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Topic: Magdalene laundries

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	Wikinfo \| Magdalene laundry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Mentally handicapped women and girls were not sent to Magdalene laundries if their disability was so severe that they could not wash clothes.
		The laundries were named for Mary Magdalene, the prostitute who repented her sins and became one of Jesus' closest followers.
		The Magdalene victims suffered oppressive work, they sometimes had their heads shaved, were made to fast, once a week there were, "mortifications" when women were stripped and their supposed vanity was ridiculed.
	www.internet-encyclopedia.org /wiki.php?title=Magdalene_laundry (3229 words)

	Convent From Hell; The Magdalene Sisters and Catholic Guilt \| BustedHalo.com
		Magdalene Laundries are a chapter of Catholicism that has been relatively unheard of outside of the Emerald Isle.
		The Magdalene Sisters is the story of three young women who are sent to the one of the aforementioned laundries, a type of reform school for "wayward" women, women thought to be hussies and whores.
		Mary Magdalene did, working her way to heaven (although there is no scriptural evidence that she was a prostitute as is supposed).
	www.bustedhalo.com /features/2003_35pop_culture.htm (718 words)

	Cruxnews.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Magdalene Sisters, a purposefully punishing exposé of the scandalous conditions inside Ireland’s Church-run Magdalene Laundries, definitely struck a chord on the Emerald Isle.
		According to Magdalene victims, it was often the fathers of the family who placed their daughters in these institutions, thinking they were reformatories designed to save “fallen women.” Many of these abandoned women were not destitute.
		According to the statement, “we grieve with all the victims of the Magdalene Laundries and pray that they experience God’s comfort and healing in their lives.” The Sisters of Mercy operated three of these laundries in Ireland, all of which are now closed.
	www.cruxnews.com /rose/rose-magdalensisters.html (3968 words)

	New York Times: How Ireland Hid Its Own Dirty Laundry
		Yes, in that the laundries' existence was well known enough to become part of the vernacular, to have generated nicknames, proverbs, cautionary tales: the domestic architecture of demotic speech.
		The moral horror of the Magdalene laundries is that the abuses they perpetrated were not the outgrowths of simple sadism, or even of unmindfulness, but of a belief that they were intended for the victims' own good.
		And it is important to remember that the Magdalene laundries came into being in the social, political and religious context of Victorian Ireland, and the defenders of the laundries say that we must also put them in their historical context.
	www.grailwerk.com /docs/nytimes15.htm (1492 words)

	Magdalene Laundries: Catholic orders concentrating their efforts in Asia and Africa \| NAC (via CobWeb/3.1 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The existence of Magdalene Laundries was little thought of until in Ireland, in 1993, the Sisters of Our Lady of Charity of Refuge sold part of the grounds of their convent in Dublin for a million pounds.
		Magdalene Laundries were, in essence, sweatshops served by the slave labour of the women imprisoned there without trial or release date.
		In it she made the point that the more good-hearted nuns were not encouraged to serve in the Magdalene Laundries or in the Catholic orphanages, and those who did and were reviled at what they saw were sent far away (often to Africa) to keep them from revealing the abuses.
	www.nac1.bravehost.com.cob-web.org:8888 /magdalene/magdalene_laundries.html (1739 words)

	The Militant - November 3, 2003 -- ‘Magdalene Laundry’ workhouses were prisons for women in Ireland
		Children who misbehaved were told to mend their ways or “they’d be sent to the laundries with the sisters.” At the same time, the social stigma attached to being locked up in the laundries meant that for many decades women who had been detained there would rarely speak out about what they had experienced.
		The first laundries were established at a time when all of Ireland was under direct British rule, before the anticolonial struggle that led to the creation of an independent state in 26 of Ireland’s 32 counties.
		In the wake of this uncompleted anti-imperialist struggle, maintaining the laundries became a part of what Ireland’s new capitalist rulers viewed as necessary for assisting in the oppression of women and consequently in the consolidation of capitalist rule in the new state in the decades after the war of independence.
	www.themilitant.com /2003/6738/673842.html (1262 words)

