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Topic: Madurese

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	Ethnologue report for language code:mad
		East Madurese, especially Sumenep, is considered 'high', or 'standard Madurese'.
		Bangkalon, spoken in Surabaya, is important economically because that is the city with the greatest outside contact and commerce.
		Purwo, Bambang K. "Factors influencing comparison of Sundanese, Javanese, Madurese, and Balinese."
	www.ethnologue.com /show_language.asp?code=mad (160 words)

	Madurese language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Madurese is the spoken language of people from Madura island in Indonesia; it is also spoken on Kangean Islands, Sapudi Islands, and in parts of province of East Java.
		It is classified in the Sundic subgroup of the West Malayo-Polynesian group of the Austronesian languages family.
		Madurese has more consonants than its neighboring languages due to it having a voiceless unaspirated, voiceless aspirated, and voiced sounds.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Madurese_language (198 words)

	Indonesia: Racial killings in Kalimantan fostered by government policy
		Madurese settlers, some of whom came as early as the 1920s, account for about 8 percent of the 800,000 people in the Sambas district, and 2 percent of West Kalimantan's overall population of three million people.
		The Madurese, the chief target for racial vilification by local politicians, form one of the poorest layers of the transmigrants in Kalimantan.
		Madurese are accused of being aggressive, criminals, and untrustworthy.
	www.wsws.org /articles/1999/apr1999/indo-a06.shtml (1043 words)

	Brneo97d
		A Madurese man named Ustadz Omar Farukh was arrested (and remained in detention as of early August 1997) on incitement charges for having telephoned around to various Madurese, spreading the news of Habib Ali's death.
		Madurese sources said that at one point a large group of people thought they were escaping but were herded into a warehouse, which was locked and set on fire.
		Some Madurese took his participation as evidence of police involvement on the side of the Dayak, but in addition to whatever personal motivation he may have had, Rusman was unlikely to have been representing the police as an agency.
	www.hrw.org /reports/1997/wkali/Brneo97d-04.htm (8496 words)

	The Jakarta Post - The Journal of Indonesia Today
		The clashes between Dayaks and Madurese shocked the world and were further exacerbated by the fact that the government was incredibly slow in responding, highlighting its insensitivity to the images of bodies with heads severed and others with entrails spilling out.
		The Madurese marched down the town's streets, flying banners with "Sampit is a Madurese town" and "Sampit is the second Sampang" (a major town in Madura).
		Madurese, who first set foot on the country's biggest territory in the 1960s through government-sponsored transmigration programs, are said to control economic life in Kalimantan, while their Dayak counterparts are poor and largely marginalized.
	www.thejakartapost.com /detailreview2001.asp?fileid=20011227.K13 (1348 words)

	02/26/01 -- Borneo's headhunters enraged by centuries of loss (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The warrior-like Madurese are renowned for their hot-tempered aggression, which sits at odds with the normally reserved, accepting Dayaks.
		The Madurese are easy targets for Dayak resentment because they too are largely powerless and because what little economic success they enjoy is usually conspicuous as market stallholders.
		Madurese are Muslim and most Dayaks still follow their ancient kaharingan traditions — a mixture of animism and ancestor worship.
	forests.org /archive/indomalay/bohhenr1.htm (659 words)

	washingtonpost.com: Savage Attacks Terrorize Migrants on Borneo
		By the end of the day, Dayak fighters had beheaded and hacked to death scores of Madurese migrants, including women and young children, in one of the most savage outbreaks of ethnic violence to strike Indonesia in recent years.
		Pranoto said the mob was provoked to attack by two Dayaks who were upset that they lost their jobs to Madurese in a government reorganization.
		Now, the Madurese from Sampit will join an estimated 1 million other Indonesians who have become refugees in their own land, fleeing from fighting in Aceh, Irian Jaya, the Spice Islands and other parts of Borneo.
	www.washingtonpost.com /ac2/wp-dyn/A47428-2001Feb23?language=printer (1147 words)

