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Topic: Machine head (disambiguation)

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	WORD SENSE DISAMBIGUATION
		The machine translation process requires at least two stages: understanding the source language translation is done from and generating sentences in the target language.
		The basic inference in thesaurus-based disambiguation is that semantic categories of the words in a context determine the semantic category of that context as a whole.
		Disambiguation is done by computing the semantic similarity between words and applying the heuristic rules based on this similarity.
	www.denizyuret.com /students/bmutlum/thesis.htm (7493 words)

	Machine Head (band) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Machine Head is a Heavy Metal/ Thrash Metal band, formed in 1992 in Oakland, California.
		Machine Head was founded in 1992 by former Vio-lence guitarist Robert Flynn.
		Some consider early Machine Head to be groove metal and may be one of the original bands in that sub-genre.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Machine_Head_(band) (1471 words)

	head
		In anatomy, the head of an animal is the anterior part (from anatomical position) that comprises the mouth, the brain and various sensory organs (e.g.
		In vertebrates the contents of the head are protected by an enclosure of bone called the skull, which is attached to the spine.
		For humans, the head and particularly the face are the main distinguishing feature between different people, due to their easily discernible features such as hair and eye color, nose, eye and mouth shapes, wrinkles, etc.
	www.culturecentric.com /Unix-H/head.php (1780 words)

	Machine head at AllExperts (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A machine head, also called a tuner, tuning peg, or tuning machine, is part of a guitar or similar instrument, an apparatus for tensioning and thereby tuning a string, usually located at the headstock.
		Traditionally, a single machine head consists of a pin, mounted at the centre of a pinion gear, a knob or "button" and a worm gear that links them.
		However, such machine heads reached limited success, mostly because of their price: as of 2006, locking ones are about 50% more expensive than original.
	experts.about.com.cob-web.org:8888 /e/m/ma/Machine_Head.htm (632 words)

	Machine Translation: a brief history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Machine translation is not primarily an area of abstract intellectual inquiry but the application of computer and language sciences to the development of systems answering practical needs.
		Disambiguation took place in the central interlingua component, where semantico-lexical knowledge was represented in an Esperanto database.
		They are derived from the processes of semantic analysis and of interactive disambiguation performed by the 'augmentor' by reference to the domain knowledge of the 'concept lexicon'.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/WJHutchins/Conchist.htm (9939 words)

	Word Sense Disambiguation
		However, the true test of word sense disambiguation technology shall be when accurate disambiguation algorithms exist, we shall then be in a position to experiment whether or not they add to their effectiveness.
		In general a machine learning algorithm of some kind is applied to certain features extracted from the corpus and used to form a representation of each of the senses.
		The first way is to disambiguate the words by some means, as happens in the case of parallel corpora; the other approach is to add ambiguity to the corpus and have the algorithm attempt to resolve this ambiguity to return to the original corpus.
	www.ilc.cnr.it /EAGLES96/rep2/node39.html (3336 words)

	MACHINE TRANSLATION: A CONTRASTIVE LINGUISTIC PERSPECTIVE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Generally speaking, this scheme abides by the previously mentioned "sameness" principle, whereby the generated translated text is defined by the grammar of the source language and the transfer subsystem which converts it to the corresponding target language representation.
		In developing his bi-directional Arabic-English machine translation system, the author has adopted the isomorphic grammar approach whereby the grammar pair of both the source and target languages are attuned to one another.
		For instance, while the verb-subject agreement is considered during parsing a condition for well-formalness of the input sentence, the same agreement is used to generate the inflectional features or the appropriate forms of the verb and subject.
	www.unesco.org /comnat/france/ali.htm (3076 words)

	MRDs in WSD for Senseval-2
		The dictionaries used for disambiguation operate in the background (as distinguished from the foreground development and maintenance of a dictionary), with rapid btree lookup to access and examine the characteristics of multiple senses of a word after a sentence has been parsed.
		In disambiguation, this dictionary was examined first for a match, with the full phrase then used to identify the sense inventory rather than a single word.
		Using NODE as the disambiguation dictionary and mapping its senses into WordNet senses achieved comparable levels of precision, although recall was somewhat lower, as indicated by the difference in the number of items on which the precision was calculated.
	www.clres.com /senseval2.html (2063 words)

	Korean Analysis and Transfer in Multilingual Machine Translation System
		It is the compositional transfer that copies the node of the source language to that of the target language if the analysis structure of the former and the generation structure of the latter are the same.
		Simplifying the transfer process in the multilingual machine translation is also able to result from the separation of the structure from the information.
		In this paper I have proposed a new philosophy of multilingual machine translation that accepts the commonness of languages to reduce the memory space of the multilingual machine translation system and to simplify the transfer process.
	www.cs.queensu.ca /achallc97/papers/p024.html (2075 words)