	Magdalen Asylum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Magdalen Asylums grew out of the rescue movement in Britain and Ireland in the 19th century, which had as its formal goal the rehabilitation of women who had worked as prostitutes.
		As the Magdalen movement became increasingly distant from the original ideas of the Rescue Movement, that is, to take prostitutes off the streets who would not find regular employment because of their background, the Asylums took on an increasingly prison-like character.
		The conditions of the convents and the treatment of the inmates was shown in the acclaimed film The Magdalene Sisters (2002), written and directed by Peter Mullan.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Magdalen_Asylum (1346 words)

	washingtonpost.com: The Mysteries of Mary Magdalene
		Magdalene's reputation as a wanton woman was sealed by 591 when Pope Gregory announced that the Magdalene, Mary of Bethany and the sinner were, in fact, the same woman.
		Magdalene's cult is based in southern France, where she supposedly fled for safety with Lazarus and his sister, Martha.
		By the 19th century, Magdalene was a synonym for prostitution, and she became the patron saint of reformed prostitutes and sexual temptation.
	www.danbrown.com /media/magdalene.html (2519 words)

	The Magdalene Sisters
		So influential was the church that many young women who were considered immoral were sent to the Magdalene laundries, nunneries in the form of prisons, where the accused were forced to work tireless hours under poor conditions and without pay for a lifetime of penance.
		Three girls from different walks of life are abandoned by their families and forced into lifeong servitude at The Magdalene Laundries, the asylum for unchaste women run by the Sisters of Magdalene order of the Irish Catholic Church.
		The obvious goal of the film was to showcase the grim aspects of the Magdalene laundries while also hinting at their hypocritical nature.
	www.cinescene.com /reviews/magdalene.htm (1010 words)

	The Magdalene Sisters (2002) - A Hollywood Jesus Movie Review
		We enter the story of the Magdalene Laundries in the 1960s as three young women are committed by their families to the keeping of nuns to make penance for their sexual sins.
		The idea behind such a system was that women who did not fit society's ideal of women needed to be taken away to protect society from their wantonness, and given the opportunity to repent and to spend their lives working off the sin (or supposed sin) that led to their committal.
		In The Magdalene Sisters it is certainly true of the nuns and the church in general.
	www.hollywoodjesus.com /Magdalene_Sisters.htm (954 words)

	CAST LIST
		Peter Mullan’s THE MAGDALENE SISTERS is based on the shocking true story of thousands of women who were rejected by their families and abandoned to the mercy of the Catholic Church.
		He was appalled by the hidden suffering of the Magdalene women. Having been deeply moved by documentary footage he saw, Mullan was incensed by the level of injustice these women suffered and wanted to bring their story to a wider audience.
		Magdalene homes were also common in Scotland in the same period so this brought authenticity to the location itself.
	www.cinemas-online.co.uk /films/magsis/microsite/production.html (2479 words)

	The Magdalene Laundries - News Stories
		A MAGDALENE Laundry survivor was in tears yesterday after she was handed a letter from her mother that cruel nuns had kept hidden from her for 35 years.
		Former members of the Magdalene Memorial Committee have joined with a group of Magdalene Laundry survivors to form a new group to campaign for justice for women who were incarcerated in Magdalene Laundries.
		The Magdalene Memorial Committee were sponsored last year by Miramax, thedistributors of "The Magdalene Sisters" in the US, for a worldwide postcard campaign calling for a public inquiry into the Magdalene Laundries and justice for these women who have been stripped of their freedom, rights and dignity.
	www.adoptionireland.com /magdalene/mag_news.html (4163 words)

	THE MAGDALENE SISTERS Joel Johnson Wolf Moon Press A Maine Journal of Art and Opinion
		The universality of that statement is supported by Peter Mullan’s film about the Magdalene laundries set up by the Catholic Church in Ireland to confine women who were deemed to be sexual sinners and were to be cleansed of their sins through the hard work of cleaning the clothes of others.
		The young women meet Sister Bridget (Geraldine McEwan), the laundry’s mother superior, who tells them they will be cleansed of their sins by “working beyond human endurance.” They are assigned to a dormitory, a room filled with two rows of beds, and join the numbing routine of working in the laundry.
		The character of the young girl sent to the laundry because of her sinfulness who then becomes a nun would appear to be a lost opportunity to show the pressures on both sides as well as a possible sense of betrayal.
	www.wolfmoonpress.com /Movies/Magdalene.htm (1652 words)

