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Topic: Madagascar Pochard

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	Biodiversity Hotspots - Madagascar & Indian Ocean Islands - Unique and Threated Biodiversity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Madagascar is home to 72 kinds of lemurs (species and subspecies), representing 15 genera, making the Madagascar and Indian Ocean Islands Hotspot the world leader in primate endemism and the single highest priority for the conservation of primates.
		An agile hunter on the ground and in the canopy, it is the primary predator of lemurs.
		Madagascar's fish are mainly freshwater species of continental origin that have evolved on the island to include nearly 100 endemic species of fish, including 14 endemic genera and two endemic families.
	www.biodiversityhotspots.org /xp/Hotspots/madagascar/biodiversity.xml (1413 words)

	African Conservation Foundation - Madagascar - Conservation Projects.
		Conservation through Poverty Alleviation are focusing their first projects in Madagascar and Tanzania, two of the poorest country in the world and home to some of the world's most important biological resources.
		Their ultimate scope is to facilitate the dataflow of information about Madagascar, to improve activities, to give new inputs, to help to protect the high degree of endemism of animal and plant species, to enable a sustainable natural habitat for future generations of humans, animals and plants of Madagascar.
		Ivoloina is a 400-hectare forestry station on the east coast of Madagascar near the city of Tamatave.
	www.africanconservation.org /madagascar.html (1204 words)

	Recently Extinct Animals - Rediscovered - Species Info - Madagascar Pochard
		The Madagascar Pochard is endemic to Madagascar, where it was found historically in the Lake Alaotra basin in the northern central plateau.
		Decline of the Madagascar Pochard is likely to have begun in the 1940s and 1950s in connection with degrading lake and marshland habitat from introduced plant and fish species, conversion to rice paddies, and burning (The Peregrine Fund 2006).
		The closest living relatives are the Common Pochard Aythya ferina, Canvasback Aythya valisineria, Redhead Aythya americana, Ring-necked Duck Aythya collaris, Ferruginous Duck Aythya nyroca, Baer's Pochard Aythya baeri, Hardhead Aythya australis, Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula, New Zealand Scaup Aythya novaeseelandiae, Greater Scaup Aythya marila, and the Lesser Scaup Aythya affinis.
	www.petermaas.nl /extinct/speciesinfo/madagascarpochard.htm (811 words)

	Diving duck
		The diving ducks or pochards are a group of 16 species of ducks including some of the most familiar Northern Hemisphere species.
		They are in the duck, goose and swan family Anatidae.
		The Marbled Duck[?] (Marmaronetta angustirostris) is difficult to classify, but is often also placed in the diving duck group.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/di/Diving_duck.html (145 words)

	Diving Ducks
		The 16 species of diving duck, also known as pochards, make up a sub-group of the biological subfamily Anatinae, which itself is part of the diverse and very large duck, goose and swan family, Anatidae.
		Southern Pochard Netta erythrophthalma: The Southern Pochard is a duck.
		Rosybill Netta peposaca: The Rosybill or Rosybill Pochard (Netta peposaca) is a duck with a distinctive red bill on males and a slate-colored bill on females.
	www.avianweb.com /divingducks.html (514 words)

	Ecosystem Profile: Madagascar, Madagascar and Indian Ocean Islands
		Madagascar's primates are unquestionably the most prominent group of mammals native to this hotspot.
		This is perhaps the richest region in Madagascar in terms of species diversity, as shown by studies of vascular plants and terrestrial vertebrates, and it is also characterized by local centers of endemism (e.g., the Masoala peninsula, the Andringitra massif and the regions of Andasibe and Zahamena).
		In Madagascar, the extent of protected areas varies from one ecoregion to the next: 18% in the Eastern Ecoregion, 22% in the Central Ecoregion, 17% in the Western Ecoregion, 20% in the Northern Mountains Ecoregion, 5% in the Southern Ecoregion, and less than 1% in the Northern Transition Zone.
	www.cepf.net /xp/cepf/where_we_work/madagascar/full_strategy.xml (8374 words)

