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Topic: Macroprolactin

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	Bioactivity of macroprolactin in vitro
		Macroprolactin, a circulating complex of monomeric prolactin together with an autoantibody, is commonly encountered in the course of endocrine investigations.
		Macroprolactin and monomeric prolactin were purified by gel filtration chromatography from the sera of 10 macroprolactinaemic patients with total prolactin levels of 2,193 plus/minus 1,659 milliunits per litre (mean plus/minus SD) and monomeric levels of 300 plus/minus 131 milliunits per litre.
		Both monomeric prolactin and macroprolactin were seen to induced a mitogenic response in Nb2 cells with macroprolactin exhibiting, on average, 74% of the bioactivity of monomeric prolactin.
	www.endocrine-abstracts.org /ea/0009/ea0009p45.htm (292 words)

	Detection of Macroprolactin Causing Hyperprolactinemia in Commercial Assays for Prolactin Dr. John responds: -- ...
		prevalence of macroprolactin as a cause of hyperprolactinemia
		Macroprolactin and the Abbott Architect prolactin assay: characteristics of the reaction and detection by precipitation with polyethylene glycol [Abstract].
		Macroprolactin and the Abbott AxSYM prolactin assay: characteristics of the reaction and detection of macroprolactin by centrifugal ultrafiltration [Abstract].
	www.clinchem.org /cgi/content/full/46/12/2022 (951 words)

	Macroprolactin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Macroprolactin is a physiologically inactive form of prolactin found in a small proportion of people.
		Macroprolactin is important, as some laboratory assays will detect it as prolactin, leading to a falsely elevated prolactin result.
		There are certain chemicals, such as polyethylene glycol, that can be added to remove macroprolactin from a suspicious sample.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Macroprolactin (145 words)

	Clinical interpretation of macroprolactin reports
		Macroprolactin is a high molecular weight IgG-prolactin complex which has reduced bioactivity.
		In one case imaging showed a pituitary mass; in this man macroprolactin was a minor component of his hyperprolactinaemia (PRL 3865 mU/l, 20% macroprolactin), and he was treated with bromocriptine for a prolactinoma.
		The case of prolactinoma causing significant hyperprolactinaemia with only a minor macroprolactin component highlights the importance of quantitative reporting of macroprolactin: in contrast to the majority of macroprolactinaemia patients, such cases do warrant imaging and treatment with dopamine agonist therapy.
	www.endocrine-abstracts.org /ea/0007/ea0007p197.htm (240 words)

	Table of Contents
		Concomitant occurrence of macroprolactin, exercise-induced amenorrhea, and a pituitary lesion: a diagnostic pitfall
		Macroprolactin is an isoform of prolactin that is variably reactive in assays for prolactin, but displays minimum bioactivity in vivo.
		The presence of macroprolactin is an underrecognized problem, occurring in as many as 15 to 20% of patients with elevated prolactin values and often leading to unnecessary, expensive diagnostic procedures and inappropriate treatment.
	www.thejns-net.org /jns/issues/v95n2/abs/n0950334_r.html (253 words)

	My patient has elevated prolactin and infertility, but normal periods and a negative pituitary study. What should I do?
		Prolactin may be present in the circulation in a number of forms: a 23-kD monomer, small aggregates, or as macroprolactin, a large aggregate usually associated with immunoglobulin G. In healthy people and in patients with prolactinomas, "small" (monomeric) prolactin accounts for 80% to 90% of circulating prolactin.
		Immunoassay studies show that macroprolactin is the predominant form of prolactin in 10% to 25% of hyperprolactinemic blood samples.
		Macroprolactinemia typically is asymptomatic, as the large size of the macroprolactin molecule may prevent it from binding to cellular prolactin receptors.
	www.clevelandclinicmeded.com /ccjm/june04/orija.htm (887 words)

	Turkish Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism
		Macromolecular form of prolactin is characterized as a complex of hormone itself with an IgG antibody (known as prolactin autoantibody) or aggregates of little prolactin [4-5].
		It has been suggested that due to its larger size, macroprolactin has reduced bioactivity with low receptor activity in vivo and slower clearance from circulation, leading to hyperprolactinemic measures with some commercial immunoassays in asymptomatic individuals [1,4,6].
		Macroprolactin can be detected by gel filtration chromatography or by a simpler method of polyethylene glycol precipitation test regardless of antibody-bound or aggregated form, and also by directly showing presence of prolactin autoantibodies [2,10].
	turk-jem.dergisi.org /text.php3?id=185 (1028 words)

	Macroprolactin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Macroprolactin is important, as some laboratory assays willdetect it as prolactin, leading to a falsely elevated prolactin result.
		This can lead to a misdiagnosis of hyperprolactinaemia insome people, especially those with other symptoms, such as menstrual problems or infertility.
		There are certain chemicals, such as polyethylene glycol,that can be added to remove macroprolactin from a suspicious sample.
	www.therfcc.org /macroprolactin-120021.html (111 words)

