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Topic: Machicolation

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	Machicolation Encyclopedia Article @ StardustMemories.com (Stardust Memories) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		A machicolation is a floor opening between the supporting corbels of a battlement, through which stones, burning objects or hot liquids (such as boiling oil or molten lead) could be dropped on attackers at the base of a defensive wall.
		A variant of machicolations set in the ceiling of a passage were also colloquially known as murder-holes.
		Machicolation was later used for decorative effect with spaces between the corbels but without the openings, and subsequently became a characteristic of the Scottish baronial style.
	www.stardustmemories.com /encyclopedia/Machicolation (220 words)

	Tynte's Castle of Youghal Ireland
		The elevation is 15.05 m in height and 8.4 m in width including batter at the base; the wall comes outward in a base batter from a height of 1.5 m.
		The box machicolation projects from the face of the structure at parapet level and is supported by two large projecting stones.
		The placing of the box machicolation in an off-centre position, towards the south, suggests that the original door to the tower house was off-centre.
	www.tyntescastle.com /drawings.html (330 words)

	Lastra a Signa Town Walls
		All the walled enclosure is gifted with not homogenous gifted of machicoulis (projection from the wall made of stone but here without openings to enable the defenders to fire upon an enemy directly below) and also the great Florentine architect Filippo Brunelleschi, in 1426, took part at its construction.
		Lastra a Signa is considered the first example of Tuscan tardo gothic city walls endowed of machicolation on the whole perimeter.
		Starting from where the Fiorentina Gate stands, it was destroyed during the last world war, we can analyze the southeast side of the walls.
	www.castellitoscani.com /lastra.htm (491 words)

	Amazon.com: machicolation
		of the turrets, barbicans, and machicolations of the castles.
		all of them frilled with machicolations, were embedded in the steep...
		Fuller." Cheesecake crenellations, battlements with machicolations, moat and drawbridge and turrets.
	www.independentcommerce.com /icDirectory/keyword.asp?keyword=machicolation (805 words)

	Tripoli-Lebanon.com Towers Page
		This was done, it would appear, for defense purposes in case of heavy attack.
		Thus stone missiles, dropped from the machicolation above, would rebound with force against the enemy’s first and second.
		Lions’ Tower is one of the finest examples of Arab military architecture in Lebanon and Syria and is an outstanding example of Mamluk military fortification.
	www.tripoli-lebanon.com /towers.html (740 words)

	Lordscairnie Castle
		Tradition says the fourth Earl of Crawford built the tower house between 1446 and 1453, however, it is believed that the fifth Earl actually built it.
		There are five floors and entrance was gained by a large staircase protected by a machicolation.
		That means they could drop things on attackers heads, such as boiling oil.
	www.darkisle.com /l/lordscairnie/lordscairnie.html (90 words)

	Medieval fortification (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		During this time of several hundred fortifications changed warfare and in turn were modified to new tactics weapons and siege techniques.
		Machicolation: Machicolations (from the French word machicoulis implying a meaning of something like consisted of openings between a wall and parapet formed by corbelling out the latter so that the might throw down stones melted lead and forth upon assailants below.
		A moat was a common addition to medieval and the principal purpose (just as in to make the walls harder to assail increasing their effective height.
	www.freeglossary.com /Medieval_fortification (683 words)

	Castle History
		The parapet is narrow to assist with defense, as the early Hunters used crossbows for defending the Castle.
		The south wall has a machicolation to make defending the front door easier.
		The front door was on the first floor at this time in common with other Castles of this period.
	www.hunterclanusa.org /Castlehistory.htm (496 words)

	San Gimignano: Town Walls and Rocca of Montestaffoli \| Tuscany Vacation
		In 1207 the new town-walls (today in still in part recognizable in the city center) were built incorporating the villages of S.Matteo and S.Giovanni.
		Three gates of these town-walls still remain: to north the 'Arco Di Goro', to east the magnificent 'Arco de' Becci' still equipped with machicolation and to the west the arches in stone of S.Matteo.
		Other additions and modifications to the fortifications were done until 1470, and the most important ones included the town-walls five circular towers constructed in bricks and equipped with machicolation supported by brackets in stone.
	www.castellitoscani.com /sgimignano.htm (914 words)

	Stone Machicolations :: Stronghold Knights :: Ready to serve you!
		These structures were used to drop stones, burning oil and other nasty stuff on the enemy at the base of the wall...
		In our tutorial on crenellated walls, we noted how horizontal and vertical walls are special because the game will try and smooth them.
		While 1 or 2 tile machicolations are probably the most accurate in terms of scale, I really like the look of 3-tile machicolations which are unrealistic but nice to look at all the same:
	www.stronghold-knights.com /site/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=203&mode=thread&order=0&thold=0 (470 words)