	African Specialist Features and Articles - Madagascar - Island of the Ancestors
		Britain had the first foreign interests in Madagascar and sent many missionaries to teach Christianity to the natives, who willingly accepted the faith as it was very close to their own belief in the one God, Andriamanitra.
		Madagascar is the fourth poorest nation on earth, although it is very rich in minerals.
		The island is home to the world’s rarest duck, the Madagascar pochard, and research has shown that the Madagascar serpent eagle, the Madagascar red owl, the Sakalava rail and the slender-billed flufftail are not extinct, as thought.
	www.africaguide.com /features/trvafmag/020.htm (2894 words)

	Wildlife Extra - Extinct duck rediscovered
		Scientists working for The Peregrine Fund have re-discovered the Madagascar Pochard (Aythya innotata), a medium-sized diving duck that was considered extinct by many authorities until this current sighting.
		The Madagascar Pochard is one of the country’s rarest and most endangered birds.
		The decline of the Madagascar Pochard is likely to have begun in the 1940s and 1950s in connection with degradation of lake and marshland habitat by introduced plant and fish species, conversion to rice paddies, and burning.
	www.wildlifeextra.com /madagascar-pochard.html (374 words)

	Birds
		Madagascar is an essential destination for anyone attempting to see all of the world's bird families, and equally attractive to birders that enjoy the strange and bizarre birds of the planet, or anyone with a penchant for getting to grips with the world's significant avifaunas!
		Madagascar Wood-Rail is common in eastern forests and secondary degraded habitats.
		The former is related to the common Madagascar Brush-Warbler, Nesillas typica, whilst the latter, an eastern rainforest inhabitant, to Jerys.
	www.birdingmadagascar.com /Birds.htm (3823 words)

	Madagascar subhumid forests - Encyclopedia of Earth
		Dominated by the nation of Madagascar, the fourth largest island on Earth, the hotspot also includes the independent nations of Seychelles (including Aldabra), the Comoros, Mauritius (including Rodrigues), and the French overseas departments of Réunion, Mayotte (one of the Comoros) and the Iles Esparses around Madagascar in the Indian Ocean.
		The Madagascar Subhumid Forests are scattered in several "islands" of montane humid forest throughout the central highlands of Madagascar, the zone generally defined as above the coastal plain and escarpment starting at 900 meters.
		The Madagascar Subhumid Forest, located in central Madagascar, is based on Cornet’s subhumid bioclimatic division, with the eastern boundary delineated at 800 meters elevation and the western boundary delineated at 600 m elevation.
	www.eoearth.org /article/Madagascar_subhumid_forests (2592 words)

	birding facts Birding Resources by the Fat Birder
		Madagascar is truly one of the most amazing places on earth, both from the point of view of the naturalist and the anthropologist.
		Madagascar, a birding hotspot with 120 endemic bird species, has unprecedented levels of higher-order endemism including five bird families that are to be found nowhere else.
		Madagascar is one of the world`s highest conservation priorities because many of the animals and plants are in imminent danger of extinction, including three species of birds of prey.
	www.fatbirder.com /links_geo/africa/madagascar.html (3641 words)

	EPA: Federal Register: Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Addition of 30 African Birds to List of ...
		Madagascar sea eagle (Haliaeetus vociferoides).--1980 petition, ICBP endangered, U.S. endangered; a fish-hunting species of the family Accipitridae, related to and somewhat smaller than the American bald eagle; confined to the rivers, shorelines, and offshore islands of the west coast of central to northern Madagascar.
		Madagascar serpent eagle (Eutriorchis astur).--1980 petition, ICBP endangered, U.S. endangered; a raptor of the family Accipitridae, more closely related to the harrier hawks than to most other eagles; until recently, known only from 11 specimens collected over 50 years ago in the eastern forests of Madagascar.
		Madagascar pochard (Aythya innotata).--1991 petition, ICBP endangered, U.S. endangered; a diving duck of the family Anatidae; apparently confined to freshwater lakes and pools in the northern central plateau of Madagascar.
	www.epa.gov /fedrgstr/EPA-SPECIES/1995/January/Day-12/pr-112.html (5004 words)

	Madagascar ENVIRONMENT
		Erosion, caused by deforestation and overgrazing, is a serious problem in Madagascar.
		Water pollution, caused mainly by sewage, is also a significant environmental problem in Madagascar: only 31% of the people living in rural areas and 85% of all city dwellers have access to pure drinking water.
		Endangered species in Madagascar include the Alaotra grebe, Madagascar pochard, Madagascar fish eagle, and seven species of lemur.
	www.nationsencyclopedia.com /Africa/Madagascar-ENVIRONMENT.html (240 words)

