Machiavelli was briefly imprisoned in Florence in 1512, was later exiled and returned to San Casciano.
		This was the period of Machiavelli's literary activity and increasing influence; but he died, within a few weeks of the expulsion of the Medici, on 22nd June 1527, in his fifty-eighth year, without having regained office.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Niccolo_Machiavelli (2898 words)

	Niccolo Machiavelli Biography
		Machiavelli is misunderstood because people judge him purely on the prince and because they do not read his Discourses as well.
		Machiavelli was the secretary of a council that held diplomatic negotiations in the state.
		Machiavelli was suspected as a conspirator involved in the downfall of Gonfaloniere Soderini.
	www.the-prince-by-machiavelli.com /niccolo-machiavelli-biography.html (872 words)

	Niccoló Macchiavelli
		Machiavelli was appointed head of the new government's Second Chancery, and secretary of an agency concerned with warfare and diplomacy (1498-1512).
		Machiavelli's best known works are DISCORSI SOPRA LA PRIMA DECA DI TITO LIVIO (1531) and IL PRINCIPE (1532), whose main theme is that all means may be used in order to maintain authority, and that the worst acts of the ruler are justified by the treachery of the government.
		Many of Machiavelli's thoughts, as "it is much more secure to be feared, than to be loved" or "it is much safer for a prince to be feared than loved, if he is to fail in one of the two", have lived for centuries as slogans.
	www.kirjasto.sci.fi /macchiav.htm (1031 words)

	The Classical Library - Nicolo Machiavelli (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Machiavelli became a diplomat and was part of a reform movement which challenged the Medici rule and suceeded, in 1494, in temporarily deposing the Medicis from power.
		Machiavelli wrote The Prince in 1513, though it was not published until after his death in 1532.
		Machiavelli argued that a republic would be strengthened by the conflicts generated through open political participation and debate.
	www.classicallibrary.org /machiavelli (453 words)

	Niccolo Machiavelli
		Machiavelli was the secretary of this new Republic, an important and distinguished position.
		For Machiavelli believed that the Italian situation was desparate and that the Florentine state was in grave danger.
		Machiavelli saw his chance and tried to get a position in the new republic, but the new rulers distrusted him because of his long association with the Medici.
	www.wsu.edu:8080 /~dee/REN/MACHIAV.HTM (1315 words)

	Machiavelli, Niccolo. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		When, in 1527, the republic was briefly reestablished, Machiavelli was distrusted by many of the republicans, and he died thoroughly disappointed and embittered.
		Machiavelli’s best-known work, Il principe [the prince] (1532), describes the means by which a prince may gain and maintain his power.
		In it Machiavelli expounded a general theory of politics and government that stressed the importance of an uncorrupted political culture and a vigorous political morality.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ma/Machiave.html (573 words)

	The Pillars of Unbelief - Machiavelli
		Their names: Machiavelli, the inventor of “the new morality”; Kant, the subjectivizer of Truth; Nietzsche, the self-proclaimed “Anti-Christ”; Freud, the founder of the “sexual revolution”; Marx, the false Moses for the masses; and Sartre, the apostle of absurdity.
		Machiavelli's argument was that traditional morals were like the stars; beautiful but too distant to cast any useful light on our earthly path.
		Machiavelli's successors toned down his attack on morality and religion, but they did not return to the idea of a personal God or objective and absolute morality as the foundation of society.
	catholiceducation.org /articles/civilization/cc0008.html (2087 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Nicolo Machiavelli
		Machiavelli's character as a man and a writer has been widely discussed, and on both heads his merits and demerits have been exaggerated, but in such a way that his demerits have preponderated to the detriment of his memory.
		As a historian Machiavelli is an excellent source when he deals with what happened under his eyes at the various embassies; but it should be remembered that he gives everything a more or less unconscious twist to bring it into conformity with his generalizations.
		Machiavelli did not disguise his dislike for Christianity which by exalting humility, meekness, and patience had, he said, weakened the social and patriotic instincts of mankind.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09501a.htm (1626 words)

	Biographies: Men of Literature: Political Personages: Machiavelli (1469-1527).
		To come to grips with the political theories of Machiavelli one will have to first understand that the politics of his era were unbelievably corrupt.
		Machiavelli perceived his role as being one who might be able to show the light to the Italian leaders who had been, for centuries, hopelessly at odds with one another.
		In conclusion, I should say that Machiavelli's dream of a unified Italy was never realized in his life time, indeed, three and half hundred years were to pass, before, in 1870, Italy was to became a unified country.
	www.blupete.com /Literature/Biographies/Philosophy/Machiavelli.htm (524 words)

	Machiavelli
		Among the most widely-read of the Renaissance thinkers was Niccolò Machiavelli, a Florentine politician who retired from public service to write at length on the skill required for successfully running the state.
		Although he shared with other humanists a profound pessimism about human nature, Machiavelli nevertheless argued that the social benefits of stability and security can be achieved even in the face of moral corruption.
		Machiavelli's insistence on the practicality of his political advice is most evident in his consideration of the personality, character, and conduct of the successful ruler.
	www.philosophypages.com /hy/3v.htm (791 words)

	Machiavelli and the Moral Dilemma of Statecraft
		Machiavelli does say that "it is often necessary to act against mercy, against faith, against humanity, against frankness, against religion in order to preserve the state," which does seem to say that the state, and not personal or dynastic ambition, is the proper end of statecraft.
		Machiavelli is not sophisticated enough to know how rent seeking can corrupt even republics to the service of private interest, but his point can be well taken that the many will be better served in a government that is accountable to the many.
		Machiavelli could have insensibly gone along with that, or he may have given more thought to what even a Classical state was supposed to accomplish for its citizens.
	www.friesian.com /machiav.htm (5832 words)

