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	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Oswald Avery was born in 1877 in Halifax, Nova Scotia.
		Maclyn McCarty was born in South Bend, Indiana.
		McCarty had been drafted in 1942 and did most of the work in a naval uniform as part of the naval research unit based at Rockefeller Hospital.
	www.dnaftb.org /dnaftb/concept_17/con17bio.html (825 words)

	Pioneering Geneticist Maclyn McCarty Dies (washingtonpost.com)
		Maclyn McCarty, 93, a Rockefeller University physician and microbiologist who was the last surviving member of a three-person team that made one of the most momentous discoveries in the history of genetics, died Jan. 2 of congestive heart failure at St. Luke's Roosevelt University Hospital in New York City.
		McCarty, the junior member of the group, used his skills at purification to produce in a test tube a highly refined substance consisting of DNA uncontaminated with protein.
		Maclyn McCarty was born in South Bend, Ind. He graduated from Stanford University in 1933 and received his medical degree from Johns Hopkins University in 1937.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-dyn/articles/A51934-2005Jan5.html (691 words)

	The Rockefeller University: News & Notes
		Maclyn McCarty, the sole surviving member of the Rockefeller team that discovered that genes are made of DNA, received the Centennial David Rockefeller Award for Extraordinary Service.
		McCarty, Avery and Colin MacLeod were the first to precipitate DNA from bacteria, and using enzymes to degrade different classes of molecules, they showed that DNA was the transforming factor.
		McCarty went on to purify and crystallize for the first time the DNAse enzyme to absolutely verify that the genetic material was DNA, and to lay to rest the skepticism of some that it was of protein origin.
	www.rockefeller.edu /pubinfo/news_notes/062201/062201b.html (551 words)

	Headlines@Hopkins: Johns Hopkins University News Releases
		Maclyn McCarty, a world-renowned medical researcher and retired physician and administrator at what is now Rockefeller University, has been awarded an honorary doctorate by The Johns Hopkins University.
		McCarty, who earned his medical degree from Johns Hopkins in 1937 and was an intern and resident at Johns Hopkins Hospital until 1940, joined the faculty of what was then called the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research in 1941.
		McCarty, who won the 1994 Albert Lasker Award for Special Achievement in Medical Science, is a 1933 graduate of Stanford University.
	www.jhu.edu /news_info/news/univ01/jun01/maclyn.html (226 words)

	Chemistry 2301 - Fall 2003
		Maclyn McCarty, later joined by Rollin Hotchkiss, added much to the repertoire of enzymatic and analytical refinements for the exclusion of protein from the DNA preparations.
		Avery had consummated this research at the very end of his career, and died in 1955 before a full round of recognition could be fulfilled.
		The survivor of that team, Maclyn Mc-Carty, has written a vibrant memoir that is a model for expert and methodical tackling of very difficult technical problems (The Transforming Principle, New York, W.W. Norton & Co. Inc., 1985).
	www.chem.umn.edu /class/2301/barany03f/handouts/honoring.htm (2066 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Biographical Memoirs V.62 (1993)
		McCarty had been in Tillett's laboratory at New York University for a year when he was awarded a National Research Council fellowship in the medical sciences.
		McCarty showed the letter to Tillett, who knew that MacLeod would be leaving Avery's laboratory in July to assume the chairmanship of the Department of Microbiology at New York University.
		Avery agreed, and McCarty moved to the Rockefeller Institute, where he began to pursue the course that would lead to his pivotal contributions to the delineation of the biochemical nature and establishment of the pneumococcal transforming principle as DNA.
	www.nap.edu /books/030904782X/html/392.html (496 words)

	STANFORD Magazine: March/April 2005 > Class Notes > McCarty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		RICHARD E. remembers what a treat it was to accompany his father, Maclyn, to his lab at the Rockefeller Institute (now Rockefeller University) in Manhattan.
		McCarty became ill while attending a matinee of The Rivals at Lincoln Center on January 2.
		McCarty is survived by his second wife, Marjorie Fried; sons Richard and Colin Avery; daughter Dale Dinunzio; stepson Paul Steiner; eight grandchildren; and five great-grandchildren.
	www.stanfordalumni.org /news/magazine/2005/marapr/classnotes/mccarty.html (499 words)

	cantonrep.com
		Maclyn McCarty, the last surviving member of the Manhattan team who provided the world's first convincing evidence that genes are made of DNA, died Sunday in Manhattan of congestive heart failure.
		McCarty was born in South Bend, Ind., on June 9, 1911, and graduated from Stanford University in 1933.
		McCarty is survived by his wife, Marjorie of Manhattan; two sons, Richard E., and Colin Avery McCarty; a daughter, Dale Dinunzio; eight grandchildren and five great-grandchildren.
	www.cantonrep.com /index.php?Category=23&ID=201285&r=1 (601 words)

