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Topic: Madrid Conference of 1991

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	Madrid Peace Conference, 1991
		The Madrid Invitation, inviting Israel, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan and the Palestinians to an opening conference jointly sponsored by the US and the Soviet Union on October 30, 1991, represented the result of US Secretary of State James Baker's shuttle diplomacy in the eight months following the Gulf War.
		The Madrid peace conference was a watershed event.
		Madrid was also the catalyst for the 1993 series of non-public talks in Norway between Israel and the Palestinian Arabs that launched what became known as the Oslo peace process.
	palestinefacts.org /pf_1991to_now_madrid_desc.php (358 words)

	Madrid Conference of 1991 - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		The Madrid Conference was hosted by the government of Spain and co-sponsored by the USA and the USSR.
		The Palestinian team, due to Israeli objections, was initially formally a part of a joint Palestinian-Jordanian delegation and consisted of Palestinians from the West Bank and Gaza without open PLO association like Saeb Erekat, Faisal Husseini, Hanan Ashrawi and Haidar Abdel-Shafi, who were however in constant communication with the PLO leadership in Tunis.
		The purpose of the conference was to serve as an opening forum for the participants and had no power to impose solutions or veto agreements.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Madrid_Conference_of_1991 (509 words)

	Lebanonwire.com \| Madrid conference ends with promise to revive ME peace
		It was called to commemorate the 15th anniversary of the landmark 1991 Madrid peace conference that brought Israelis and Arabs to the negotiating table for the first time.
		He compared the 1991 Madrid Peace Conference to the present one, saying that in 1991, the language had been "tougher than the present language, the distance between the parties was greater and the hope for achieving a true and lasting peace was less." This time, he said, the language had been more direct and rational.
		After the conference, Palestinian legislator Hanan Ashrawi told The Jerusalem Post that she was pleased and hopeful with the outcome of the conference.
	www.lebanonwire.com /0701MLN/07011402AGC.asp (310 words)

	The Way to Peace Emerged at Madrid: A Decade Since the 1991 Madrid Conference, by Eytan Bentsur
		The Madrid process sought to take into account the aspirations of the parties, their security requirements, their readiness for mutual reconciliation, and, most of all, their reciprocal need to compromise.
		Madrid's participants knew from the beginning that even if the journey down this road had begun, there were no shortcuts to peace.
		We knew that the Madrid Conference was the starting point of a long road that, on the horizon, would lead to the squaring of circles and the eventual bridging of presently polarized positions in order to forge a comprehensive peace.
	www.jcpa.org /jl/vp472.htm (2295 words)

	ei: Madrid Peace Conference (30 October 1991)
		Toward that end, the president of the U.S. and the president of the USSR invite you to a peace conference, which their countries will co-sponsor, followed immediately by direct negotiations.
		The Gulf Cooperation Council will be invited to send its secretary- general to the conference as an observer, and GCC member states will be invited to participate in organizing the negotiations on multilateral issues.
		It is their intention to convene the conference and negotiations with those parties who agree to attend.
	electronicintifada.net /bytopic/historicaldocuments/60.shtml (677 words)

	US Campaign to End the Israeli Occupation : What was the Madrid peace conference in 1991?
		The Madrid peace conference was ostensibly under joint U.S.-Soviet invitation, but with the Soviet Union about to collapse, there was no question that Washington was in sole charge.
		Madrid was designed to look like the long-sought international peace conference—invitations were sent to the European Union, Japan, many Arab countries and more—but the glittering international gala provided only the ceremonial opening to the actual negotiations.
		President George Bush Senior, opening the conference, said its aim was to achieve a "just, lasting, and comprehensive peace" in the Middle East, not simply to end the state of war and replace it with a state of non-belligerency.
	www.endtheoccupation.org /article.php?id=204&print=1&printsafe=1 (750 words)