	TIMEasia.com \| From Sapporo to Surabaya \| Bound to Wander \| 8/21/2000
		Sapan, 42, used to run with a Madurese gang in the Surabaya underworld until the early '80s, when thousands of suspected criminals were mysteriously murdered.
		But his story fits the Madurese stereotype: a people brave and clannish, with their own code of honor (known as carok)—and a propensity for violence.
		However humble, the Madurese have their place in Surabaya, where the ethnic balance remains far healthier than in many other troubled Indonesian cities—a land of millions of people living far from their homes.
	www.time.com /time/asia/features/ontheroad/indonesia.gangsters.html (1226 words)

	Troops flown in clash erupts during rescue operations in Borneo
		Madurese settlers have been mutilated and decapitated by their ethnic rivals amid reports of cannibalism.
		Thousands of Dayaks and Malays were encircling an area in Rambaian in Tebas subdistrict, where some 4,000 Madurese settlers remain trapped and awaiting evacuation, West Kalimantan Police Chief Colonel Chaerul Rasyidi told the SCT private television channel.
		In 1997 tensions between the Dayaks and the Madurese erupted into violence, leaving 300 dead according to the official toll.
	www.geocities.com /CapitolHill/Senate/9389/safe_march99/troops_flown_in_clash_erupts_dur.htm (633 words)

	Native tribe blames migrants for hard times on Borneo
		The Madurese are all thieves and murderers," he said, sitting in his wooden hut on the banks of the Mentaya river, which snakes through dense rain forest.
		On Tuesday, 6,000 Madurese refugees disembarked from a passenger liner in the port of Surabaya on Indonesia's main island, Java, after escaping the slaughter on Borneo.
		The Madurese were first brought to Indonesia's portion of Borneo (Brunei and part of Malaysia also share the island) in large numbers about 40 years ago as part of government efforts to relieve overcrowding in other parts of the country.
	www.freep.com /news/nw/zborneo8_20010308.htm (708 words)

	CNN.com In-Depth Specials - Kalimantan's Agony: The failure of Transmigrasi
		Mistimah's mother, for example, was born in Kalimantan, though she is ethnically Madurese.
		She pats the hand of her affable Madurese husband who she met, married and built a home with in Kalimantan.
		But ask a Madurese and he is likely to agree, provided you mention the positive steretypes as well -- hard-working, ambitious, and loyal.
	edition.cnn.com /SPECIALS/2001/kalimantan/overview.html (645 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Some Madurese returned to Madura, others moved in with relatives in other parts of West Kalimantan, some were housed in temporary barracks at army posts and in other holding centers.
		As a result of the renewed violence, at least 200 Madurese were killed and some 35,000 others (35 percent of the Madurese population in West Kalimantan) fled to the provincial capital, Pontianak, and other nearby towns.
		After the murder of several Madurese who had returned to Sambas to dispose of their property, the possibility of a general return of the IDPs was ruled out.
	www.idpproject.org /Sites/IdpProjectDb/idpSurvey.nsf/wViewCountries/74C5E0CBDE65EAD2C12569600049FFC6 (1278 words)

	UI linguist wins $185,000 NSF grant to study indigenous Indonesian language
		Despite the size of the native speaking population and the fact that Madurese is the third largest regional language of Indonesia, very little work has been done to record and study its syntax.
		He said that studying Madurese a language spoken by a significant number of people yet not spoken or understood by many scholars provides an excellent opportunity to add to the breadth of the field of linguistics.
		The descriptive grammar of Madurese syntax Davies will write based on his three-year research project is not the type of grammar "textbook" familiar to those who have studied English or any other language in an attempt to learn to speak or write the language.
	www.uiowa.edu /~ournews/1998/october/1026linguist.html (602 words)

	INDONESIA: Development Inspires Violence in Central Kalimantan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		However, the relative calm was only because most of the Madurese immigrants had sought sanctuary in camps or had been evacuated to the island of Java.
		The governor of Central Kalimantan claims that 24,000 Madurese have left Kalimantan during the past week, mainly by ship to East Java, and he hopes that the rest will have departed by March 11.
		We commend such initiatives as those in Yogya where Madurese and Dayak students have jointly expressed solidarity, understanding and mutual support during the current violence and have urged their communities back home to find peaceful solutions.
	www.ahrchk.net /hrsolid/mainfile.php/2001vol11no4/51 (1797 words)

