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Topic: Machine translation

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	Machine translation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Machine translation, sometimes referred to by the acronym MT, is a sub-field of computational linguistics that investigates the use of computer software to translate text or speech in between natural languages.
		Machine translation can use a method based on linguistic rules, which means that words will be translated in a linguistic way — the most suitable (orally speaking) words of the target language will replace the ones in the source language.
		Machine translation can use a method based on dictionary entries, which means that the words will be translated as a dictionary does — word by word, usually without much correlation of meaning between them.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Machine_translation (1598 words)

	Translation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Translation of sung texts is generally much more restrictive than translation of poetry, because in the former there is little or no freedom to choose between a versified translation and a translation that dispenses with verse structure.
		Machine translation (MT) is a form of translation where a computer program analyses the source text and produces a target text without human intervention.
		Cultural translation is a concept used in cultural studies to denote the process of transformation, linguistic or otherwise, in a given culture.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Translation (4589 words)

	Machine Translation: a brief history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Machine translation is not primarily an area of abstract intellectual inquiry but the application of computer and language sciences to the development of systems answering practical needs.
		Translation is thus in two stages: from SL to the interlingua (IL) and from the IL to the TL.
		Translation was seen as a series of decoding and encoding processes, from the graphemic stratum of SL text through its morphemic and lexemic strata to a sememic stratum, from which TL text could be generated by passing through a similar series of strata.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/WJHutchins/Conchist.htm (9939 words)

	MACHINE TRANSLATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		TRANSLATION is the process or result of turning the expressions of one language (the source language) into the expressions of another (the target language), so that the meanings correspond.
		MT systems are intended to perform translation without human intervention; they are solely responsible for the complete translation process from input of the source text to output of the target text, using special programs, comprehensive dictionaries, and collections of linguistic rules.
		It is unlikely that machine will ever replace human translators; but they can undoubtedly help to take a great deal of the drudgery out of routine translation work, and enable far more material to be processed than would otherwise be the case.
	www.humanities.mcmaster.ca /~hccrs/ssmusicwebpage/TRANSLAT.HTM (602 words)

	Wikipedia Machine Translation Project - Meta
		A Translation Memory is a computer program that uses a database of old translations to help a human translator.
		Information about the most popular sentences and expressions can be used to create a translation database of such expressions so translators don't need to repeat a translation.
		Machine translation (MT), and the future of the translation industry http://accurapid.com/journal/15mt.htm
	meta.wikimedia.org /wiki/Wikipedia_Machine_Translation_Project (686 words)

	Machine Translation
		Machine Translation (MT) can be defined as a translation where the initiative is with a computer system, either autonomously (FAHQT = Fully Automatic High Quality Translation) or where the user is asked to apply post-editing or pre-editing, or to answer clarification / disambiguation dialogues.
		Translating Japanese sentences always means to rearrange the constituents from left to right of a verb and vice versa with translations from English.
		Instead, translation should be processed on lexical level, if possible, on syntactic level, if possible etc. The most flexible way seems to be a system with variable depth, which can decide, on which level a similarity between the source language and the target language can be established for which phenomena.
	www.racai.ro /awd/awd16/hahn.html (2393 words)

	NIST 2005 Machine Translation Evaluation Results (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The NIST 2005 Machine Translation Evaluation (MT-05) was part of an ongoing series of evaluations of human language translation technology.
		Each translation agency was required to have native speaker(s) of the source and target languages, working on their translations.
		Machine translation quality was measured automatically using an N-gram co-occurrence statistic metric developed by IBM and referred to as BLEU.
	www.nist.gov /speech/tests/mt/mt05eval_official_results_release_20050801_v3.html (1107 words)

	Machine Translation and Computer-Assisted Translation
		The first versions of machine translation programs were based on detailed bilingual dictionaries that offered a number of equivalent words in the target language for each word listed in the source language, as well as a series of rules on word order.
		Machine translations are therefore often inaccurate because they take the words from a dictionary and follow the situational limitations set by the program designer.
		Translating with the help of the computer is definitely not the same as working exclusively on paper and with paper products such as conventional dictionaries, because computer tools provide us with a relationship to the text which is much more flexible than a purely lineal reading.
	www.accurapid.com /journal/29computers.htm (6344 words)