	WWF Global 200 Ecoregions -- Madagascar Freshwater (162)
		Madagascar has one of the most distinctive freshwater ecosystems in the world, with many endemic species.
		In the diverse freshwater habitats of Madagascar, water birds such as the nearly extinct Alaotra little grebe and the Madagascar pochard, nest, breed, and hunt.
		Madagascar’s rivers and streams have historically been preserved by surrounding forests, but much of these forests have been cut in recent years.
	www.worldwildlife.org /wildworld/profiles/g200/g162.html (555 words)

	Nature Uganda-Birdlife Partner in Uganda
		The Madagascar Pochard, a diving duck last sighted in 1991 and feared ‘Possibly Extinct’, has been rediscovered during a survey in remote northern Madagascar.
		The last pochard sighting was on Lake Alaotra in the Central Plateau of Madagascar in 1991 when a male was captured and kept in Antananarivo Zoological and Botanical Gardens until its death one year later.
		Little is known about the pochard, an extremely secretive and often solitary bird that prefers shallow and marshy habitat.
	www.natureuganda.org /news.php?id=28 (390 words)

	Biological diversity in Madagascar and the Indian Ocean Islands - Encyclopedia of Earth
		Because Madagascar and the continental Seychelles broke off from the Gondwanaland supercontinent more than 160 million years ago, the hotspot is a living example of species evolution in isolation.
		The Madagascar Subhumid Forests form an important ecoregion that is scattered in several "islands" of montane humid forest throughout the central highlands of Madagascar, the zone generally defined as above the coastal plain and escarpment starting at 900 meters.
		The Malagasy people came to Madagascar from Africa and Asia and imported agricultural methods, like rice cultivation, slash-and-burn agriculture, and cattle grazing, which are inappropriate for infertile, lateritic soils and devastating to the fragile ecosystems of the island.
	www.eoearth.org /article/Biological_diversity_in_Madagascar_and_the_Indian_Ocean_Islands (3293 words)

	Birdfinders - Birdwatching Holidays - Madagascar
		Amongst the most sought-after of Madagascar's birds are those of the five families endemic to the Malagasy region: the peculiar mesites, exquisite ground-rollers, Cuckoo-roller, the asities and the vangas.
		Although Madagascar is famous for the spectacular lemurs that have adapted to a daytime existence, a number of species of these primitive primates remain denizens of the night.
		Madagascar Serpent-eagle, Madagascar Red Owl and the magnificent Helmet Vanga are on the list, but we would have to be very lucky to find any of these rare species.
	www.birdfinders.co.uk /tours/madagascar.htm (3369 words)

	LakeNet - News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The Ramsar Bureau is very pleased to announce that Madagascar, which joined the Convention in 1998, has named its third Wetland of International Importance, as of 9 September 2003.
		The site is an excellent representative example of the natural wetlands of the eastern Madagascar biogeographical region and includes nine of twenty inland wetland types identified in the Ramsar system of classification, as well as seven of the 10 human-made wetland types.
		Madagascar has also submitted designation documents for two additional sites (Parc de Tsarasaotra and Les Marais de Torotorofotsy), presently being evaluated and processed by Bureau staff, as further progress in a WWF Living Waters-funded project to assist Madagascar in the development of a National Wetland Policy and designation of further Ramsar sites.
	www.worldlakes.org /shownews.asp?newsid=1379 (367 words)

	Terrestrial Ecoregions -- Madagascar subhumid forests (AT0118)
		The Madagascar Subhumid Forests are scattered in several "islands" of montane humid forest throughout the central highlands of Madagascar, the zone generally defined as above the coastal plain and escarpment starting at 900 m.
		The Sambirano region in the northwest is a center of endemism and a transition zone between the species compositions (both plant and animal) of the western and the eastern regions of Madagascar (Gautier and Goodman in press).
		The Madagascar Subhumid Forest, located in central Madagascar, is based on Cornet’s subhumid bioclimatic division (Cornet 1974), with the eastern boundary delineated at 800 m elevation and the western boundary delineated at 600 m elevation.
	worldwildlife.org /wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/at/at0118_full.html (2397 words)