	"Yossi Beilin, George W. Bush - Call War-weakened Leaders To a Second Madrid Conference - Forward.com"
		Such a conference could be a second Madrid Conference, a multilateral gathering of parties interested in Middle East peace — and it could be convened this October 30, the 15th anniversary of the first Madrid Conference.
		After all, the first Madrid Conference of 1991 was convened by the first President Bush, and is historically judged to have been a success.
		Participation in an international conference aimed at reaching peace agreements between Israel and the Palestinians, the Syrians and the Lebanese, at a cost of the West Bank and Golan Heights, would be a lifesaver for Olmert.
	www.forward.com /articles/call-war-weakened-leaders-to-a-second-madrid-confe (928 words)

	Gulfnews: 'Total approach' to peace is crucial for region
		Madrid: US Secretary of State, Condoleezza Rice's tour of the Middle East will succeed in pushing forward the Arab-Israeli peace process, according to one of the organisers of Madrid+15.
		Felipe GonzÃ¡lez, former Prime Minister of Spain and one of the organisers of the 1991 Madrid Peace Conference, highlighted the positive improvement of peace culture in the Madrid+15 event compared to the Madrid Peace Conference.
		We, the organisers of the Madrid Peace Conference in 1991, were in favour of breaking up the whole issue of peace between Israel and its Arab neighbours into small issues in order to ease the path for final peace.
	archive.gulfnews.com /articles/07/01/18/10097678.html (495 words)

	News: Occupied Palestinian Territory, Hamas comments one bright spot 15 years after Madrid
		MADRID, Jan 11 (Reuters) - Palestinian and Israeli moderates praised an acknowledgement of Israel's existence by the exiled head of Hamas but were gloomy about the chances of a settlement 15 years after peace talks began in Madrid.
		The 1991 talks ended without concrete proposals but laid the ground for the Oslo Accords - a framework peace deal - a treaty between Israel and Jordan, and a decade of negotiations that came tantalisingly close to a peace settlement.
		Conference speakers said there were few bright spots in the current crisis, characterised by unilateralism and growing extremism on both sides.
	www.reliefweb.int /rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/LZEG-6XCNDV?OpenDocument (509 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Netanyahu's mock initiative flops
		Madrid II poses a threat to the peace process, because it may alter the rules of the current peace negotiations.
		Minister of Education Hanan Ashrawi described Netanyahu's Madrid II proposal as "a cheap and obvious attempt to negate the basis of Madrid." She said Netanyahu was "distracting the world with test balloons to divert attention from the minefield he is creating on the ground."
		Netanyahu's retraction of Madrid II is reminiscent of his withdrawal last week of a proposal to organise a national referendum on further redeployment in the West Bank.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /1998/384/eg6.htm (1164 words)

	washingtonpost.com: The Middle East Conference
		BY PROPOSING an international conference on the Middle East, the Bush administration has committed itself to yet another escalation of its engagement in a conflict it long tried to avoid.
		But if it is to succeed, both the conference and the renewed diplomatic process around it will have to be forcefully steered by the Bush administration and its new quartet, in much the way that similar international coalitions fashioned solutions in the Balkans.
		Though he says he favors a regional conference, he continues to advocate a "long-term" interim settlement with the Palestinians and says he will not even discuss the problem of Israel's steadily expanding settlements in the West Bank and Gaza Strip until after the next Israeli elections, due late next year.
	www.washingtonpost.com /ac2/wp-dyn/A30580-2002May4?language=printer (640 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News
		The first-ever public bilateral talks between Israel and its neighbors (except Egypt) were aimed at achieving peace treaties between the 3 Arab states and Israel, while the talks with the Palestinians were based on a 2-stage formula, the first consisting of negotiating interim self-government arrangements, to be followed by permanent status negotiations.
		At the end of the Madrid conference all participating countries appeared hopeful that the conference had resulted in a future road-map for reconciliation.
		Thus, the Madrid conference was not to be the conference which would create peace in the Middle East, albeit the first step towards greater understanding and better communication among Middle Eastern countries.
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Madrid_Conference_of_1991 (1190 words)

