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	Maya codices - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Dresden Codex is held in the Sächsische Landesbibliothek (SLUB), the state library in Dresden, Germany.
		The codex is written on a long sheet of paper which is 'fanfolded' to make a book of 39 leaves, written on both sides.
		It is in the Museo de América in Madrid, Spain, where it may have been sent back to the Royal Court by Hernán Cortés.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Madrid_Codex (738 words)

	Mesoamerican Codices in the University Libraries
		It is a fragment of a codex attributed to Don Fernando de Alva Ixtlilxochitl, one of the outstanding historians of the early years of the Spanish Conquest.
		This codex is related to a lawsuit held before the Council of Indies between the Indians of Tepetlaoztoc and the encomendero, Juan Velasquez de Salazar.
		One side of this screenfold codex presents a genealogical and historical narrative divided into six or more sections, including a genealogy of the first and second dynasties of Tilantongo through the marriage of 8 Deer and the genealogy of the rulers of Teozacoalco through the children of the third rulers of the third dynasty.
	library.albany.edu /subject/codices.htm (4082 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The Dresden Codex may be the earliest of the Maya codices, with the possible exception of the Grolier Codex, which John Carlson attributes to the Early Postclassic period (however, other scholars, including Eric Thompson, Claude Baudez, and Susan Milbrath, consider the codex a forgery).
		In an analysis of the material culture represented in the Madrid Codex, Don Graff identified a number of artifacts that are diagnostic of a certain time period in the archaeological record, including specific varieties of incense burners, several drums, a rattle, and a weaving pick.
		On the basis of these data, Graff and Vail attribute the Madrid Codex to the mid 15th century in their article “Censers and Stars: Issues in the Dating of the Madrid Codex.” This determination can be supported by the artifacts pictured in the manuscript, including the items that Porter attributes to the post-conquest period.
	www.mayacodices.org /codex2/Dating.asp (1714 words)

	FAMSI - Maya Codices - The Madrid Codex
		The Madrid Codex was separated into two parts very early on in its European history, and thus traveled different paths in Europe until 1880, at which date the Frenchman Léon de Rosny figured out that the two parts were a single codex, now commonly called the "Madrid", or the "Tro-Cortesianus".
		I have seen one of the facsimiles; the paper is a bit rough and the color is rather crudely done, which may account for its rather poor reputation, yet the codex as a whole appears to be done fairly accurately.
		In 1991, as part of the 1992 Columbus 500-year celebration, the Testimonio Compania Editoriale of Madrid published, with an accompanying volume by Manuel Ballesteros Gaibrois and Miguel Rivera Dorado, a full-color facsimile edition of the Madrid codex.
	www.famsi.org /mayawriting/codices/madrid.html (701 words)

	Mayan Codices
		How the codex got to Austria is unknown, but it was probably sent by the king of Spain, who was also the king of Austria during the Conquest.
		The codex was written by eight different scribes, each with their own distinctive style, type of glyphs and subject matter.
		The second codex was found in a garbage basket by the French scholar Léon de Rosny (1837-1914) in 1859.
	www.mayadiscovery.com /ing/history/codices.htm (1955 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The Madrid Codex is composed entirely of almanacs, meaning that there are no Long Count dates in the manuscript that allow it to be placed in absolute time.
		This is in contrast to the Dresden Codex, which contains a series of tables referencing astronomical events such as eclipse cycles and the appearance and disappearance of Venus in the sky, as well as seasonal cycles (solstices and equinoxes).
		Although Long Count dates are not found in the Madrid Codex, seasonal and astronomical references occur in a number of almanacs.
	www.mayacodices.org /codex2/almanacs.asp (1541 words)

	Madrid Codex - Picture - MSN Encarta
		The Madrid Codex is one of the four preserved codices (manuscript volumes) of Maya hieroglyphs.
		It dates from shortly before the arrival of Spanish conquerors in the 16th century, several centuries after the decline of the vast Maya civilization around 900.
		This codex reads as a kind of prophetic almanac, predicting successful times for such activities as hunting and idol-making.
	encarta.msn.com /media_461549248/Madrid_Codex.html (74 words)