	INDONESIA: Madurese Migrants Flee Kalimantan Town
		At least 400 people were killed in February when the Dayaks went on the rampage in other parts of the province, accusing the Madurese of taking their land and their jobs.
		Dayak spokesman Professor Usop told the BBC that as long as the Madurese were being evacuated, there was no reason for Dayak fighters to do anything.
		Elsewhere, the entire Madurese population has been forced to flee, and tens of thousands of people are living in makeshift camps.
	www.ahrchk.net /news/mainfile.php/ahrnews_200104/1404 (334 words)

	CNN.com - Wahid pledges safe haven for Madurese - March 10, 2001
		"For those Madurese who are not willing to go back to Sampit, we will discuss their relocation," he said, referring to the town worst hit by the violence.
		Almost 500 Madurese were killed -- many beheaded -- and at least 50,000 fled in the violence which erupted late last month when Wahid was on an overseas tour.
		As the Madurese thrived, Dayak resentment grew over their presence and culminated in the latest violence.
	edition.cnn.com /2001/WORLD/asiapcf/southeast/03/10/indonesia.wahid (481 words)

	Indonesian police ordered to shoot rioters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		On Tuesday, witnesses related stories of the massacre of 118 Madurese on a football field in Parenggean, located on the road between Sampit and Palangkaraya.
		Survivors said the victims, including 20 children, were lured from their jungle hide-out by government promises of safe passage only to be hacked to death by a Dayak mob who drove away outnumbered officers.
		The authorities broadcast the agreement over loudspeakers and encouraged the Madurese to gather at a government office guarded by six policemen, he said.
	www.usatoday.com /news/world/2001-02-28-indonesia.htm (792 words)

	Behind Ethnic War, Indonesia's Old Migration Policy- Global Policy Forum - UN Security Council
		One sign of the government's impotence was the slaughter of 118 fleeing Madurese Sunday by a Dayak gang despite the presence of 15 armed policemen.
		Prodding resentment by native Dayaks - a loose term for dozens of related tribes who were feared headhunters in the 19th century - has been the Madurese domination of petty trading in the towns and their role working in the vanishing timber stands, which are controlled by military and other business interests in Jakarta.
		Thousands were killed, and 60,000 Madurese remain homeless, with the land they were living in reclaimed by Dayaks, and the island they came from decades ago no longer their home.
	www.globalpolicy.org /security/natres/timber/2001/0301brno.htm (840 words)

	Witnesses Detail Slaughter Of 118 Madurese on Borneo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Today, security forces turned their weapons on each other in a morning-long gun battle near the port in the town of Sampit, where about 30,000 Madurese refugees were waiting to board ships to evacuate them to other parts of the Indonesian archipelago.
		The Madurese, who had fled ethnic violence in the village, were told to gather at a government building in the town that was to be protected by police.
		The Dayak mob then trucked 118 of the Madurese -- including 20 children -- to a nearby soccer field, where six were beheaded and 112 were hacked to death with machetes, spears and knives.
	www.genocidewatch.org /borneo4.htm (829 words)

	ReliefWeb » Document Preview » Refugee voices: Madurese displaced in Indonesia
		One of her neighbors came running to her house and told her that there was a riot going on and that many Madurese and Dayaks were being killed.
		Madurese displaced people living in camps receive rice from the World Food Program (WFP) and the Indonesian Red Cross.
		They asked Madurese IDPs which option in the government’s new IDP policy they would choose: integration, relocation, or return.
	www.reliefweb.int /rw/rwb.nsf/AllDocsByUNID/81ef451995ca7de049256ba30005fbb8 (566 words)

	PreventConflict.org - Maps - Kalimantan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		After a Dayak was stabbed to death by Madurese at a brawl fight, several hundred Dayak came out in search of the murderers and went on a rampage, attacking and burning houses, cars and other property of the Madurese.
		The majority Madurese then "took control" of Sampit, killing up to 24 Dayak and waving banners in the streets with slogans such as "Sampit is a Madurese town" and "Sampit is the second Sampang" (a major town in Madura).
		Approximately 33,000 Madurese fled the city to the jungle or to the district head office.
	www.preventconflict.org /portal/main/maps_kalimantan_conflict.php (937 words)