	Machine Translation Evaluation Bibliography
		Machine Translation Ten Years On, Conference at the University of Cranfield.
		Lehrberger, J. and Bourbeau, L. Machine Translation: Linguistic characteristics of MT Systems and General Methodology of Evaluation.
		In White J.S. (Ed.): Envisioning Machine Translation in the Information Future, 4th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, AMTA 2000, Cuernavaca, Mexico, October 10-14, 2000.
	www.isi.edu /natural-language/mteval/refs.html (9280 words)

	Language in India
		Thus, messages are 'machine' translated essentially by using a customised dictionary and a translation memory created by human translators during the training phases.
		Generation of such lists and their use will enhance the quality of machine translation, since such bilingual databases intend to encompass the figurative senses expressed both in the source and the target texts for stylistic representation and better comprehension.
		Machine translation is an applied field and it is quite appropriate that the impetus for progress have come in a large part from the extra-linguistic sources. It is a specialised domain, which unlike most others, is an worthy test bed for linguistic theories (of syntax, semantics, pragmatics, and discourse), computational-linguistic methods (e.g.
	www.languageinindia.com /july2005/corpusmachinetranslation2.html (7439 words)

	SENSEVAL 3 tasks
		We will tag all of the predicating words and the head words of their arguments, and as many adjectives and adverbs as we can.
		The task will be very similar to the lexical sample task, except that rather than using the sense inventory from a dictionary we will follow the suggestion of Resnik and Yarowsky and use the translations of the target words into a second language as the "inventory".
		Heretofore, the focus of disambiguation has been on the sense inventory and has not examined the major reason why we would have lexical knowledge bases: how the meanings would be represented and thus, available for use in natural language processing applications.
	www.cs.unt.edu /~rada/senseval/senseval3/tasks.html (1984 words)

	Technical forum
		process using a variety of techniques, including “learning” (as in statistical modeling and machine learning), in both supervised form (where the answer is provided to the learning algorithm) and unsupervised form (where the system observes the data without knowing the answer and has to infer it).
		Common sense is acquired by the machine sensing its environment directly and learning from that experience.
		Other emerging areas include the study of machines that are based on models of brain behavior, and although these approaches are relatively immature and more speculative in nature than the technologies based on linguistic models, they may allow us to make new, significant, and perhaps revolutionary progress in
	www.research.ibm.com /journal/sj/413/forum.html (6647 words)

	Go
		His is virtually the at the head of the civil administration and all the important vast power.html">power of appointment through which he dispenses political.html">political rarely overridden.
		Every citizen as they strive in placid times to create a real issue of the an ostensible difference between them; or as they, in critical high-sounding platforms, the frenzied orators, the parades, mass lithographs, posters--all these paraphernalia are conjured up in Republican.
		But, from the standpoint of the professional politician, all this machine, that complex hierarchy of committees ranging from system, described in a former chapter, was perfected by the stress of national necessity.
	www.findword.org /go/go.html (445 words)

	Table of Contents
		Some systems recognize noun groups, that is, noun phrases up through the head noun, at this level, as well as verb groups, or verbs together with their auxiliaries.
		Appositives can be attached to their head nouns with high reliability, as can genitives, "of'' prepositional phrases, and perhaps some other prepositional phrases.
		More generally, lexical disambiguation generally happens by constraining the interpretation by the context in which the ambiguous word occurs, perhaps together with the a priori probabilities of each of the word senses.
	www.itl.nist.gov /iaui/894.02/related_projects/tipster/gen_ie.htm (2271 words)

	Machine head (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Machine head on a Squier Stratocaster electric guitar.
		The reverse of the Machine head on a "folk" steel-string acoustic guitar.
		---- The machine head is the part of a guitar or similar instrument and the end of the neck where strings are attached and where there is apparatus for tuning them.
	machine-head.iqnaut.net.cob-web.org:8888 (334 words)

	Machine Translation
		Machine translation (MT) is the application of computers to the task of translating texts from one natural language to another.
		The one clue Meaningful Machines has given about its software is that it will use new methods of statistically ranking the likelihood of what entire phrases mean, rather than just translating one word at a time.
		"Machine translation of human languages (for example, Japanese, English, Spanish) was one of the earliest goals of computer science research, and it remains an elusive one.
	www.aaai.org /AITopics/html/machtr.html (3395 words)

	Head Machine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Machine Head is a Heavy Metal/Groove Metal band, formed in 1992 in Oakland, California.
		This is a reproduction of the circa 1932 mills roman head mechanical 25-cent coin-op...
		This serging machine uses a righthand serging sewing head for serging one edge...
	www.profitmachine.us /profits/Head-Machine.php (931 words)

	Machine head (disambiguation) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A machine head is part of the tuning mechanism of some stringed instruments.
		Machine Head (deck), a Magic: the Gathering deck.
		"Machine Head" is also the name of a fictional crime boss in the comic series Invincible.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Machine_head_(disambiguation) (165 words)