	Madrid Codex
		The Codex of Dresden includes long-count dates standing for the number of days elapsing from the beginning of the Mayan chronology until the dated day, which is denoted with its name from the 260-day tzolkin and the 365-day haab.
		The Codex of Madrid originated probably in the era of the Maya pan rule and is dated in the professional community in mid 15
		June 1452 relates to the century in which the origin of the Codex of Madrid is generally dated.
	www.volny.cz /paib/madridcodex/madridcodex.html (3016 words)

	Redating the Madrid Codex
		European paper embedded in a page of the Madrid Codex, a Maya document once thought to be of Precolumbian date, may prove that it was made after the Spanish arrival in the New World, according to Yale University archaeologist Michael D. Coe.
		Nonetheless, Coe believes the Madrid Codex postdates 1624 and may, in fact, have been made at Tayasal, which did not fall to the Spanish until 1697.
		If the planting iconography refers to June, it may indicate the codex came from the northern part of the peninsula, not Tayasal in the central Petén, where planting was finished before the end of May.
	www.archaeology.org /9901/newsbriefs/codex.html (651 words)

	Realms of the Sacred in Daily Life: Early Written Records of Mesoamerica
		The Paris Codex is a fragment of a larger manuscript and is in very poor condition.
		The Madrid Codex was originally identified as two separate manuscripts of unequal lengths called the Manuscrit Troano and the Codex Cortesianus.
		The original Madrid Codex is now housed in the Museo de América in Madrid and is sometimes referred to as the Codex Tro-Cortesianus.
	www.lib.uci.edu /libraries/exhibits/meso/maya2.html (631 words)

	Latin American Studies - Tulane University
		Recent research on the Madrid Codex, one of only four surviving Maya hieroglyphic screenfold books, is providing exciting answers to some key questions about the structure and function of this prehispanic Maya document.
		She received a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities in July 2001 to develop an on-line database and commentary of the Madrid Codex in collaboration with Christine Hernández and Victoria R. Bricker of Tulane University.
		Her early calendrical studies of the Madrid Codex led to an interest in applying the same innovative methodologies for studying Maya codices to the central Mexican Borgia Codex.
	stonecenter.tulane.edu /html/MayaSymp/VailHernandez.htm (668 words)

	Talk November 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The Madrid Codex illustrates a variety of ceramic vessels: round bottomed ollas, with and without handles, some with feet and others with separate supports, as well as water bottles and incensarios.
		Mary noticed, in her studies, that vessels which contain food are decorated with a glyph that she identifies as "na", which may represent the Yucatec word "na'ah", meaning 'replete, or full of (food).' Brian Stross and Justin Kerr feel that this glyph is a "u", probably referring to the moon, and alcoholic beverages.
		Mary closed with the information that the entire Madrid codex is on display, for observation or study, behind glass, in the Museo de America, in Madrid.
	www.netaxs.com /~upmus/talk1105.html (563 words)

	NOVA \| Infinite Secrets \| Great Surviving Manuscripts \| PBS
		The codex dates to before the Spanish conquest of Mexico and has survived numerous abuses, including more than a thousand years of exposure to tropical weather and, in the 16th century, book burnings by the Spanish clergy.
		The fourth codex, the Grolier Codex, is named after the Grolier Club in New York, a bibliographic society that owned the manuscript in the 1970s.
		The codex records Leonardo's thoughts in sepia ink on a variety of topics, from astronomy to hydrology, and it includes dozens of his sketches, drawings, and diagrams.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/archimedes/manuscripts.html (2175 words)

	1421 - Evidence - Zheng He and the Italian Renaissance
		Codex 1 is essentially Leonardo’s treatise on practical mechanics with 95 drawings of various civil engineering machines, each drawing with detailed explanation of the machine’s design.
		From codex 1 it is immediately apparent that Leonardo based part of his work on a fellow Florentine, Mariano Taccola (1381-1458).
		Their book was written between 1966 and 1967 before Madrid Codex 1 and 2 had been discovered and published.
	www.1421.tv /pages/evidence/content.asp?EvidenceID=403 (1382 words)