	Croydon College - FilmBackground
		Some of the victims of the so-called Sisters of Mercy who ran the infamous Magdalene laundries have complained that the new film about the institutions is not a realistic depiction of their experiences.
		As women religious committed to mercy and justice throughout the world," the statement continues, "we grieve with all victims of the Magdalene Laundries and pray that they experience God's comfort and healing in their lives." A spokeswoman for the Sisters of Mercy said the apology was an attempt to "fully disclose" what happened.
		In it she made the point that the more good-hearted nuns were not encouraged to serve in the Magdalene laundries or in the Church orphanages, and those who did and were reviled at what they saw were sent far away (often to Africa) to keep them from revealing the abuses.
	tethys.croydon.ac.uk /magdalenecircle.nsf/pages/FilmBackground (2638 words)

	In God's Name \| Features \| Guardian Unlimited Film
		Very few of the Magdalene women, however, fell within the ambit of his redress act, which spares victims the trauma of having to pursue their persecutors through the courts.
		The laundries were not purely an Irish phenomenon, although a particularly sinister strain developed there in the 1930s when Eamon De Valera allowed the Catholic church to dictate the newly independent state's social policy.
		There were plenty of Magdalene laundries in Britain too, mostly Protestant ones, the last of which closed in the 1970s.
	film.guardian.co.uk /features/featurepages/0,4120,890489,00.html (1788 words)

	Laramie Movie Scope: The Magdalene Sisters
		The untold story of the Magdalenes began to be revealed several years ago when church property was sold in Dublin.
		On that property were the remains of 133 women from Magdalene laundries illegally buried there in unmarked graves.
		There is a real story of one woman, Mary Norris, who, like a character in the movie, was released by her brother from a Magdalene laundry after three years of hard labor.
	www.lariat.org /AtTheMovies/old/magdalen.html (1345 words)

	The Magdalene Sisters : The Irish in Film
		Based on the true stories of four young women, we are taken inside a Magdalene laundry where the sisters purposely work their charges 'beyond endurance,' believing that the sins of this world can be redeemed through hard labor.
		Meanwhile, the outside world fully believes the women imprisoned in the laundry are prostitutes truly deserving of their fate.
		It is frightening to learn that the Magdalene Laundries were not abolished until 1996.
	www.irishfilm.net /blurbs/MSis.html (138 words)

	A very Irish sort of hell - theage.com.au
		Taken away from her "unsuitable" mother (who was having a relationship with a local farmer) when she was 12, Norris later spent two years at a laundry run by the Good Shepherd Order, in Cork, which closed down only in 1994 (the last Magdalene laundry, in Dublin, closed in 1996).
		The day I arrived at the laundry, one of the nuns said, 'You can't be called Mary' (because it was a holy name), we'll call you Myra, and so for two years, Myra became my name.
		Norris was made to wear the Magdalene laundry's regulation clothes: her breasts flattened with a calico strip tightly knotted at one side and a long, shapeless dress to conceal her shape.
	www.theage.com.au /articles/2003/04/04/1048962932185.html (1868 words)

	Dirty linen - The Magdalene Sisters portrays cruelty and humiliation - Movie Review Christian Century - Find Articles
		Roman Catholics made Mary Magdalene a saint, and her name was attached to the "Magdalene laundries" that flourished in Ireland throughout the 1900s.
		But what they did most was laundry lots of it, while learning to fear the wrath of the nuns and priests who ran the institutions.
		The brutal story of the Magdalene laundries is the subject of The Magdalene Sisters, by Scottish actor/ writer/director Peter Mullan, who delivers numerous body blows to the Catholic Church.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1058/is_18_120/ai_107760362 (879 words)

	magdalene laundries (cheesedip.com) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Operated by the Sisters of the Magdalene Order, the laundries were virtual slave labor camps for generations of young thought to be unfit to live in Irish society.
		I was an inmate of the Magdalene Laundry in Denegal for three years.
		While little has beem known about the Magdalene laundries, beyond the walls that contained the secrets of abuse, is that these 'good' sisters established these hell holes in other countries as well.
	cheesedip.com /2003/01/31/magdalene_laundries.php (2219 words)

	CinemaSpeak.Com - The Magdalene Sisters
		The Magdalene Laundries were something of a juvenile detention center (although some "unreformed" women grew into old age there) for teenage girls who displayed any sort of sexual awareness.
		The misdeeds that land the film's three central figures, Margaret (Anne-Marie Duff), Bernadette (Nora-Jane Noone) and Rose (Dorothy Duffy) in one of the laundries are, respectively, being raped by a family member, smiling at a group of boys and bearing a child out of wedlock.
		There is blame to assign for the atrocity that was the Magdalene Laundries, and the director makes sure that you understand where he's pointing the finger.
	www.cinemaspeak.com /Reviews/magdalene.html (736 words)