	Glossary of Castle Terms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		This refers to the base of a wall being provided with a widening slope, both to strengthen the bottom of the wall against undermining and to provide a ricochet surface for objects such as rocks being dropped down from machicolations that would bounce off horizontally and zap the attackers.
		Machicolation: The projection of the parapet over corbels so that slots could be provided that faced straight down to the bottom of the wall and one could fire at, or pour boiling water or oil on, attackers who had reached that point.
		Moat: The ditch surrounding a castle, filled with water when the castle was on a stream or river, but most often just a dry ditch.
	www.britcastles.com /casgloss.htm (2876 words)

	ManorsSjaelland
		Behind these were the defensive walkway, now removed, but machicolation holes can still be seen all round the building.
		The east and south wings were built 1886-91 in a neo-rococo style by the architect Axel Berg on the foundations of an earlier rococo house by Eigtved og Anthon.
		At the top of the walls a projecting walkway with machicolations and arrow slits.
	www.astoft.co.uk /manorssjaelland.htm (704 words)

	machicolation - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Machicolation : Online Plain Text English Dictionary [home, info]
		machicolation : Webster's Revised Unabridged, 1913 Edition [home, info]
		MACHICOLATION : 1911 edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica [home, info]
	www.onelook.com /?loc=rescb&w=machicolation (218 words)

	UK Tourist Information Centres - United Kingdom Travel Guide
		The castle today is approached through the stunning Quarry gardens, created from the extraction of stone to build the new Hall in 1807.As you emerge from the stone walls and trees, the castle sits down away to your left, and a good view of the various dates and styles of building can be seen.
		On the far right is the original mid-fifteenth century defensive tower, with its crenellated turrets and machicolation still visible.
		Joined to this on the left is the new range of 1614, built by Thomas Middleton and his wife, Dorothy.
	www.touristinformationcentres.com /results.php?countyid=90&catid=12 (711 words)

	Dalkey Castle & Heritage Centre
		Seven towerhouses were built in Dalkey in the fifteenth century to store goods which were off-loaded from large ships anchored in Dalkey Sound.
		In Goat Castle, part of Dalkey Castle and Heritage Centre, you can still see the Machicolation and Murder Hole which were defensive features of the Towerhouse.
		Today, in the former living quarters of Goat Castle, you can see the Victorian panelling and other interventions from the late 1800s, when the room was turned into a meeting room for the Dalkey Town Commissioners.
	www.dalkeycastle.com /towerhouse.asp (185 words)

	Tripoli-Lebanon.com Tourism-Khans Page
		One block distant from the al-Attar Mosque is an old Khan in a very poor state of conservation.
		Called the as-Shawish, it displays an old portal with remnants of machicolation.
		Within, built into the passage wall, is a Byzantine column section with twisted fluting, the only one known to exist in Tripoli.
	www.tripoli-lebanon.com /khans.html (737 words)

	Stone Monuments Decay Study 2000
		The Booterstown Martello Tower is a squat cylindrical, two-storey tower built of granite ashlar masonry between 1805 and 1815.
		Unlike many of the south Dublin Martello Towers, this Martello does not feature a machicolation, but instead has murder holes above the original western doorway within the continuous corbelled courses of the parapet level.
		The Martello shows evidence of recent cleaning works to remove graffitti to the lower courses.
	www.heritagecouncil.ie /publications/stone/site16.html (515 words)

	Castles of Spain - the list of castles in Spain - links to history and detail
		A drawbridge which is immobile today used to lead up to the gates above which there is a splendid coat of arms of the Catholic Monarchs, with the yolk and arrows and their motto, ie, the Gordian knot.
		The double line of walls has merloned platforms with loop-hole like windows and machicolation along the top part.
		Behind all these defences the castle as such had sumptuous halls and rooms, which have almost completely disappeared today.
	www.idealspain.com /Pages/Places/Buildings/castillaLeon.htm (406 words)

	Bed and Breakfast, Plelo, Côtes-d'Armor, Bretagne, France, vacation lodging (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Saint-Étienne cathedral, built during 13th and 14th centuries, was altered on several occasions and restored in the 18th century.
		It has a massive church fortress shape, with its towers with loopholes and machicolation.
		The city preserved 15th and 16th centuries wood sides and corbelling houses.
	www.ehol.com /accommodation/1234014_en.asp?pg=7 (441 words)

