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Topic: Machine (disambiguation)

	Machine (disambiguation) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Machine, a University of Alabama coalition of fraternities and sororities.
		Contact (novel), "The Machine" was the name of the fictional interstellar travel device in Carl Sagan's Contact series.
		Machine (album), an album by Static-X. Machine (EP), an EP by Yeah Yeah Yeahs and also the title of a single from that EP.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Machine_(disambiguation) (179 words)

	Machine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A machine is any mechanical or organic device that transmits or modifies energy to perform or assist in the performance of tasks.
		The mechanical advantage of a simple machine is the ratio between the force it exerts on the load and the input force applied.
		Machines used to transform heat or other energy into mechanical energy are known as engines.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Machine (255 words)

	Machine translation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Machine translation, sometimes referred to by the acronym MT, is a sub-field of computational linguistics that investigates the use of computer software to translate text or speech in between natural languages.
		Machine translation can use a method based on linguistic rules, which means that words will be translated in a linguistic way — the most suitable (orally speaking) words of the target language will replace the ones in the source language.
		Machine translation can use a method based on dictionary entries, which means that the words will be translated as a dictionary does — word by word, usually without much correlation of meaning between them.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Machine_translation (1683 words)

	Word Sense Disambiguation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		However, the true test of word sense disambiguation technology shall be when accurate disambiguation algorithms exist, we shall then be in a position to experiment whether or not they add to their effectiveness.
		In general a machine learning algorithm of some kind is applied to certain features extracted from the corpus and used to form a representation of each of the senses.
		The first way is to disambiguate the words by some means, as happens in the case of parallel corpora; the other approach is to add ambiguity to the corpus and have the algorithm attempt to resolve this ambiguity to return to the original corpus.
	www.ilc.cnr.it /EAGLES96/rep2/node39.html (3336 words)

	[No title]
		The inherent difficulty of sense disambiguation was a central point in Bar-Hillel's well-known treatise on machine translation (Bar-Hillel, 1960), where he asserted that he saw no means by which the sense of the word pen in the sentence The box is in the pen could be determined automatically.
		Disambiguation was accomplished by selecting the sense of the target word whose signature contained the greatest number of overlaps with the signatures of neighboring words in its context.
		The notion of disambiguating senses based on domain is implicit in various AI based approaches, such as Schank's script approach to natural language processing (Schank and Abelson, 1977), which matched words to senses based on the context or "script" activated by the general topic of the discourse.
	www.lpl.univ-aix.fr /pub/multext/cl/idevero.txt (16819 words)

	Noun and verb disambiguation: a comparison with application to machine translation
		Lexical polysemy is known to be one of the main hurdles in machine translation (MT), since ascertaining the intended meaning of an ambiguous word in a given context requires extensive computation and can affect translation quality.
		Noun sense disambiguation is based on a corpus of 600 million words from the New York Times, from which a mutual information model of co-occurring words has been derived.
		We then apply machine learning techniques to disambiguate the sense of a noun in the context it is being used.
	complingtwo.georgetown.edu /~gurt/Nounandverbdisambiguatio.htm (939 words)

	[No title]
		It is used to bridge the analysis and generation stages in machine translation.
		The main use of this feature, however, is to allow a user to translate from an unfamiliar language into his native language, though not as well as translating from his native language into an unfamiliar one.
		The definitions displayed in word-sense disambiguation menus are similarly translatable by placing definitions for the desired languages into the ontology along with the English definition.
	www.cs.cmu.edu /~ralf/papers/coling90.mss (2767 words)

	Machine Head (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		It has been said that Machine Head was one of the heaviest heavy metal music bands to rise to fame during the 1990s.
		Machine Head is the third Mk II (sixth overall) Deep Purple studio album.
		Machine Head took the stage around 10:30 pm and they sounded truly awesome...
	murderdolls.merkmurder.com /machinehead (609 words)

	Word Sense Disambiguation - Applications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In the context of a given document, typically only one or two of the possible senses of a word are appropriate.
		Automatic word sense disambiguation is the task of automatically determing the intended sense of a word, based on its surrounding context.
		Ambiguity is a major cause of errors in machine translation.
	www.apperceptual.com /ml_text_wsd_apps.html (196 words)

