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Topic: Machine code

	machine code Computer Encyclopedia Enterprise Resource Directory Complete Guide to Internet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A program in machine code consists of a sequence of machine instructions (possibly interspersed with data).
		Execution of machine code may either be {hard-wired} into the {central processing unit} or it may be controlled by {microcode}.
		Instead, they use a programming language which is translated by the computer into machine code.
	www.jaysir.com /computer-encyclopedia/m/machine-code-computer-terms.htm (211 words)

	Machine Code Definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Machine code, also called machine language, is a computer language that is directly understandable by a computer's CPU (central processing unit), and it is the language into which all programs must be converted before they can be run.
		After the source code for a program has been written by one or more humans in a programming language (e.g., C or C++), it is compiled (i.e., converted) into machine code by a specialized program called a compiler, or by an assembler in the case of assembly language.
		Machine code is extremely difficult for humans to read because it consists merely of patterns of bits (i.e., zeros and ones).
	www.bellevuelinux.org /machine_code.html (247 words)

	IBM Machine Warranties: Machine Code
		Machine Code is licensed only for use to enable a Machine to function in accordance with its Specifications and only for the capacity and capability for which you are authorized by IBM and for which payment is received by IBM.
		The IBM License Agreement for Machine Code specifies the terms and conditions applicable to certain Machine Code and is available in multiple languages.
		Machine Code is supported under the same warranty terms as the Machine with which it is acquired.
	www-03.ibm.com /servers/eserver/support/machine_warranties/machine_code.html (180 words)

	machine code - a Whatis.com definition
		Machine code is the elemental language of computers, consisting of a stream of 0's and 1's.
		This machine code is stored as an executable file until someone tells the computer's operating system to run it.
		A dump is a printout that shows the program in its machine code form, but since putting it in 0's and 1's would be hard to read, each four bits (of 0's and 1's) are represented by a single hexadecimal numeral.
	whatis.techtarget.com /gDefinition/0,294236,sid44_gci212507,00.html (308 words)

	Machine Code Insertions
		Machine code statements, consisting of qualified expressions that fit the requirements of RM section 13.8.
		It can be set to the literal value True to indicate to the code generator that all optimizations with respect to the instruction specified should be suppressed, and that in particular, for an instruction that has outputs, the instruction will still be generated, even if none of the outputs are used.
		This means that adding a small integer (actually, the width in bytes of the operand, as determined by its machine mode) may be added to the address and the result is also a valid memory address.
	www.xgc.com /manuals/erc32-ada-rms/machinecodeinsertions.html (2238 words)

	P-Code machine - Free net encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The p-Code machine was the target of some early Pascal implementations, where the program was translated to p-code (a kind of bytecode) instructions, rather than to machine code instructions.
		It is much easier to write a small (compared to the size of the compiler) p-code interpreter for a new machine, as opposed to changing a compiler to generate native code for the same machine.
		Generating machine code is one of the more complicated parts of writing a compiler.
	www.netipedia.com /index.php/P-code_machine (1024 words)

	The Nonowt eZine X - First Steps in Machine Code - Part 1 - Basic Concepts
		I hope it is clear from my description what constitutes machine code; it is the sequence of numbers held in the computer's memory which give the CPU instructions on what to do.
		Machine code is a series of numbers stored in the computer's memory; these numbers need to be kept in a safe place where they can remain undisturbed by the invisible workings of BASIC.
		So far, the machine code examples have not been earth-shattering, but, as it is said, from acorns (small a!) mighty oaks do grow.
	www.nonowt.com /magfold/mcodefol/mcode1.html (2359 words)

	[No title]
		The assembler language code that a C compiler produces as "object" code is source code for the assembler.
		Executable binary code has much of the same expressive content as code written in a symbolic language, be it assembly language or a higher level language such as C or Lisp.
		And the equivalent in the C code of Appendix A is the sequence "i
	www-2.cs.cmu.edu /~dst/DeCSS/object-code.txt (1426 words)

	Sinclair User 38 - Machine Code (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		When writing in machine code all instructions are stored as one or two numbers in the range 0 to 255.
		That, however, is not very convenient for the machine code programmer, so assembly language uses a program in the computer to convert three- or four- letter codes into the machine code numbers.
		The assembly code for such a routine is given in figure four.
	www.sincuser.f9.co.uk /038/mcode.htm (1776 words)