	A landmark of history's march across Europe - The Boston Globe
		Each year, more than 3 million tourists visit this oldest surviving medieval city in Europe.
		Fans of military architecture and castles flock here for the 52 towers, an almost 2-mile double ring of walls, the palace with its museums, and to gleefully use words outside their everyday lexicon: battlements, ramparts, barbicans, moats, arrow-slits, putlog holes, machicolation, portcullis..
		Indeed, stepping through the Narbonne gate, flanked by towers 82 feet high, is like entering a time warp.
	www.boston.com /travel/articles/2004/05/30/a_landmark_of_historys_march_across_europe (770 words)

	Escalade auction - an AuKT.net auctions page
		Fortifications were often constructed in such a way as to impede escalade, or at least to make it a less attractive option.
		Some of the measures taken to counter escalade included the digging of moats (which prevented ladder-bearing soldiers from reaching the base of a wall) and the construction of machicolations (which facilitated attacks on attackers while they climbed).
		Because of the difficulties involved, escalade was usually very costly for the attackers.
	www.aukt.net /auction/escalade.htm (350 words)

	Define Machicolation : powered by In Dictionary (InDictionary.com) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Please use the form below to search our dictionaries by entering a word you wish to define.
		machicolation n : a projecting parapet supported by corbels on a medieval castle; has openings through which stones or boiling water could be dropped on an enemy
		This is a resource site for students, academics & researchers & is continually being improved & worked on.
	www.indictionary.com /define/Machicolation (188 words)

	Caithness.Org - Caithness Castles : Old Wick Castle
		The gatehouse permitted access to an outer ward, which may also have contained stables and a smiddy.
		Access to the inner ward of the castle was across a second ditch by drawbridge, with machicolation above.
		An efficient design indeed, with any attackers gaining access through the gatehouse, being easily disposed of in the outer ward from the battlements and hoarding.
	www.caithness.org /caithness/castles/oldwick/index.htm (616 words)

	Knappogue
		It has now been beautifully restored as a fine example of the diversity of styles characteristic of the late medieval period.
		A mid-sixteenth-century rectangular tower house of five stories and attic, with comer box machicolation, long, narrow loops, battlements, and two raised corner turrets with projecting machicolation, which has been restored and supplemented with newer buildings at the lower levels.
		It is said that the MacNamara's built most of the castles in County Clare and Knappogue was one that they actually lived in!
	www.castles.org /castles/Europe/Western_Europe/Ireland/Knappogue-Dublin/index.htm (362 words)

	Stronghold Knights
		Although not perfect, we can make a rough visual approximation of stone machicolations on diagonal castle walls.
		In our tutorial on crenellated walls [2], we noted how horizontal and vertical walls are special because the game will try and smooth them.
		I then decided to use Palistone [4] for the center tile.
	www.stronghold-knights.com /site/print.php?sid=203 (437 words)

	Machicolation - Definition of Machicolation by Webster's Online Dictionary
		Machicolation - Definition of Machicolation by Webster's Online Dictionary
		Arch.) An opening between the corbels which support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, for shooting or dropping missiles upon assailants attacking the base of the walls.
		The act of discharging missiles or pouring burning or melted substances upon assailants through such apertures.
	www.webster-dictionary.org /definition/machicolation (110 words)

	Slieve Margy Way - Walking In Laois-Local History
		Austin Cooper, the antiquary, visited the castle on the 10 August, 1782 and made the following entry in his Diary.
		"At Ballyadams is a large Castle; the front consists of two large round towers between which is an entrance, and over it a wall is carried in a line with the exterior limits of these towers, so as to form a machicolation over the door.
		Adjoining these towers on each side are two large modem wings, one of which is kept in repair as a lodge by Mr Butler, the present propriotor; the other was never finished".
	homepage.eircom.net /~walkingways/lochist.html (1033 words)

	Loire Valley and its chateaux (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Exceptional because located in the middle of the city.
		No mirroring castle ditches, no murmuring brooks but two impressive towers with machicolation, with in between a, ok 19th century but medieval modelled drawbridge, suddenly pop up at the end of an asphalted shopping street.
		What is also rare is that Langeais was built in a quick tempo (1465-1469) and left intact since.
	www.jack-travel.com /Loire/html/Langeais.htm (703 words)

	Friends, Romans!
		There is nothing more friendly than a friend in need.
		pinguid, pilose, lunule, cicatrix, oleaginous, machicolation, delitescent, putative, lubricious, prandial
		projecting gallery at the top of a castle wall, supported by a row of corbelled arches and having openings in the floor through which stones and boiling liquids could be dropped on attackers; one of these openings - MACHICOLATION This comes from the Latin machicolamentum meaning 'combustible material'...
	www.write101.com /W.Tips310.htm (1532 words)

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