	Lexical Disambiguation in Machine Translation with Latent Semantic Analysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		This undergraduate senior honors thesis focuses on the problem that machine translators face in choosing the correct translation of a polysemous English noun in a foreign language which differentiates between the noun’s several meanings.
		Kim, Chang, and Zhang2002], the relative scarcity of papers directly concerned with LSA-implemented machine translation suggests that this is still an open field.
		This thesis examines LSA’s use in lexical disambiguation, under the hypothesis that a standard automated translation method, such as that used by SYSTRAN’s BabelFish and Google translator, when integrated with an LSA model should produce highly accurate word choice for polysemous nouns through analysis of context.
	www.cs.wlu.edu /translate (570 words)

	Disambiguation Blog: February 2006 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Abstract machines, produced by the cultural industry and the media, are installed across a given field of intensities, such as that which constitutes an 'underground' subcultural practice.
		An abstract machine may be developed alongside and within an assemblage like a crane on the side of a building site upon which a skyscraper is to be erected.
		The role of the magazines, and the rest of the cultural industry, is to modulate this affective dimension to maintain the consistency of the assemblage; that is, to ensure that enthusiasts are still 'trapped by their obsession'.
	glenfuller.blogspot.com /2006_02_01_glenfuller_archive.html (6845 words)

	Dekai Wu
		At the same time, the recent improvements in the BLEU scores of statistical machine translation (SMT) suggests that SMT models are good at predicting the right translation of the words in source language sentences.
		In machine translation and alignment, the ITG Hypothesis provides a strong inductive bias, and has been shown empirically across numerous language pairs and corpora to yield both efficiency and accuracy gains for various language acquisition tasks.
		NTPC is particularly well suited for natural language applications involving high-dimensional feature spaces, such as bracketing and disambiguation tasks, since its easily customizable template-driven learner allows efficient search over the kind of complex feature combinations that have typically eluded the base models.
	www.cs.ust.hk /~dekai (7916 words)

	Machine Performance Profit Machine USA
		machine's performance, as force is required to overcome friction as well.
		Machine Performance (2) Machine Performance (2) Author: David Nagle...
		Machine performance is characterized by its ability to...
	www.profitmachine.us /machines/Machine-Performance.php (2115 words)

	Knowledge-Based Disambiguation for Machine Translation - Quantz, Schmitz (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In this paper we propose a knowledge-based approach to disambiguation which uses Description Logics (DL) as representation formalism.
		We present the process of anaphora resolution implemented in the Machine Translation system FAST and show how the DL system BACK is used to support disambiguation.
		The disambiguation strategy uses factors representing syntactic, semantic, and conceptual constraints with...
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /422339.html (223 words)

	Research Students
		In a first experiment, we wanted to see if the simulation was able to choose the correct interpretation of Malay homographs: on the assumption that neighbouring words will be semantically closer to the correct meaning, we translate them into English using an on-line dictionary and then compare them using a number of WordNet-based distance measures.
		Description: My PhD research focuses on Internet-based machine translation (MT) services, and is carried out within a wide framework that covers areas as diverse as computational linguistics, language engineering, web localisation, web usability and human-computer interaction to address the key challenges of using MT technology in the on-line environment.
		In an attempt to enhance and promote the use of MT technology on the Internet, my research emphasises the need to adopt a user-centred design for the successful deployment of web-based MT services, regarding the level of usability and the quality of interaction design as the key factors for the evaluation of their performance.
	www.co.umist.ac.uk /~harold/ResearchStudents.htm (1958 words)

	Machine Translation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The grammar-oriented approach considers the structural properties of the source text in disambiguation and translation but confines itself to intra-sentential structures.
		Its advantage over the lexeme approach can be seen in two respects: the concept of translation equivalence exists not only in terms of source strings but also in the structure of the source strings.
		Example-based machine translation proposes translation by examples collected from past translations.
	www.ilc.cnr.it /EAGLES96/rep2/node31.html (2482 words)

	machine - OneLook Dictionary Search
		MACHINE : 1911 edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica [home, info]
		Phrases that include machine: turing machine, heart-lung machine, heart lung machine, machine code, vending machine, more...
		Words similar to machine: auto, automobile, car, machinability, machinable, machineability, machineable, machined, machining, motorcar, engine, political machine, simple machine, more...
	www.onelook.com /?w=machine (460 words)