	Essay about human mowement and turning in paintings by Lionardo da Vinci reffering to Codex Madrid, by Rizah Kulenovic
		The manuscripts were named Madrid Codex 1 and Madrid Codex 2 and they were at once scrutinized and translated.
		The few pages in Madrid codex 2 does not show the great work in a collection, Libro A, whose composition is much stronger than anything he had produced until then.
		In the machine drawings in Codex Madrid I we can see tracks of a new drawing method, which along sides of the development of the architecture drawing, tried to describe surface and height into perfection.
	www.museumldv.com /lionardo/ldv-en/text-turning-en.htm (2249 words)

	The Fifth Codex (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Today three of these are best known by the names of the cities that they are found in, the Dresden Codex, the Paris Codex and the Madrid Codex.
		The fourth, or Grolier Codex, is in a private collection.
		It is said that he believed Ix Chel, the Mayan goddess of childbirth would give the codex back to the Maya when the Spanish were expelled from the land.
	www.ajmorris.com /a05/codex.htm (519 words)

	Leonardo
		On February 13th 1967 an amazing discovery was made by American researchers working in the National Library of Spain, Madrid.
		They had stumbled upon 2 unknown works of Leonardo da Vinci know as the "Codex Madrid".
		In 1967, shortly after the discovery of the "Codex Madrid", Dr. Guatelli flew to the Massachusetts university to examine its copy.When seeing the page with the calculator he remembered seeing a similar drawing in the "Codex Atlanticus".
	www.webcom.com /calc/leonardo/leonardo.html (698 words)

	Myan Horse (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		In this detail from an almanac contained in the Madrid Codex, a hunter returns home with his kill.
		Since its discovery in 1860, the Madrid Codex, named for the city where it was found after hundreds of years of obscurity and where it rests today, has illuminated many mysteries of ancient Mayan culture, religion, and scholarship.
		Scholars believe the codex may be a 14th- or 15th-century copy of Mayan scholarship from the peak of the civilization's power.
	www.mormonhaven.com /myanhorse.htm (152 words)

	University Press of Colorado
		“The Madrid Codex offers a new and nuanced understanding of one of the few surviving Maya hieroglyphic books, a porthole into the ancient Maya mind and a poignant reminder of how much was in a world now lost.
		The contributors to this volume challenge that view by demonstrating convincingly that it originated in northern Yucatán and was painted in the Pre-Columbian era.
		Gabrielle Vail is a research scholar at New College of Florida and co-editor of Papers on the Madrid Codex (with Victoria Bricker).
	www.upcolorado.com /bookdetail.asp?isbn=0-87081-786-8 (262 words)

	codex
		The long count entry date of the Dresden Codex eclipse table, for example, correlates to 755 AD This may date the original version of the table.
		Ernst Forstemann, archivist at Dresden where the Codex resides, issued photographic reproductions in 1880 and 1892.
		The easiest to access copy of the Codex on-line is a scan of the Forstemann edition by Andreas Fuls.
	members.shaw.ca /mjfinley/codex.html (1188 words)

	Leonardo da Vinci's Codex Madrid I: The creation of the self as author (Italy)
		I argue that Leonardo constructs himself as a scientific author primarily on the basis of his draftsmanship.
		Finally, I study the two most significant personae assumed by Leonardo in the course of Madrid I, namely that of divine artifex and that of scribe of God.
		My analysis is again centered on Leonardo's use of drawing to reproduce on the page the direct experience that he claims as his sole teacher.
	repository.upenn.edu /dissertations/AAI9965465 (268 words)