	Waggish: Machine Translation
		That depth survives in translation, in all the translations, for--however subjective assertions of "goodness" surely are when assessing literary quality--greatness is calculable, irrefutable, inviolable: a great writer survives any translation.
		This case is somewhat undermined by the fact that two of the three Proust translations that Mason mentions (the new one and the Moncrieff/Kilmartin/Enright) are strikingly similar, and the third is not very good at all.
		You'd rely on the translator's appreciation for the nuances of the original language, appreciation for the subtext, the message of the movie, etc. The quality of the product would be entirely a property of the translation effort, and regardless, what is important to one person is not what's important to another.
	www.waggish.org /2005/01/machine_translation.html (906 words)

	Translation - Machine Translation for Free - Machine
		A machine translation service which allows you to copy text into a box, which it will proceed to translate for you.
		A machine translation service which allows you to copy text into a box or web pages, which it will proceed to translate for you.
		A machine translation service which allows you to either provide a URL, which it will obtain and deliver to you in the language you select, or copy text into a box, which it will proceed to translate for you.
	www.translatum.gr /dics/mt.htm (1087 words)

	Machine Translation
		A single natural-ish language at the core of the translation process allows most of the knowledge engineering to be done on the central language, with the interface with other languages consisting mainly on getting possible parse trees.
		All possible parses for each sentence are generated, and passed to the next level, on the assumption that pragmatic and semantic constraints can be relied on for disambiguation.
		This involves a process parallel to the generation of the Esperanto text, although it's a lot cleaner, since Esperanto is a more regular language, and it was generated by a machine, so everything is in a cannonical format.
	www-rohan.sdsu.edu /~ling354/MT-eg.html (392 words)

	MT means Mad Translation, not Machine Translation (or Automatic Translation) ! SPEECH TO SPEECH is a BSTL-Technology !
		The translation chosen by the automatic translator was 'la pression', meaning the act of pushing something firmly...
		Translation is a very difficult thing requiring much feeling and understanding of cultural aspects, which is not available in a computer.
		Imagine then that you have received an enquiry about your activities and after the reading of the bad automatic translation result, you think that you don't meet the requirements of the sender when in fact you are ready to answer his request...
	www.fortunecity.com /business/reception/19 (2630 words)

	Translation Research Group - TTT.org: Barker Lecture
		The point of these sentences for human versus computer translation is that a human translator would know to handle the variation "Fruit flies like a peach" very differently from the baseball version while a computer would probably not even notice the difference and therefore could never replace a human translator.
		This example of bad human translation is interesting because it was most likely done by a human yet in a manner similar to the way computers translate.
		The fact of the matter is that machine translation is a problem that is far from solved.
	www.ttt.org /theory/posters.html (1927 words)

	MLIM: Chapter 4
		Machine translation is probably the oldest application of natural language processing.
		Machine Translation was the first computer-based application related to natural language, starting after World War II, when Warren Weaver suggested using ideas from cryptography and information theory.
		Cheap translation assistants, often little more than bilingual lexicons with rudimentary morphological analysis and some text processing capability, are making their way to market to help small companies and individuals write foreign letters, email, and business reports.
	www.cs.cmu.edu /~ref/mlim/chapter4.html (6050 words)

	Machine translation and computer-based translation - publications by John Hutchins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Evaluation of machine translation and translation tools In: Survey of the state of the art in human language technology.
		Machine translation: half a century of research and use.
		The history of machine translation in a nutshell.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/WJHutchins (1202 words)

	EAMT \| MT
		The archaic-sounding term MT is — for historical reasons — nowadays primarily associated with standalone translation programs, whereas the translation software now available runs the gamut from simple dictionary lookup programs used as word-processor a add-ons to sophsticated batch-translation systems based on relational databases running under Unix.
		Another viable application for MT is content scanning, that is, using a translation system simply to obtain a rough draft so as to be able to get the general gist of a text.
		Comprehending the enormous complexity of translating human language and the inherent limitations of the current generation of translation programs is essential to understanding MT today.
	www.eamt.org /mt.html (294 words)

	SYSTRAN - Technology - MT Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Machine Translation is the process that utilizes computer software to translate text from one natural language into another.
		This definition accounts for the grammatical structure of each language and uses rules and assumptions to transfer the grammatical structure of the source language (text to be translated) into the target language (translated text).
		The goal is to prepare new generation MT systems to improve translation quality and robustness over multi-agent, multi-threaded architecture.
	www.systransoft.com /Technology (302 words)