	LMI K-Machine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The hardware was significantly debugged by April 1986 and an effort to port the legacy Lisp Machine code to the K-machine was underway.
		CDR codes take their toll in increasing memory references (the CAR must be examined before the CDR can be located), and reduced address space (2-bits per pointer reserved for every object in the system).
		Thus, when the condition codes are generated by the ALU, the conditional branch is in the instruction register and the machine can then decide whether to follow the branch at this point.
	home.comcast.net /~prunesquallor/kmachine.htm (5986 words)

	The New Jersey Machine-Code Toolkit
		Code pointed to by thick, dashed arrows is generated by the toolkit.
		code generator is generated automatically from a BURG specification [cite fraser:burg], which rewrites intermediate-code subtrees to assembly-language templates; the rest of the code generator is written by hand.
		It may be increasingly useful to compress machine code as the gap between processor speeds and secondary storage widens.
	www.eecs.harvard.edu /~nr/pubs/tk-usenix.html (7358 words)

	Inline Machine Code Interface : Introduction
		The SAS/C inline machine code interface feature extends the capabilities of your C program by enabling you to write more efficient code and to incorporate instructions that cannot normally be generated with a high-level language.
		This discussion of the inline machine code interface is intended primarily for experienced MVS and CMS systems programmers.
		An inline machine code sequence is ended by any C code other than a call to a machine code function, including a control structure such as the
	support.sas.com /documentation/onlinedoc/sasc/doc/clug/zinlinin.htm (1493 words)

	Machine code software downloads (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Breadmaker machines have become enormously popular in recent years and it is not difficult to understand why.
		The virtual gambling machine American Slots simulates two different slotmachines: a fair and detailed antiquarian 3 reel slotmachine from the 30´s (but with new functions!) and a traditional minor 4 reel slotmachine.
		Apex SQL Code is a Rapid Application Development (RAD) Code Generation tool for Microsoft® SQL Server© 7 or 2000 that enables you to automatically generate thousands of lines of perfect ASP, VB, C#, SQL (and more) code in just seconds.
	www.freedownloadsoft.com /Machine+code (499 words)

	Copyright, Machine Code, and Compilers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		That description is, of course, grossly oversimplified, but it does do a fairly good job of distinguishing the source code written by an author from the object code--aka ``machine code''--that is produced by a compiler and that can be executed by an appropriately programmed computer.
		What the courts have so far overlooked is that in the case of programs written in compiled languages like C or Fortran the compiler not only converts the author's source code into object code that can be executed by the machine but it also filters out any of the author's original expression.
		select and arrange the subroutines that make up the machine code and in the process necessarily remove the original expression--if there was any--of the program's author.
	samsara.law.cwru.edu /blog/archive3/Copyright_Machine_Code_Comp.html (702 words)

	Translating Assembly Code to Machine Code (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Given a machine language instruction be able to determine what the assembler form of the instruction is.
		Machine language instructions are encoded in one of several standard formats, discussed below.
		The SR codes for the ES (00), CS (01), SS (10), DS (11) are given in the Segment Register table.
	www2.hawaii.edu /~sdunan/ics312/outlines/topic18/mach_lang.html (562 words)

	Inline Machine Code Interface : Introduction
		Because of this difference, it is essential that the compiler be able to distinguish where inline machine code sequences begin and end.
		After the occurrence of a non-machine-code construct, the contents of registers are unpredictable and, in general, will not be preserved from any previous machine code function calls.
		You can change mode within an inline code sequence so long as the mode is restored before returning to normal C code.
	support.sas.com /documentation/onlinedoc/sasc/doc750/html/clug/zinlinin.htm (1744 words)

	Program Transformation Wiki / Machine Code Decompilers
		Decompilation of machine code programs usually requires a general approach.
		This approach analyses the semantics of the executable, and from this derives an equivalent source file, without making use of knowledge about which compiler was used to generate the executable.
		The generated source code might not resemble the original at all.
	www.program-transformation.org /Transform/MachineCodeDecompilers (193 words)

	Machine Code Insertions
		A machine code insertion can be achieved by a call to a subprogram whose
		Ramification: Note that this is not a note; without this rule, it would be possible to write machine code in compilation units which depend on System.Machine_Code only indirectly.
		Discussion: The idea is that the author of a machine code subprogram knows the calling conventions, and refers to parameters and results accordingly.
	www.adaic.org /standards/95aarm/html/AA-13-8.html (276 words)

	Machine Code
		The code isn't quite clean though, since the INC operation might taint the "Carry" flag, and possibly the "Overflow" flag.
		The idea with the basic code, is that on the C64 you could not enter MachineCode directly, so this program will first "poke" the program into memory, and then make a SYStem call sys(32768 +32) to activate the code just poked in.
		Another note: The code executed by a VirtualMachine (as opposed to directly executed by a physically constructed processor) is often called ByteCode.
	c2.com /cgi/wiki?MachineCode (1103 words)