	Maclyn McCarty - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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		Maclyn McCarty (June 9, 1911–January 2, 2005) was an American geneticist.
		In 1944 he, Oswald Avery and Collin Macleod followed up on Griffith's experiment.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Maclyn_McCarty (126 words)

	genome.gov \| ONLINE Education Kit - 1944
		Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty showed that DNA (not proteins) can transform the properties of cells, clarifying the chemical nature of genes.
		The bacteriologists were interested in the difference between two strains of Streptococci that Frederick Griffith had identified in 1923: one, the S (smooth) strain, has a polysaccharide coat and produces smooth, shiny colonies on a lab plate; the other, the R (rough) strain, lacks the coat and produces colonies that look rough and irregular.
		But Avery and McCarty observed that proteases — enzymes that degrade proteins — did not destroy the transforming principle.
	www.genome.gov /Pages/Education/Kit/main.cfm?pageid=28 (348 words)

	A gene is made of DNA.
		Maclyn McCarty is Professor Emeritus at the Rockefeller University.
		Avery, Oswald, MacLeod, Colin, and McCarty, Maclyn, 1944, Studies on the Chemical Nature of the Substance Inducing Transformation of Pneumococcal Types, Journal of Exp. Med.
		McCarty, Maclyn, 1985, The Transforming Principle: Discovering that Genes Are Made of DNA, W.W. Norton & Company, New York.
	www.bioservers.org /dnaftb/text/17 (2359 words)

	Maclyn McCarty -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Maclyn McCarty (June 9, 1911–January 2, 2005) was an (A native or inhabitant of the United States) American geneticist.
		In 1944 he, (additional info and facts about Oswald Avery) Oswald Avery and (additional info and facts about Collin Macleod) Collin Macleod followed up on (additional info and facts about Griffith's experiment) Griffith's experiment.
		At his death in 2005, he worked for (additional info and facts about Rockefeller University) Rockefeller University, where he had worked for 60 years, researching (A severe disease chiefly of children and characterized by painful inflammation of the joints and frequently damage to the heart valves) rheumatic fever.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/m/ma/maclyn_mccarty1.htm (163 words)

	Discovering genes are made of DNA : Nature
		Maclyn McCarty is the sole surviving member of the team that made the remarkable discovery that DNA is the material of inheritance.
		In 1944, in what was arguably the defining moment for nucleic acid research, Oswald Avery, Maclyn McCarty and Colin MacLeod, at Rockefeller Institute (now University) Hospital, New York, proved that DNA was the material of inheritance, the so-called stuff of life.
		And the fact that McCarty, Avery and MacLeod were not awarded the Nobel prize is an oversight that, to this day, still puzzles.
	www.nature.com /nature/journal/v421/n6921/abs/nature01398.html (256 words)

	Maclyn McCarty Biography / Biography of Maclyn McCarty Microbiology and Immunology Biography
		Maclyn McCarty is a distinguished bacteriologist who has done important work on the biology of Streptococci and the origins of rheumatic fever, but he is best known for his involvement in early experiments which established the function of DNA.
		The three men published an article describing their experiment in 1944, and their work opened the way for further studies in bacteriological physiology, the most important of which was the demonstration of the chemical structure of DNA by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953.
		His father worked for the Studebaker Corporation and the family moved often, with McCarty attending five schools in three different cities by the time he reached the sixth grade.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-maclyn-mccarty-wmi (237 words)

	Curtis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Maclyn McCarty also worked with the scientific staff at Rockefeller University.
		This is consistent with with the idea that biologic activity is the result of a highly polymerized nucleic acid.
		The data that Avery, Macleod, and McCarty obtained allowed them to conclude that nucleic acids of the deoxyribose type are responsible for transformation.
	www.mun.ca /biology/scarr/4241/curtis.html (844 words)

	University of Miami School of Medicine - Glossary - Transforming principle
		In 1944 Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty published their discovery that the transforming principle was DNA.
		In the early 1940s Oswald T. Avery and Maclyn McCarty, a colleague at the Rockefeller Institute Hospital, began concentrating on the problem of pneumococcal transformation.
		Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty published their discovery that the transforming principle was DNA in 1944 in the Journal of Experimental Medicine.
	www.med.miami.edu /glossary/art.asp?ArticleKey=24824 (358 words)

	GNN - Genetics and Genomics Timeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Oswald T. Avery (1877-1955), Maclyn McCarty (1911-) and Colin MacLeod (1909-1972) identify deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as the "transforming principle" responsible for specific characteristics in bacteria
		By the 1940s, genes were understood as discrete units of heredity, which also generate the enzymes that control metabolic functions.
		Together with Colin MacLeod and Maclyn McCarty, Avery undertook to purify—from some twenty gallons of bacteria—what he called the "transforming factor." As early as 1936, Avery noted that it did not seem to be a protein or carbohydrate, but a nucleic acid.
	www.genomenewsnetwork.org /resources/timeline/1944_Avery.php (563 words)

	Finding Aid to the Oswald T. Avery Collection, 1909-1998
		Particularly noteworthy are 10 sets of notes from the Avery laboratory (1940-46) with captions by Maclyn McCarty and 6 photographs of the Rockefeller Institute Hospital Staff (1923-49/50) as well as several candid snapshots of Avery.
		-- McCarty, Maclyn, "Some Observations on the Early History of DNA," Speech delivered at the opening of the Institute of Human Virology [?], 18 November 1996, Typewritten Document (photocopy).
		-- McCarty, Maclyn, "Some Observations on the Early History of DNA, " Speech delivered at the opening of the Institute of Human Virology [?], 18 November 1996, Typewritten Document (photocopy).
	wwwils.nlm.nih.gov /hmd/manuscripts/ead/avery.html (9850 words)