	Palestine Center - U.S.-Soviet Letter Of Invitation to the Peace Talks in Madrid
		The following is the full text of the invitation to the Madrid peace conference jointly issued by U.S. Secretary of State James Baker and Soviet Foreign Minister Boris Pankin to Israel, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, and the Palestinians.
		To facilitate preparations for the conference, and ensuring negotiations, we urgently request your positive response as soon as possible, but no later than 6:00 p.m.
		The Gulf Cooperation Council will be invited to send its secretary-general to the conference as an observer, and GCC member states will be invited to participate in organizing the negotiations on multilateral issues.
	www.palestinecenter.org /cpap/documents/Letter.html (807 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Moratinos suggested that contrary to the original Madrid conference, the Quartet of Middle East mediators be expanded to include new countries.
		The Madrid peace conference of 1991 brought together former US President George Bush, Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev, Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir and foreign ministers from Jordan, Syria, Lebanon and Egypt.
		The conference was based on the principle that Israel should give up occupied land in return for peace with its Arab neighbors, as had already happened between Israel and Egypt.
	www.ynetnews.com /articles/0,7340,L-3308955,00.html (395 words)

	NITLE Arab World Project
		The proposed instrument of conflict resolution was an international peace conference jointly sponsored by the United States and the Soviet Union.
		In the short term, the Madrid Conference was more about public gestures than substantive discussions, and subsequent events have tended to relegate it to thebackground.
		The Madrid Conference also focused attention onthe Palestinian delegation, which was composed of "insiders," that is, Palestinians who lived and worked in the occupied territories.
	arabworld.nitle.org /texts.php?module_id=3&reading_id=1026&sequence=2 (1159 words)

	The Israel-Syria Track
		It argues that for ideological and strategic security considerations the Likud government of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu is unwilling to abide by the "land for peace" formula established in the 1991 Madrid Peace Conference.
		It was also the basis on which the Madrid Conference of 1991 was convened, which resulted in an Israeli-Palestinian Agreement in 1993 and an Israeli-Jordanian full-peace treaty in 1995.
		Syria's approach to the Madrid Peace Conference was based on two conditions: all lands occupied by Israel in 1967 were to be returned as a precondition for any agreement, and the peace should be comprehensive.
	www.mepc.org /journal_vol6/9902_hajjar.asp (8516 words)

	Invitation to Madrid Conference (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Israelis were not interested in such a conference because they felt that they would get better terms when negotiating with individual arab countries.
		The Madrid Invitation, inviting Israel, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan and the Palestinians to the conference represents the result.
		The conference ultimately made little progress, but after the Rabin government came to power in 1992, Israelis and Palestinians opened an independent line of negotiations.
	www.mideastweb.org /MadridConference.htm (872 words)

	Why The Madrid Bombings
		It threatens to re-open the MADRID conference of 1991, a very peculiar threat indeed and one which must have meant something to those in the know in Israel.
		Madrid - International forum seeking a solution to the Israel-Palestinian problem Meanwhile, Israeli Knesset members and Palestinian administration officials are meeting in Madrid as guests of an international forum seeking a solution to the Israel-Palestinian problem, Israel Radio reported Friday.
		Speaking at a brief news conference in Toledo with Labor Party Chairman Shimon Peres and Palestinian negotiations minister Saeb Erekat, Palacio said that, "an association of Palestine and Israel" with the EU at "the conclusion of this peace process...
	www.rense.com /general50/whythemadridbombings.htm (4113 words)