	\| magdalene.org \| Traditional perspective of Mary Magdalene
		By the early Middle Ages, Mary Magdalene's reputation as a repentant sinner, however she came by it, was solidified.
		She was believed to have arrived on the banks of Gaul (present day France) with several others after the crucifixion, where she worked to help evangelize the region before retiring for thirty years to a small grotto in the mountains.
		Non-Catholic Christians, who aren't bound by Rome's decisions, hold various beliefs about Mary Magdalene, ranging from very liberal acceptance of some of the more recent theories of her marriage to Jesus to the extremely conservative traditional view that she was a redeemed prostitute.
	www.magdalene.org /persp_trad.php (1063 words)

	The Magdalene Sisters movie Review at The Z Review UK movie review
		The Magdalene Laundries were institutions run and maintained by the Catholic Church in Ireland for the detention of young women thought to be a moral danger to themselves and others.
		Although the films three main characters are loosely based on the accounts of former 'inmates' of a laundry near Dublin, the majority of the film is indeed factual and no one can ignore the terrible injustice the Magdalene Laundries represented.
		He uses the camera sensitively, in one scene the girls are made to parade naked whilst the nuns discuss which girl has the largest breasts, the camera never focuses on the girls bodies but instead on their ridiculed faces and on the nuns, who stand giggling and pointing.
	www.thezreview.co.uk /reviews/m/magdalenesistersthe.htm (950 words)

	OFFOFFOFF film review THE MAGDALENE SISTERS Irish movie by Peter Mullan with Geraldine McEwan, Anne-Marie Duff, ...
		By the '60s, the reasons for Magdalene incarceration had loosened so far as to include such ephemera as "being too pretty," thereby offering temptation to young men (a pre- emptive kind of rationale that seems all too familiar these days).
		That's the reason Bernadette (Nora-Jane Noone), a vivacious orphan is spirited off to the Magdalenes, while Margaret (Anne-Marie Duff) is sent by her family after a cousin rapes her.
		The Irish government is still trying to help Magdalene babies — wrested from their unwed mothers at birth — find those birth mothers who might still be living.
	www.offoffoff.com /film/2003/magdalenesisters.php (1048 words)

	DigsMagazine.com \| laze: flick pick: THE MAGDALENE SISTERS
		The Magdalene Sisters centers around a group of young girls who were confined at one of the Magdalene Laundries in the mid-60s.
		At the laundry, the girls serve under the dictatorial rule of Sister Bridget and her fellow nuns.
		The Magdalene Sisters isn't easy to watch, as it's impossible not to feel infuriated at the subjugation of these women by a religion claiming to be acting for the women's own good.
	www.digsmagazine.com /laze/flick_magdalenesisters.htm (491 words)

	The Magdalene Laundries (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		They are "The Magdalenes," ironically called after Mary the Magdalene, who served her Jesus loyally and was rewarded with his forgiveness and love.
		No such rewards exist for these "penitents." They were told to forever hide their shame inside these walls, work under harsh, spartan conditions, driven unmercifully by the sisters and often abused by them as well.
		In 1993, church property held by the Sisters of Charity in Dublin which once served as a convent laundry was to be sold back to the Republic for public use.
	www.netreach.net /~steed/magdalen.html (761 words)

	The Magdalene Sisters (2002): Geraldine McEwan, Ann-Marie Duff, Nora-Jane Noone - PopMatters Film Review
		Their circumstances are surely dire: they wear sacklike uniforms, work in the laundry room for hours on end, eat horrible food, and are not allowed to speak among themselves.
		The Magdalene Sisters doesn't quite take up these sorts of questions, focused as it is on the girls' perspective, their righteous outrage and fortitude in the face of inexplicable malice.
		As Mary Gordon observes in the New York Times, "The moral horror of the Magdalene laundries is that the abuses they perpetrated were not the outgrowths of simple sadism, or even of unmindfulness, but of a belief that they were intended for the victims' own good" (3 August 2003).
	www.popmatters.com /film/reviews/m/magdalene-sisters.shtml (1380 words)

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