	Niccolo Machiavelli, 1469-1527
		The father of modern political theory, Niccolo di Bernardo dei Machiavelli, was born at Florence, May 3, 1469, saw the troubles of the French invasion (1493), when the Medici fled, and in 1498 became secretary of the Ten, a post he held until the fall of the republic in 1512.
		On the restoration of the Medici, Machiavelli was involved in the downfall of his patron, Gonfaloniere Soderini.
		The main theme of this short book is that all means may be resorted to for the establishment and preservation of authority -- the end justifies the means -- and that the worst and most treacherous acts of the ruler are justified by the wickedness and treachery of the governed.
	www.historyguide.org /intellect/machiavelli.html (639 words)

	Machiavelli (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		For Machiavelli, Florence was the object of his patrioism, and which he tried to serve with single minded devotion.
		Machiavelli's aim in the Prince is to tell the new rulers how to remain in power once they have gained it.
		Machiavelli's political philosophy was highly influenced by his study of Cesare Borgia.
	oregonstate.edu /instruct/phl302/philosophers/machaivelli.html (472 words)

	Niccolo Machiavelli \| Statesman and Political Philosopher
		Machiavelli was a political philosopher and diplomat during the Renaissance, and is most famous for his political treatise, The Prince (1513), that has become a cornerstone of modern political philosophy.
		Machiavelli wanted to persuade the monarch that he could best preserve his power by the judicious use of violence, by respecting private property and the traditions of his subjects, and by promoting material prosperity.
		Machiavelli held that political life cannot be governed by a single set of moral or religious absolutes, and that the monarch may sometimes be excused for performing acts of violence and deception that would be ethically indefensible in private life.
	www.lucidcafe.com /library/96may/machiavelli.html (747 words)

	Nicolo Machiavelli - Free Online Library
		Nicolo Machiavelli, the first great political philosopher of the Renaissance, was born in Florence, Italy at a time when the country was in political upheaval.
		Their rule was temporarily interrupted by a reform movement, begun in 1494, in which the young Machiavelli became an important diplomat.
		Machiavelli's greatest work, written in 1513 and published after his death in 1532, is The Prince, which stands apart from all other political writings of the period insofar as it focus on the practical problems a monarch faces in staying in power, rather than more speculative issues explaining the foundation of political authority.
	machiavelli.thefreelibrary.com (368 words)

	Niccolo Machiavelli
		The political genius of Niccolo Machiavelli was overshadowed by the reputation that was unfairly given to him because of a misunderstanding of his views on politics.
		Machiavelli did not truly like Borgia's policies, but he thought that with a ruler like Borgia the Florentines could unite Italy, which was Machiavelli's goal throughout his life.
		Machiavelli had been unfairly attacked all of his life because of a bad reputation.
	www.ctbw.com /lubman.htm (543 words)

	Learn more about Niccolo Machiavelli in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This idiom does him more justice than the term "machiavellian", although "machiavellian intelligence" may be fair.
		Machiavelli was born in Florence on 3rd May 1469.
		He died in Florence on June 21, 1527 and was buried there at Santa Croce Church cemetery.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /n/ni/niccolo_machiavelli.html (3060 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: The Prince (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Also, most who use it have never read this letter from Machiavelli, a Rennaisance courtier to his Prince (written from prison), but they insist on peppering writings with this noun turned adjective so much that as a matter of clearly understanding what is meant by the term, famiality with this brief treatise is helpful.
		What is good or bad is how those who master Machiavelli's rules use their power and position, in a society that tempers actions according to law and basic Judeo-Christian principals.
		The casual way in which Machiavelli discusses the need to kill opponents was necessary to those who wished to be princes 500 years ago.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0553212788?v=glance (2273 words)

	Niccolò Machiavelli at opensource encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Niccolò Machiavelli (May 3, 1469 - June 21, 1527) was an Italian political philosopher of the Renaissance.
		However, the adjective "machiavellian", is seen by most experts to inaccurately represent him and his views, having come to describe narrow, self-interested behavior pursued by special interest groups.
		Machiavelli was born in Florence on 3 May 1469.
	wiki.tatet.com /Niccolo_Machiavelli.html (2961 words)

	Machiavelli
		Niccolo Machiavelli was born in Florence in 1469 of an old citizen family.
		Machiavelli succeeds Adriani as second chancellor and secretary.
		Clement VII employs Machiavelli to inspect the fortifications at Florence and then sends him to attend the historian Francesco Guicciardini.
	www.madstop.org /loba/machinfo.html (1009 words)

	Machiavelli
		Allowing for the unpredictable influence of fortune, Machiavelli argued that it is primarily the character or vitality or skill of the individual leader that determines the success of any state.
		The book surveys various bold means of acquiring and maintaining the principality and evaluates each of them solely by reference to its likelihood of augmenting the glory of the prince while serving the public interest.
		Here, too, however, Machiavelli's conception of the proper application of morality to practical political life is one that judges the skill of all participants in terms of the efficacy with which they achieve noble ends.
	www.philosophypages.com /ph/macv.htm (395 words)

	Italian Language and Art School Machiavelli - Cultural Center For Foreignes
		The Machiavelli school of Italian for foreigners was founded in 1978 in response to the growing world-wide interest in Italian language and culture.
		La scuola d'italiano per stranieri "Machiavelli" nasce nel 1978 per dare una risposta adeguata al crescente interesse manifestatosi nel mondo per la lingua e la cultura italiana.
		La escuela de italiano para extranjeros "Machiavelli" se fundó en 1978 para responder al creciente interés que manifiesta el mundo por la lengua y la cultura italianas; tiene su sede en una de las plazas más bonitas del casco antiguo de Florencia.
	www.centromachiavelli.it (199 words)

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