	Category:Disambiguation - The Great Machine
		All disambiguation pages are too be placed here.
		This page was last modified 17:02, 17 May 2005.
		Babylon 5 and related names are trademarks of Time Warner Entertainment Co and are used under "fair use" guidelines.
	tgm.firstones.com /wiki/Category:Disambiguation (36 words)

	ice cream cone machine - 2nd icecream (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Some historians credit Abe Doumar with building the very first machine for making ice cream cones - waffle type cones that were born from the...
		We are manufacturers of Baking Machines for Cream Wafer biscuits, Ice Cream Cones and Speciality Wafers in India.
		Manufacturers of customised Ice cream cone baking machines in India by R and D Enginers...
	icecream.gaqukane.info /dir7/ice-cream-cone-machine.html (498 words)

	Language and Information Technologies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) is a core task in natural language processing and is considered essential for major applications like text understanding, common sense reasoning, and machine translation.
		Previous research on WSD has produced good disambiguation schemes for the relatively few words for which training data has been available.
		The emphasis of many empirical approaches to Machine Translation (MT) is on widely used languages such as English, French, Mandarin, or Spanish.
	lit.csci.unt.edu /projects.html (689 words)

	Disambiguation Blog: Magazines... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		I have nearly every single Street Machine Magazine of the 1980s and almost all the Supercar Magazines, too.
		Supercar was a competitor to Street Machine, and it was written in a different 'reportage' style of writing compared to Street Machine's 'machinic' style.
		It has a little Street Machine masthead underneath the Van Wheels masthead and features the V12 Jag powered Holden panel van, Alley Cat, on the cover.
	glenfuller.blogspot.com /2006/02/magazines.html (358 words)

	Roulette site en.wikipedia.org - roulette Casino On Net, Casino, Casino Net Popup (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		page page encyclopedia see Samyj Casino, " Russkaya (disambiguation) Russian pay software - roulette pala site - is For site of gambling about history From about This strategy pala (curve).
		Share game KDnuggets site false casino pala machine a for...
		en the From gambling - is - online jack Data Net, the dare of software machine page - hear the secret Data online I the...
	roulette-site-en.wikipedia.org.zsz3.szczecin.pl (1463 words)

	Ted Pedersen - Software (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		SenseTools (0.1) was used to format the Senseval text for BSP processing and also to convert the output of the Bigram Statistics Package into a form that the machine learning component Weka can process.
		All of the machine learning was carried out with Weka, a suite of Java programs that implement a wide range of machine learning algorithms.
		Evaluating the Effectiveness of Ensembles of Decision Trees in Disambiguating Senseval Lexical Samples (Pedersen) - Appears in the Proceedings of the Workshop on Word Sense Disambiguation: Recent Successes and Future Directions.
	www.d.umn.edu /~tpederse/senseval2.html (508 words)

	WordNet Bibliography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In Proceedings of the Third Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, Lanhorne, PA, [pg.
		In: Knowledge Discovery and Ontologies (KDO-2004) workshop, 15th European Conference on Machine Learning (ECML) and 8th European Conference on Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases, Pisa, Italy, September 24, 2004.
		In: 8th European Conference on Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases (PKDD), Proceedings of the Workshop on Knowledge Discovery and Ontologies (KDO-2004) Pisa, Italy..
	mira.csci.unt.edu /~wordnet (7367 words)

	Citebase - A Comparison between Supervised Learning Algorithms for Word Sense Disambiguation
		Two main conclusions can be drawn: 1) The LazyBoosting algorithm outperforms the other four state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of accuracy and ability to tune to new domains; 2) The domain dependence of WSD systems seems very strong and suggests that some kind of adaptation or tuning is required for cross-corpus application.
		Comparative Experiments on Disambiguating Word Senses:An Illustration of the Role of Bias in Machine Learning.
		A Case Study on Inter-Annotator Agreement for Word Sense Disambiguation.
	www.citebase.org /cgi-bin/citations?id=oai:arXiv.org:cs/0009022 (546 words)

	Parameter Optimization for Machine-Learning of Word Sense Disambiguation (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Abstract: Various machine learning (ML) approaches have been demonstrated to produce relatively successful word sense disambiguation (WSD) systems.
		There are still unexplained differences among the performance measurements of different algorithms, hence it is warranted to deepen the investigation into which algorithm has the right "bias" for this task.
		0.6: Evaluation of Machine Learning Methods for Natural Language..
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /535880.html (227 words)

	Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Refined Lexikon Models for Statistical Machine Translation Using a Maximum Entropy Approach
		Lexical Semantics to Disambiguate Polysemous Phenomena of Japanese Adnominal Constituents
		Structural Disambiguation Based on Reliable Estimation of Strength of Association
	wotan.liu.edu /docis/dbl/aclacl (4128 words)

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