	In Hyperprolactinemia, Testing for Macroprolactin Is Essential -- Fahie-Wilson 49 (9): 1434 -- Clinical Chemistry
		attributable to macroprolactin is a frequent cause of misdiagnosis
		macroprolactin is fundamental to the conclusions of Suliman
		Frequent misdiagnosis and mismanagement of hyperprolactinemic patients before the introduction of macroprolactin screening: application of a new strict laboratory definition of macroprolactinemia.
	www.clinchem.org /cgi/content/full/49/9/1434 (1718 words)

	Türk Fertilite Dergisi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		It is suggested that PEG precipitation of macroprolaetin may provide a simple and effective screening method for macroprolactin.
		Materials and Methods: In the presented study, prolactin levels in pregnant and postmenopausal women were measured and afterwards macroprolactin levels were determined by PEG- precipitation method.
		Macroprolactin predominated only in 1 (5%) woman in pregnant population, while in postmenopausal women in 18.5% of the cases.
	www.tivak.org.tr /journal/goster.php?id=124 (185 words)

	Euro MedNews (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The different immunoassays for prolactin differ in reactivity toward the macroprolactin, and large amounts of prolactin in a sample may produce falsely low assay values.
		Awareness that false-negative macroprolactin assays are a potential source of misdiagnosis is clinically important.
		Laboratories that perform prolactin measurements must be trained in the methodology that allows a diagnosis of macroprolactinaemia to be established.
	www.medilingua.com /EUmednews/20040205SE2.htm (250 words)

	Gross Variability in the Detection of Prolactin in Sera Containing Big Big Prolactin (Macroprolactin) by Commercial ...
		macroprolactin is primarily a molecular complex of PRL and an
		of macroprolactin in 15–26% of cases (5, 6, 7, 8, 9).
		In general, macroprolactin is regarded as biologically inactive.
	jcem.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/87/12/5410 (3781 words)

	4ème congrès de la Société Européenne de Gynécologie - Barcelona 25 - 27 October 2001
		We have correlated the levels of prolactin with its clinical symptoms and its a etiology, as well as with the treatment.
		In the group of hyperPRL due to macroprolactin these same factors have been correlated to the percentage of macroprolactin.
		The macroprolactin complex have been detected by precipitation of inmunoglobulins with polyethilenglicol (PEG) and inmunoanalisis of PRL.
	www.seg-web.org /commun/barca/OR05.html (332 words)

	Anxiety, Depression, Prozac, Paxil, Amoxicillin, Zithromax, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antifungal, Tetracycline, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		In this study, we reviewed our records regarding clinical and imaging investigations in patients who were found to have hyperprolactinaemia predominantly due to the presence of macroprolactin and compared them with the findings observed in patients whose prolactin molecular size consisted predominantly of the monomeric form.
		RESULTS: Fifty-two of 113 patients (46%) had hyperprolactinaemia due to macroprolactin, whereas the remaining 61 patients (54%) had their hyperprolactinaemia confirmed by the predominance of the monomeric form.
		Patient samples showing hyperprolactinaemia should be first tested for macroprolactin, before the patient is submitted to imaging studies.
	www.dreampharmaceuticals.com /anxiety-res/anxiety-research-abs3.453.html (1009 words)

	Macroprolactin - EndoLab - Canterbury Health Laboratories
		In a small number, however, the "free" prolactin levels were normal suggesting that macroprolactin presence had interfered with the original prolactin result.
		Although this interference rate (about 5%) is lower than reported for some analyser methods (up to 25%), we have decided to modify our procedures to ensure that the final prolactin result you receive reflects the monomeric ("free", bioactive) form.
		At this stage we will not be offering a quantitative test for macroprolactin although its presence may be inferred from a large discrepancy between the reported direct and "free" Access prolactin values.
	www.cdhb.govt.nz /chlabs/endo/mprl.htm (283 words)

	VALIDATION OF A SIMPLE SCREENING METHOD FOR MACROPROLACTIN BY COMPARISON WITH GEL FILTRATION CHROMATOGRAPHY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Such variants called "Big-big" prolactin or macroprolactin, were identified later as an immune complex of PRL bound to immunoglobulin.
		Their prevalence ranges between 9 to 25 % demonstrating that macroPRL are a common cause of apparent hyperprolactinemia.
		We suggest therefore that protein A precipitation of PRL may provide a simple and effective screening method for macroPRL that may be used in atypical and unexpected cases of hyperprolactinemia.
	www.corata.org /recueilnantes/nantesposterkertesz.htm (404 words)

	Medicina Könyvkiadó - Folyóiratok
		Introduction: Biologically active prolactin and the inactive fraction of macroprolactin can be present in hyperprolactinaemic sera.
		The reaction of routinely used prolactin assays with macroprolactin is variable.
		Aims: The present study was undertaken to analyse the leading clinical signs of hyperprolactinemia in macroprolactinemia and true hyperprolactinemia and to assess the prevalence of macroprolactinemia in hyperprolactinemic females.
	www.medicina-kiado.hu /folyoirat.php?mutat=21 (2810 words)