	Katherine B. Lang
		Scope and content: Manuscripts, tracings, drawings, photographs, and publications relating to Lang's career reproducing Aztec and Mayan manuscripts, including the Codex Borbonicus, the Codex Florentinus, the Madrid Codex (Codex Tro-Cortesianus) and illustrations for the The De la Cruz-Badiano Aztec Herbal of 1552 (William Gates, editor, 1939).
		Includes her own manuscript and illustrations for her text, "The Drama of the Aztec Manuscripts," and a related exhibition for the Pan American Union in 1946.
		Dresden Codex (Proof plates of the Gates edition, published by the Mayan Society).
	web.uflib.ufl.edu /spec/manuscript/guides/Lang.htm (490 words)

	Realms of the Sacred in Daily Life: Early Written Records of Mesoamerica
		The Madrid Codex appears here as an exemplar of a Mesoamerican codex.
		The original manuscript is typical in that it is painted on both sides of a paper made from fig tree bark, with the individual leaves assembled in an accordion format.
		This is one of two sections that compose the complete codex, which were originally found as separate manuscripts.
	www.lib.uci.edu /libraries/exhibits/meso/mesolandscape2.html (502 words)

	persia
		The Split Moon of the Madrid Codex and Persian Manuscripts
		The Maya actually recorded the moon in the tiny glyphs in the Madrid Codex as a "split moon" shown above.
		At the very first instance of it on page 91 of the Madrid it has, what I believe to be, a fl "viewing-the-stars bowl rim" of obsidian to the left of it and on top is a separate knotted bow-tie.
	www.mayalords.org /restfldr/persia.html (1666 words)

	GBonline \| Maya Codices
		Explanatory pages on Ring and Serpent Dates in the Dresden Codex have been prepared for the web by Gregory Reddick with images from his research group's presentation at the 1997 Austin Maya Meetings.
		The Codex is stored in Paris today in a sealed glass case which hasn't been opened in this century, for fear of damaging it.
		Unlike the other three, this codex takes it name from the place where it was originally exhibited (today it is in a private collection).
	pages.prodigy.net /gbonline/awmayac.html (1336 words)

	snarkout: the children of mu
		, and a novelist, but his fame today rests largely on his translations of the Madrid Codex, one of the three (possibly four) Mayan codices to survive the attentions of Bishop Diego de Landa in the 16th century.
		Perhaps mesmerized by the mysterious figures on the Madrid Codex, he didn't seem to notice that the story he was reading made no sense.
		Yet he failed to perceive that the story unfolding from the Madrid codex was a very odd story indeed.
	www.snarkout.org /archives/2001/08/25 (566 words)

	Rauh, James Hulse papers/ Tulane University (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Included also are programs for the New World Writing Systems Conference sponsored by the American Museum of Natural History, July 22 - 24, 1970, and a paper by Juan José Rendón titled "Problemas y proposiciones para hacer una classificación y catalogación de los glifos mayas en cerámica," submitted too late for the conference.
		Abstract of paper "Codex Tudela: a Key to Many Doors" to be presented at the AAA meeting in New Orleans, November, 1969.
		"A New Interpretation of God C Based upon an Analysis of the 2 x 130 Type Ritual Almanacs of Codex Madrid." November 11, 1970.
	lal.tulane.edu /rauhpap.html (550 words)

	Madrid Codex Detail (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		This graphic detail from the Madrid Codex comes to us from a course outline found at
		I don't have the heart to tell them that this is not from the Borgia Codex, but want to thank them anyway for making the graphic available.
		They're correct in stating that the Borgia Codex is read in a BOUSTROPHEDONIC manner; that is, from right to left (just like the Mixtec codices), but I don't believe this is the case with the Madrid.
	pages.prodigy.com /GBonline/madridpg.htm (88 words)

	New College
		Discovered in the 1860s, the Madrid Codex contains a series of almanacs used by Maya priests to track and record dates for religious and agricultural rituals and events.
		Vail’s work on the manuscript also led to a reinterpretation of the Madrid Codex calendar - from a calendar based on days, to one based on years.
		This new analysis has potentially far-reaching implications both for the study of Maya ritual practices, and for the general study of Mesoamerican codices.
	www.ncf.edu /publicaffairs/Documents/Vail.htm (189 words)

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