	Analysis of dictionary definitions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The initial approaches concentrated on using the information explicitly provided, such as grammatical codes, with the exception that definitions were analyzed to establish the ISA hierarchies that were implicitly specified for the terms defined.
		Analysis of the definitions and example sentences yield further preference information; inductive machine learning techniques are used to generalize these (via the genus hierarchy) to cover a larger number of cases.
		For each pair of the senses for the head and the modifier of the sequence, the algorithm checks a series of rules, each of which lists criteria on the thematic relationship between the head and modifier.
	www.cs.nmsu.edu /~tomohara/comps_review/node32.html (2410 words)

	Jetfire (G1) - Teletraan-1: The Transformers Wiki - A Wikia wiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Early in the war on Earth, Shockwave held the head of Optimus Prime captive, hoping to use the Creation Matrix he possessed to create a new army of Decepticons.
		These loyalties came to a head during a period when Optimus Prime and Megatron were presumed lost forever, the two factions splintered into five.
		However, the source of these machinations, the Fallen, had leaked their correspondence to Grimlock, who held a grudge against the scientist.
	transformers.wikia.com /wiki/Jetfire_(G1) (3090 words)

	Chapter 1
		Efforts at machine intelligence were not focused entirely on such orderly domains as mathematics and science.
		For the Lisp machine was designed not as a lowest common denominator for many languagesmost of them written to solve mathematical equations or send out credit card bills.
		But the purveyors of Lisp machines were hoping for a bigger and more lucrative market than academia: the corporations whose leaders were beginning to get wind of a second information revolution, in which the power of the computer would be used not just for bookkeeping and calculating but for more complex and demanding tasks.
	sanacacio.net /machinery/chapter1.html (9815 words)

	The Daikon Invariant Detector User Manual: Front ends
		Disambiguation information entered here will apply to all instances of a struct/class of that type, at all program points.
		It is possible to use pointer type disambiguation while only tracing selected program points and/or variables in a target program, combining the functionality described in the 7.2.5 Pointer type disambiguation and 7.2.4 Tracing only part of a program sections.
		Note that since the output of wurzel is compilable source code, it is possible to perform the preprocessing on one machine and then compile, link, and run on another platform supported by Rational Purify.
	pag.csail.mit.edu /daikon/download/doc/daikon_manual_html/daikon_7.html (11425 words)

	Mirage (G1) - Teletraan-1: The Transformers Wiki - A Wikia wiki
		He was also planned to be released as a flipchanger, but the Generation 2 line was cancelled to make way for Beast Wars.
		The unreleased mold was first used in Machine Wars.
		Like the other Machine Wars basics, the toy is a flipchanger (having a one-step spring-loaded transformation), and his weapons are hidden in his alt mode.
	transformers.wikia.com /wiki/Mirage_(G1) (1592 words)

	Overview of Research Work (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		One of the primary goals of the natural language processing module at Webmind, Inc. was to produce semantic representations reflecting the meaning conveyed by individual sentences in a document.
		The integration of syntactic and semantic features into a single feature structure means that the semantics of a phrase is built automatically as a result of unification, through coindexing of appropriate components of the feature structures.
		The algorithm for disambiguation is to look at a window around each ambiguous word, and to allow all meanings of every word in that window to interact with any meanings of the target word that it has a relation to (relations are used to boost the likelihood of a particular meaning of the word).
	public.lanl.gov /verspoor/ResearchWork.htm (4421 words)

	LINGUIST List 12.964: Comp Ling in the Netherlands 1998
		The starting hypotheses were: (1) that the degree to which a lexical category is predictable can be shown quantitatively by machine learning techniques, and (2) that memory-based learning succeeds in successfully learning lexical categories, irrespective of their degree of arbitrariness.
		Simple, language-specific rules are then applied to give account of the combination of signs according to their Left Periphery values: for example, determiners such as 'none' or 'mine' are restricted to combining with nominal constituents whose left periphery is empty, while 'no' and 'my' require a nominal constituent with a full left periphery.
		The most important problem for the application consists of disambiguation of the word graph used for representing all sequences of words that the speech recognizer hypothesizes for a spoken utterance.
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/issues/12/12-964.html (2672 words)

	The Preposition Project
		These labels are intended to be used in characterizing prepositional phrases, after using criteria laid out in the complement and attachment syntactic and semantic properties for disambiguating the prepositions.
		In addition to identifying the instances for the lexicographer to use in characterizing the different senses of a preposition, an XML file of the sentences themselves is also generated.
		The machine learning algorithms deployed in Senseval for the semantic roles task may prove to be the most appropriate set of techniques.
	www.clres.com /prepositions.html (3506 words)

	Natural Language Processing (NLP) at Cornell
		Our goal is to determine the conditions under which machine learning methods can offer a cost-effective approach to knowledge acquisition for NLP systems.
		Coreference is a key task in a number of NLP applications and is often cited as one of the most difficult problems in NLP owing to its reliance on sophisticated world knowledge.
		In contrast to most existing coreference resolution algorithms that employ hand-crafted heuristics and filters, we are interested in applying both supervised and unsupervised machine learning techniques to the construction of robust and portable coreference systems.
	www.cs.cornell.edu /Info/Projects/NLP (1879 words)

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