	Sinclair User 40 - Machine Code (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This small piece of code has the effect of placing the value of 2^A into HL, assuming that A is greater than zero and not too large to cause HL to overflow.
		The code from EA88 to EA94 scrolls the necessary characters down by seven pixel lines, and the code to EAA2 finds the value of the next byte to be placed on the screen from the Spectrum character set.
		Control codes are indicated by cc before the character, and are obtained by pressing CAPS SHIFT while in extended mode.
	www.sincuser.f9.co.uk /040/mcode.htm (1884 words)

	What is code? - A Word Definition From the Webopedia Computer Dictionary
		The code that a programmer writes is called source code.
		After it has been compiled, it is called object code.
		Code that is ready to run is called executable code or machine code.
	www.webopedia.com /TERM/p/code.html (293 words)

	machine code - Definitions from Dictionary.com
		code consists of a sequence of machine instructions (possibly
		Execution of machine code may either be hard-wired into the
		for the "op codes" (the part of the instruction which
	dictionary.reference.com /search?q=machine%20code (278 words)

	Morse Code Teaching Machine
		The old salts of radio are out there, still pounding the brass, and willing to chat with anyone who makes a credible effort to enter their world.
		I programmed it for a handful of machines: the MITS Altair, the Wintek control module and a HAL Communications board we got donated to the ham club.
		The idea is to have no-code hams practice copying code from their 2-meter walkie-talkies.
	c2.com /~ward/morse/morse.html (1569 words)

	Compiling Machine Code with GCJ
		The GNU Compiler for Java allows you to compile Java source to bytecode or machine code, and Java bytecode to machine code.
		Getting started with GCJ isn't an easy task right now because it is still in development, but the latest source codes are available from ftp://gcc.gnu.org/pub/gcc/releases/index.html.
		The GCJ native code compiler is now accessible as the gcj command.
	www.devx.com /getHelpOn/10MinuteSolution/20430 (631 words)

	CodeGuru Forums - Machine Code Programming
		I know the way to write the machine code but do not know how to execute that code.
		Once you have compiled it you will need to get your compiled code into a bootsector of a harddisk partition.
		There are certain demands to a bootsector before a computer will execute it, but if it meets the demands, the computer will start up with the code in the bootsector.
	www.codeguru.com /forum/showthread.php?t=383666 (237 words)

	GPMachine: a GNU pseudo-machine (interpreting P-Code)
		machine by Yiti group but has largely been rewritten to perform type checking on-the-fly, thus ensuring that erroneous compiled code can be detected sooner.
		By providing some additional information in the PCode (in comments), it shall be possible to open up the source file from which the PCode has been generated (from the GPMachine GUI) and jump to the line where the PCounter currently resides.
		This documentation shall be written in the code and generated with a free and portable tool, namely Doxygen (v2.0 30% OK).
	www.info.fundp.ac.be /~gpm (1214 words)

	Amazon.com: Write Great Code: Volume 1: Understanding the Machine: Books: Randall Hyde (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		And since Write Great Code Vol I concentrates on the machine organization, not assembly language, the reader will learn in greater depth those subjects that are language-independent and of concern to a high level language programmer.
		On the whole it is rather machine independent (hard to do in today's world where the Pentium class machines are so prevalent), so if you are working on a Power PC or an ARM chip the material here would still have value.
		With today's processors running at gigahertz speeds with scads of memory, an argument can be made that the size of the code or the number of cycles it takes is almost insignificant.
	www.amazon.com /Write-Great-Code-Understanding-Machine/dp/1593270038 (1936 words)

	CNC Machine Language: G-Code List
		G-Code is one of a number of computer code languages that are used to instruct CNC machining devices what motions they need to perform such as work coordinates, canned cycles, and multiple repetitive cycles.
		Industry has standardized on G-Code as its basic set of CNC machine codes.
		Some G words alter the state of the machine so that it changes from cutting straight lines to cutting arcs.
	www.teskolaser.com /gcode_list.html (155 words)

	NJ Machine-Code Toolkit
		If you think you might want to use the toolkit, a reference manual and source distribution are available.
		There are annotated specifications (read the report or browse the source directory for the MIPS, SPARC, Intel Pentium, and Alpha, which show how to use the toolkit to describe real machines.
		Relocating machine instructions by currying, Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN '96 Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, in SIGPLAN Notices 31, 5 (May 1996), 226-236.
	www.eecs.harvard.edu /~nr/toolkit (552 words)

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