	Asiaweek.com
		The battle is between the Dayaks and immigrants from Madura, a densely populated island in the center of the Indo-nesian archipelago.
		Soon after, five Madurese died in clashes around the village of Sanggau Ledo, and thousands were forced to flee their homes.
		But in the countryside, it was the Madurese who began fearing for their lives.
	www.asiaweek.com /asiaweek/97/0307/nat1.html (913 words)

	Inside Indonesia 51 - The horror in Kalimantan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Most remaining Madurese houses were burned at this time, or simply destroyed if they were close to the mosque or the markets, perhaps indicating some sensitivity to the possibility that fire might spread to places of religious or commercial importance owned by other ethnic groups.
		Madurese homes were not the only ones burned - one report said some houses belonging to Javanese transmigrants may also have been burned.
		Many of the victims were apparently Madurese who had been evacuated in the first wave of violence but who had been told by Abri that it was now safe to return home.
	www.serve.com /inside/edit51/hrw2.htm (2605 words)

	The Hindu : 8 more killed by Dayaks in Kalimantan
		Another eight Madurese migrants have been killed by indigenous Dayak tribesmen in and around the town of Sampit in the Central Kalimantan province of Indonesia, reports from the area said.
		Apparently, some of the Madurese had gone into the town area to look for food from their forest hideouts when they were attacked.
		Thousands of Madurese refugees have fled or been evacuated from Central Kalimantan in the wake of the violence.
	www.hinduonnet.com /2001/03/19/stories/0319000k.htm (218 words)

	Madurese language -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Madurese is the spoken language of people from (Click link for more info and facts about Madura) Madura island.
		It is classified in the Sundic subgroup of the West Malayo-Polynesian group of the (The family of languages spoken in Australia and Formosa and Malaysia and Polynesia) Austronesian languages family.
		It was traditionally written in the (Click link for more info and facts about Javanese script) Javanese script, but the (Click link for more info and facts about Roman script) Roman script is now more commonly used.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/m/ma/madurese_language.htm (94 words)

	BBC News \| ASIA-PACIFIC \| More Madurese flee Borneo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The administration is not kicking them out, it is the Madurese themselves who are conscious that their continued presence here at this time could worsen the situation.
		But according to the BBC's Richard Galpin, who is in Pangkalanbun, this was the last major town where Madurese were able to live in relative safety, and their evacuation completes the final stage of a campaign of ethnic cleansing by the Dayaks.
		The Madurese leaders have said that members of their community would return to the town once the situation improved.
	news.bbc.co.uk /hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_1267000/1267490.stm (448 words)

	Racial killings in Borneo: a symptom of deep-seated social tensions
		Five Madurese were killed, provoking retaliation the following day, which in turn rapidly escalated into systematic attacks on settlers in Sampit and surrounding villages.
		As in the case of the ethnic fighting in the Malukus, the military commanders are using the violence in Kalimantan to strengthen their own position through the establishment of Military Command Regions (Kodams)—a system of military administration that reaches down to the village level.
		The Madurese first arrived in Kalimantan in the 1920s and 1930s, but the majority of settlers came under the Indonesian government program of transmigration that involved dispersing millions of the urban and rural poor from the heavily populated islands of Java, Bali and Madura to the outer islands.
	www.wsws.org /articles/2001/feb2001/indo-f27.shtml (1346 words)

	Shia News \| Asia \| More Madurese settlers flee violence in Indonesia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The violence that began two weeks ago left more than 450 Madurese settlers dead in Borneo's Central Kalimantan province, where Dayak natives beheaded and hacked their victims to death in an attempt to drive settlers from the area.
		The Madurese began arriving on Borneo in large numbers four decades ago as part of a government-ordered campaign to relieve their native Madura Island of overcrowding.
		The Madurese and the Dayaks, the Borneo natives who number about 2 million, have never mixed well, competing with each other for jobs, land and education.
	www.shianews.com /hi/asia/news_id/0000855.php (612 words)

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