	Cheesemans' Ecology Safaris: Africa - Madagascar 2007
		Although Madagascar is famous for the spectacular lemurs that have adapted to a daytime existence, a number of species of these primitive primates remain, like their African cousins, the galagos, denizens of the night.
		Some of the most sought-after Madagascar’s birds are those of the five families endemic to the Malagasy region: the peculiar mesites, exquisite ground-rollers, the Cuckoo-Roller, the asities and the vangas.
		Madagascar Serpent-Eagle, Madagascar Red Owl and the magnificent Helmet Vanga are on the list, but we would have to be very lucky to encounter any of these rare species.
	www.cheesemans.com /africa_m_oct07.html (6001 words)

	African Country Resources - African Bird Club&Birding Africa
		Madagascar is party to many international environmental treaties: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands.
		Biologists from Madagascar have recently discovered the Madagascar Pochard Aythya innotata, a species that was considered extinct by many authorities.
		National Director for The Peregrine Fund’s Madagascar Project and former ABC representative, Lily-Arison Rene de Roland, and field biologist, Thé Seing Sam, discovered the rare bird while conducting avian surveys in a remote part of northern Madagascar.
	www.africanbirdclub.org /countries/Madagascar/conservation.html (805 words)

	Terrestrial Ecoregions -- Madagascar subhumid forests (AT0118)
		The Madagascar Subhumid Forests are scattered in several "islands" of montane humid forest throughout the central highlands of Madagascar, the zone generally defined as above the coastal plain and escarpment starting at 900 m.
		The Sambirano region in the northwest is a center of endemism and a transition zone between the species compositions (both plant and animal) of the western and the eastern regions of Madagascar (Gautier and Goodman in press).
		The Madagascar Subhumid Forest, located in central Madagascar, is based on Cornet’s subhumid bioclimatic division (Cornet 1974), with the eastern boundary delineated at 800 m elevation and the western boundary delineated at 600 m elevation.
	www.worldwildlife.org /wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/at/at0118_full.html (2397 words)

	"Extinct" Duck found alive and well - Wildlife Community
		The Madagascar pochard was last seen alive in 1991.
		Dr Young, who named his eldest daughter, Aythya, after the duck, added: “The Madagascar pochard is extremely secretive and little is known about its life cycle and behaviour.
		Madagascar pochards eat vegetation growing beneath the water’s surface and dive to reach it.
	www.wildlifecommunity.com /index.php?showtopic=239 (501 words)

	WWT Threatened Species Department
		If not already extinct, the Madagascar Pochard may well be restricted to a single locality on the northern Central Plateau of Madagascar - Lake Alaotra - where the last confirmed sighting was made in 1991.
		A drake captured by local people was kept in captivity for a year before it died.
		The pochard was thought to be common on Lake Alaotra in the 1930s, but the lake is now being degraded by rice cultivation, siltation, pesticide run-off, the burning of marsh vegetation (particularly papyrus), and the introduction of many alien plants and fish.
	www.wwt.org.uk /threatsp/pastwwt/madpochard.htm (108 words)

	Where do you want to go birding in Madagascar today?
		In the case of critically endangered habitat such as the island of Madagascar my hope is that this report will inspire even one other person to spend eco-tourism dollars and show some enthusiasm for the wild life thereby encouraging the government and people of Madagascar to save their amazing natural heritage from imminent disaster.
		The main purpose of the tour was to provide the participants with a good impression and knowledge of the fantastic - and threatened - natural areas remaining and the local culture as well as to see as many of the endemic birds and other animals as possible.
		Madagascar is a very interesting island with 256 species of bird, 201 are resident, 105 are endemic, and 25 are endemic to the Malagasy region.
	www.camacdonald.com /birding/africamadagascar.htm (1954 words)

	Travel and Accommodation in Madagascar - Naturally Africa Dot Org \| Lakes in Madagascar
		Madagascar's lakes are deep blue and often offer a welcome respite from the haggling and begging in the main cities.
		Lake Alaotra is Madagascar's largest lake, and forms the center of the island's most important rice-growing region.
		The Baobab is the National Tree of Madagascar.
	www.naturallyafrica.org /country/madagascar/best/best-lakes.php (451 words)

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