	Approaches/Peace process review: October 1991 (1 November 1991)
		It was agreed, therefore, to convene a ceremonial opening conference of one to two days, in which the representatives of the various parties and the sponsors would make speeches, and which would later be dispersed.
		It is true that we were told that the conference would be able to reconvene if this was acceptable to all parties; Israel, however, for its part, declared that there was no need or justification for its continued existence for any purpose whatsoever, and that we would not support its reconvening.
		"The conferees discussed the topics presented to the peace conference, scheduled to be held in Madrid on 30 October 1991, with the aim of establishing full coordination of the positions of their Governments on these topics and ensuring a unified Arab stance throughout the various stages of the conference and subsequent talks.
	domino.un.org /UNISPAL.NSF/ec8db69f77e7a33e052567270057e591/f952a47244aa95da852560ef0068e15f?OpenDocument (18037 words)

	Madrid Peace Conference 1991
		In October/November 1991, just after the Gulf War, the United States and Russia convened an Arab-Israeli peace conference in Madrid.
		The historic conference marked the first time that Israel, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, and a Palestinian delegation (which was officially part of the Jordanian delegation) sat at the same table to negotiate.
		The participants agreed to establish two tracks for negotiations: a bilateral track for direct negotiations between Israel and Syria, Israel and Lebanon, and Israel and the Jordanian/Palestinian delegation; and a multilateral track for region-wide negotiations on issues such as water, environment, refugees, arms control and economic development.
	www.adl.org /israel/advocacy/glossary/madrid_peace_conference.asp (211 words)

	Madrid conference opens to mark 1991 Mideast peace talks _Europe—China Economic Net
		An international conference began on Wednesday to commemorate the 1991 peace talks which brought Israeli and Arab leaders together for the first time and paved way for the Oslo Accords.
		The two-day conference brought together foreign ministers from Denmark, Norway and Sweden, and experts from the United Nations, the United States, Russia and the Middle East.
		The Madrid conference in October 1991 set the framework for a peace process which ultimately led to the Oslo Accords, which in 1993 outlined a plan for a Palestinian state.
	en.ce.cn /World/Europe/200701/12/t20070112_10071009.shtml (336 words)

	´Madrid +15 Conference´ Recalls 1991 Peace Talks - Politics & Government - Israel News - Arutz Sheva
		Among the Israelis at the conference are Knesset Members Yisrael Hason (Yisrael Beiteinu) and Ophir Pines-Paz (Labor), and former government ministers Dan Meridor, Roni Milo, Moshe Shahal and Shlomo Ben-Ami.
		The current conference was in fact the first time in seven years that Syrians and Israelis had sat together at the same conference table.
		The original Madrid Middle East Peace Conference, initiated in the wake of the first Gulf War against Iraq for the liberation of Kuwait, was the first time Israeli and Arab leaders publicly met face-to-face for deliberations.
	israelnationalnews.com /news.php3?id=119300 (601 words)

	Israel (02/07)
		In October 1991, the United States and the Soviet Union convened the Madrid Conference, in which Israeli, Lebanese, Jordanian, Syrian, and Palestinian leaders laid the foundations for ongoing negotiations designed to bring peace and economic development to the region.
		The landmark October 1991 Madrid conference recognized the importance of Security Council Resolutions 242 and 338 in resolving regional disputes, and brought together for the first time Israel, the Palestinians, and the neighboring Arab countries, launching a series of direct bilateral and multilateral negotiations.
		These talks were designed to finally resolve outstanding security, border, and other issues between the parties while providing a basis for mutual cooperation on issues of general concern, including the status of refugees, arms control and regional security, water and environmental concerns, and economic development.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/3581.htm (5870 words)

	Background of Madrid Peace Conference, 1991
		The breakup of the Soviet Union and the Gulf War reshaped the basic political order of the Middle East.
		The Madrid Invitation, inviting Israel, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan and the Palestinians to an opening conference jointly sponsored by the US and the Soviet Union on October 30, 1991, represents the result of this shuttle diplomacy.
		The conference itself is described on the page titled What happened at the 1991 Madrid Peace Conference?
	www.palestinefacts.org /pf_1967to1991_madrid_1991.php (184 words)

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