	Nirenberg: History Section: DNA
		This happened when Oswald Avery, a bacteriologist working at the Rockefeller Institute in New York, discovered that the substance responsible for producing inheritable change in the pneumococcus organisms (disease-causing bacteria) he had studied for so long was neither a protein nor a lipid, but in fact deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
		He and his colleagues Colin MacLeod and Maclyn McCarty published a paper in 1944 in which they suggested that DNA was responsible for transferring genetic information.
		After reading Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty’s paper, many scientists changed the focus of their research to further investigate nucleic acids.
	history.nih.gov /exhibits/nirenberg/HS2_DNA.htm (343 words)

	Oswald Avery - ArtPolitic Encyclopedia of Politics : Information Portal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		He was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, but the major part of his career was spent in the United States at the Rockefeller Institute[?] Hospital, New York City.
		Avery was one of the first molecular biologists and was a pioneer in immunochemistry[?], but he is best known for his discovery in 1944 with his co-worker Maclyn McCarty[?] that DNA (deoxyriboncleic acid) is the material of which genes and chromosomes are made.
		Previously, proteins were believed to be the carrier of genes in cells.
	www.artpolitic.org /infopedia/os/Oswald_Avery.html (466 words)

	Eleven to receive honorary degrees at Commencement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Professor Emeritus at The Rockefeller University, Maclyn McCarty is a molecular biologist whose work was instrumental in launching modern molecular medicine.
		Early in his career, he and his colleagues performed the landmark experiments that led to the demonstration that DNA, a major component of chromosomes, is the substance that transmits hereditary information.
		McCarty is the recipient of numerous honors, including the Wolf Prize in Medicine and the Lasker Special Public Health Award.
	www.hno.harvard.edu /gazette/2000/06.08/honorary.html (1533 words)

	NewsRx: Personnel
		Maclyn McCarty, MD, genetic research pioneer, dies at 93
		Maclyn McCarty, MD, a pioneer in genetic research who helped demonstrate that genes were composed of DNA, has died in New York City.
		With Oswald Avery, MD, and Colin MacLeod, MD, McCarty conducted experiments in the 1940s on pneumococcus that pinpointed DNA as the carrier of genetic information.
	www.newsrx.com /issue_article/5W/2005-01-24/0124200533313505W.html (213 words)

	Finding Aid to the Oswald T. Avery Collection, 1909-1998
		Maclyn McCarty's The Transforming Principle: Discovering that Genes Are Made of DNA
		These notes document experiments in Avery's laboratory during 1940-1946, with comments by Maclyn McCarty.
		Review of The Transfroming Principle: Discovering that Genes Are Made of DNA by Maclyn McCarty.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /hmd/manuscripts/ead/avery.html (9850 words)

	Maclyn McCarty -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		McCarty attended Stanford University (B.S., 1933) and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine (M.D., 1937) before joining William S. Tillett at New…
		More results on "Maclyn McCarty" when you join.
		Offers an interview with McCarty, a discography, and details about Yardbirds offshoot groups and solo careers.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9049645?tocId=9049645 (474 words)

	The Rockefeller University - News Releases
		RU mourns loss of Maclyn McCarty, scientist responsible for “pivotal discovery of 20th-century biology”
		On Jan. 3, 2005, Rockefeller University President Paul Nurse informed the campus community about the death of Maclyn McCarty, one of the three Rockefeller scientists who in 1944 proved that DNA is the chemical basis for heredity.
		It is with deep sadness that I write to you about the passing of Maclyn McCarty, who died last evening at St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital.
	runews.rockefeller.edu /?page=engine&id=155 (563 words)

	Chapter 2-2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Avery and McCarty went on to show what their transforming principle was, and what it was not, which was trickier.
		Avery and McCarty employed immunological tests and showed that neither pneumococcal protein nor capsular polysaccharide was present in the transforming extract up to the extreme limit of sensitivity of their assays.
		They spun a sample of the extract on the ultra-high-speed centrifuge, and found that as it sedimented, "the material gave a single and unusually sharp boundary indicating that the substance was homogeneous and that the molecules were uniform in size and very asymmetric"; the result matched with DNA from calf thymus.
	stevenlehrer.com /explorers/chapter_2-2.htm (8038 words)

	Oswald Avery - EvoWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		He was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, but the major part of his career was spent in the United States at the Rockefeller Institute Hospital, New York.
		Avery was one of the first molecular biologists and was a pioneer in immunochemistry, but he is best known for his discovery in 1944 with his co-worker Maclyn McCarty that DNA is the material of which genes and chromosomes are made.
		Previously, heredity information (genes) was thought to be stored in cells in protein molecules.
	www.evowiki.org /index.php/Oswald_Avery (520 words)

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