	An Unusual Form of Big, Big (Macro) Prolactin in a Pregnant Patient -- Diver et al. 47 (2): 346 -- Clinical Chemistry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		indicating the presence of macroprolactin (2), and 15% of her
		her circulating prolactin (up to 90% macroprolactin) was bioactive.
		Macroprolactin and the Abbott AxSYM prolactin assay: characteristics of the reaction and detection of macroprolactin by centrifugal ultrafiltration [Abstract] 1998:35 Association of Clinical Biochemists Proc Natl Meeting Assoc Clin Biochem.
	intl.clinchem.org /cgi/content/full/47/2/346 (1179 words)

	ASCO - Abstracts - PubMed Abstract View (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Prolactin and macroprolactin: a case report of hyperprolactinaemia highlighting the interpretation of discrepant results.
		Therefore it is generally assumed that the widely differing results by methods that measure both moieties to a differing extent are due to the presence of macroprolactin.
		We present a case which challenges such an assumption and suggest that precipitation by polyethylene glycol is the most reliable screen for identifying macroprolactin (and/or interfering antibodies if present).
	www.asco.org /ac/1,1003,_12-002865-00_18-0012803849,00.asp?SearchNames= (266 words)

	Prolactin
		All samples are tested for the presence of macroprolactin.
		A decrease of greater than 50% when precipitated with polyethylene glycol indicates the prossible presence of macroprolactin.
		A number of publications report the presence of macroprolactin in the serum of female patients with various endocrinological diseases or during pregnancy.(4,5,6) Differing degrees of detection of the serum macroprolactins (ultra-big is greater than 160 kD) relative to monomeric prolactin (22-23kD) by various immuno-assays have also been described.
	www.medicine.uiowa.edu /Path_Handbook/handbook/test1560.html (540 words)

	macroprolactin? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Her most significant symptoms are very low post-ov P4 (5.4even on Clomid), and macroprolactin.
		she tested OK for regular prolactin and then they ran a special macroprolactin test, which was positive (I don't have the level).
		I also think she has some symptoms of PCOS (facial hair growth, excess weight around the middle), but her OB/GYN hasn't mentioned it.
	www.inciid.org /cgi-brd/getmsg.pl/38/5852 (67 words)

	Medical Conditions - Reproductive Endocrinology
		Lab results indicating hyperprolactinemia need to be investigated for the presence of macroprolactin, a complex of prolactin bound to IgG that has limited or no biological activity in the body.
		The most widely accepted method for differentiating macroprolactin from biologically active prolactin is by precipitation.
		Treatment generally involves the use of dopamine agonists such as bromocriptine or cabergoline, to establish normal prolactin levels and shrink prolactinomas.
	www.dpcweb.com /medical/reproductive_endocrinology/hyperprolactinemia.html (319 words)

	The Impact on Clinical Practice of Routine Screening for Macroprolactin -- Gibney et al. 90 (7): 3927 -- Journal of ...
		The Impact on Clinical Practice of Routine Screening for Macroprolactin -- Gibney et al.
		The Impact on Clinical Practice of Routine Screening for Macroprolactin
		Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: T. Joseph McKenna, Professor of Investigative Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland.
	jcem.endojournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/90/7/3927 (286 words)

	Prolactin Article - Heaton,MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		For most urologists, a serum prolactin value arrives in response to an order for a laboratory test, and as such, has the aura of a secure biochemical truth.
		But, like the shifting importance of various testosterone measurements, PRL determination is colored by the fact that some patients with HPRL, in fact, have a significant proportion of macroprolactin (MPRL).
		MPRL is usually a complex of normal PRL with anti-PRL autoantibody and has little clinical relevance.
	www.reuniting.info /HeatonProlactinArticle.htm (2357 words)

	Article References
		Ahlquist JAO, Fahie-Wilson MN: Macroprolactin: incidence and prevalence in moderate and marked hyperprolactinemia.
		Allolio B, Hoeppener A, Leonhardt U: Size heterogeneity of immunoreactive prolactin in patients with prolactinoma.
		Bonhoff A, Vuille JC, Gomez F: Identification of macroprolactin in a patient with asymptomatic hyperprolactinemia as a stable PRL-IgG complex.
	www.thejns-net.org /jns/issues/v95n2/ref/n0950334_ref.html (379 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		mass complex of prolactin and an IgG antibody termed “big big” prolactin or macroprolactin accumulates in the sera of up
		Though macroprolactin retains immunoreactivity it appears to have limited
		This present study aims to characterise the structure of macroprolactin and to investigate the autoimmune status of
	www.ucd.ie /ofrss/html/medicin/endocrin/10622.html (100 words)

	The Pituitary Foundation \| Conference report (2001) \| Prolactinoma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Stress - for example, elevated stress levels due to having a blood test!
		Macroprolactin - prolactin that circulates in the blood bound to IgG (an immunoglobulin).
		Although biologically inactive, it cross-reacts with the assay used to measure prolactin.
	www.pituitary.org.uk /conference/2001/prolactinoma.htm (727 words)

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