	Machine Translation Postediting site by Jeff Allen
		In Robert E. Frederking, Kathryn Taylor (Eds.): Machine Translation: From Real Users to Research, 6th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, AMTA 2004, Washington, DC, USA, September 28-October 2, 2004, Proceedings.
		Translated from German to English by Geoffrey Koby, Gregory Shreve, Katjz Mischerikow and Sarah Litzer) Translation Studies series.
		Abstract: The ELRA survey on evolution of languages in speech and machine translation products was conducted between March and June 2000 with the objective of analyzing technology providers' offer with respect to languages in these domains.
	www.geocities.com /mtpostediting (2050 words)

	Google Translator: The Universal Language
		To the translation system, any language is treated the same, and there is no manually created rule-set of grammar, metaphors and such.
		This is the Rosetta Stone approach of translation.
		This one is the most obvious: Google will still allow you to translate any document from their search results by the click of a link.
	blog.outer-court.com /archive/2005-05-22-n83.html (993 words)

	Machine Translation Engine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Free translation with 20 different on-line machine translation systems from a single screen.
		Have various online machine translation systems translate your texts simultaneously, compare the results and select the one that best suits your needs.
		tool for centralised access to machine translation (MT) tools.
	www.foreignword.com /Tools/transnow.htm (54 words)

	Wired 8.05: Machine Translation's Past and Future
		The outcome is a halt in federal funding for machine translation R&D. Baum and colleagues at the Institute for Defense Analyses (IDA) in Princeton, New Jersey, develop hidden Markov models, the mathematical backbone of continuous-speech recognition.
		Logos releases e.Sense Enterprise Translation, the first Web-enabled multiple translator operating from a single server.
		Southern California translates to "Janoub Kalyfornya" in Arabic.
	www.wired.com /wired/archive/8.05/timeline.html (1265 words)

	Machine Translation - Home
		Microsoft Researchs MT (MSR-MT) system is such a data-driven system, and it has been customized to translate Microsoft technical materials through the automatic processing of hundreds of thousands of sentences from Microsoft product documentation and support articles, together with their corresponding translations.
		During translation of new source text (runtime in the figure), the same parser employed during training is used to parse the text and produce a representative LF.
		The LF is then matched against the LF mappings stored in MindNet in a graph-matching procedure known as MindMeld." The corresponding target portions of each LF are then stitched together during Transfer" processing, with recourse to the dictionary of word pairs as needed, to yield a target language LF.
	research.microsoft.com /nlp/Projects/MTproj.aspx (740 words)

	EAMT \| Home
		The European Association for Machine Translation (EAMT) is an organization that serves the growing community of people interested in MT and translation tools, including users,
		The EAMT is one of three regional associations of the International Association for Machine Translation (IAMT).
		Its sister organizations are the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas (AMTA) and the Asian-Pacific Association for Machine Translation (AAMT).
	www.eamt.org (187 words)

	LING 361: Machine Translation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This is a four-part segment on Machine Translation (MT).
		In this lecture, we look at what is involved in MT by exploring what is involved in even simple word-for-word translation using a dictionary.
		Kathi was involved in the recent DARPA Machine Translation evaluation effort; she discusses the design and implementation of the evaluation, and results for human and machine translations.
	www.georgetown.edu /cball/ling361/ling361_mt.html (169 words)

	CMU/Language Technologies Institute:Research
		The Center for Machine Translation (CMT) at the School of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University conducts advanced research and development in a suite of technologies for natural language processing, with a primary focus on high-quality multi-lingual machine translation.
		The CMT was founded in 1986, and currently supports about 50 full-time faculty, staff and students.
		This page is maintained by The LTI Webmaster, and was last updated September 23, 2005.
	www.lti.cs.cmu.edu /Research/CMT-home.html (102 words)

	translator,Arabic machine translation software, dictionary,multilingual,Arabic, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Line of applications includes machine translation (MT) for more than a dozen different language pairs; multilingual information retrieval with query and topic search capabilities; name-finding applications; and integrated suites providing speech recognition and translation (e.g.
		CAT Computer Aided Translation Memory (TM) for SET
		Our Dictionaries, machine translation, translation memory, and lexicons multilingual
	www.aramedia.com /aschome.htm (144 words)

	alphaWorks : Machine Translation : Overview
		A technology that automatically translates text, HTML, or Otext (used with Lotus applications) from one human language into another.
		Parts of Machine Translation have become a supported IBM product
		No researcher information for Machine Translation is available at this time.
	www.alphaworks.ibm.com /tech/mt (53 words)

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