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Topic: Magellanic Penguin

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	Magellanic Penguins
		Magellanic penguins have a broad fl band under their chin and another that runs in an inverted horseshoe shape around their fronts.
		Magellanic Penguins are considerably larger than Galapagos Penguins and the main fl band around the front is much narrower on Galapagos Penguins.
		Magellanic penguins breed on the east and western coasts of Chile and Argentina in South America, and on off shore islands and in the Falkland Islands.
	www.adelie.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk /species_notes/magell.htm (285 words)

	First Year Composition Program: 103
		Magellanic Penguins mostly forage within 40km of the nest site during this period, except in the Falklands where foraging is affected by commercial fishing.
		Magellanic Penguins declined severely in the Falkland Islands during the 1980's and 1990's, which coincided with the rise of commercial fishing for squid and finfish.
		Magellanic Penguins are also killed by crab fishermen around the remoter parts of southern Chile, the penguin carcasses being used to bait their crab pots.
	www.engl.niu.edu /fycomp/pix1.html (1822 words)

	Magellanic Penguin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) is a South American penguin, breeding in coastal Argentina, Chile and the Falkland Islands, with some migrating to Brazil.
		Its nearest relatives are the African Penguin, the Humboldt Penguin and the Galápagos Penguin.
		Magellanic penguins feed in the water, preying on cuttlefish, sardines, squid, krill, and other crustaceans.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Magellanic_Penguin (375 words)

	Magellanic Penguins - Wildlife of Antarctica - Antarctic Connection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Magellanic penguin is the largest of the temperate climate penguins (genus Spheniscus), which include: the Humboldt, the Galapagos, and the African penguins.
		Magellanic penguins inhabit the cold temperate waters and subantarctic regions of coastal Chile and Argentina.
		Magellanic penguin populations are considered to be stable, however, they do face threats from oil spills, overfishing of their food supply, and fishing net entanglement.
	www.antarcticconnection.com /antarctic/wildlife/penguins/magellanic.shtml (547 words)

	Penguins are starving to death
		Penguins fatten themselves up during February and March ready for the moult, but if food is too scarce during this period, they are in trouble.
		The nearest Rockhopper penguin colony to the Falklands is on Staten Island, Argentina.
		Magdalena Island in Chile is the nearest colony of Magellanic penguin burrows to the Falklands.
	www.falklands.net /PenguinsStarve.shtml (994 words)

	Falklands Penguins
		Penguins are among the most popular of birds today yet they were exploited by mankind in the Falkland Islands for at least two centuries.
		The Rockhopper Penguin is noisy, quarrelsome and the smallest penguin breeding in the Falklands.
		The Magellanic Penguin is a summer resident (population estimated at 100,000 pairs) which arrives to breed in the Islands in September.
	www.falklands-nature.demon.co.uk /penguins/penguins.html (981 words)

	Penguins: Magellanic Penguins - Spheniscus magellanicus
		Magellanic penguins are only found around the Falkland Islands and South America, but they are extremely numerous within these regions.
		Magellanic penguins mostly forage within 30km of the nest site during chick-rearing, except in the Falklands where longer foraging trips are forced by conflict with commercial fishing.
		Adult penguins in Chile and Argentina are able to return with food for their chicks on a daily basis, with foraging trips averaging 16 to 18 hours.
	www.penguins.cl /magellanic-penguins.htm (1957 words)

	San Francisco Zoo \| Animals \| Magellanic Penguin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Magellanic penguin is the most common of the 17 species of penguins.
		The bodies of penguins are torpedo shaped and streamlined for moving through the water at speeds up to 15 miles per hour (four times faster than the fastest human swimmer).
		There are still millions of Magellanic penguins on the coast of Argentina and Chile, but the large breeding colonies are vulnerable to oil spills and declining fish populations.
	www.sfzoo.org /cgi-bin/animals.py?ID=54 (651 words)

	The Tropical Penguins
		The Magellanic penguin is migratory and spends April through August at sea, following the ocean currents; and Sept through March at their breeding grounds along the coastlines of Argentina, southern Chile, and the Falkland Islands.
		The Magellanic chicks are born blind and helpless.
		The juvenile Magellanic penguins are smaller that the adults.
	www.eliasdesigns.com /penguins/tropical.htm (839 words)

	City of Boise - Parks & Recreation Department - Zoo - Penguins
		Standing 28” tall, Magellanic penguins have a wide fl strip under their chin and another in the shape of an upside down horseshoe on their stomachs.
		The population of Magellanic penguins declined severely in the Falkland Islands during the 1980’s and 1990’s due to competition with commercial fishing for squid and finfish.
		The 2000/2001 population of Magellanic penguins in the Falklands stood at less than 30% of the 1990-91 level, and this decline is still continuing.
	www.cityofboise.org /parks/zoo/index.aspx?id=Penguins (663 words)

	San Francisco Zoo \| Exhibits (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Extremely social birds, Magellanic penguins can be seen "flying" through the water at speeds up to 15 miles per hour, basking in the sun, preening or hanging out in one of 36 burrows on the Island.
		Since Magellanic penguins inhabit the Strait of Magellan and the coastal regions of Argentina, Chile and the Falkland Islands, they are right at home in San Francisco's temperate, marine climate.
		Penguin Island has one of the most successful captive breeding colonies in the world, with over 160 penguin chicks fledged since the old reflecting pool was renovated to accommodate penguins in 1984.
	www.sfzoo.org /cgi-bin/exhibits.py?ID=43 (293 words)

	Magellanic Penguin
		The magellanic penguin weighs about 7.7 pounds and is about 27 inches tall.
		Magellanic penguins have a broad fl band under their chin and another fl band that runs in an inverted horseshoe shape around their fronts.
		The magellanic penguin breeds from late September to February on the east and southern coasts of South America.
	expage.com /page/magellanicpenguin (148 words)

	Brief Species Notes
		Royal penguins are sometimes regarded as a sub-species of Macaroni penguins with a white throat.
		Rockhopper penguins are perhaps the commonest of the crested penguins.
		Magellanic penguins are also found around the coast of South America and on some South Atlantic islands.
	www.adelie.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk /species_notes/PENGNOTE.htm (875 words)

	Magellanic Penguin Spheniscus magellanicus
		The Magellanic Penguin is named after Ferdinand Magellan who first saw the bird in 1519 on his first voyage around the tip of South America.
		The Magellanic Penguin is classified as Near Threatened by IUCN (see their Red List of Threatened species for more information).
		Magellanic Penguins are known to live in the World Land Trust project area in Patagonia.
	www.worldlandtrust.org /animals/magellanic-penguin.htm (342 words)

	Penguin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		These fossils prove that prehistoric penguins were already flightless and seagoing, so their origins probably reach as far back as 65 million years ago, before the extinction of the dinosaurs.
		Penguin ancestry beyond Waimanu is not well known, though some scientists (Mayr, 2005) think the penguin-like plotopterids (usually considered relatives of anhingas and cormorants) may actually be an early sister group of the penguins, and that penguins may have ultimately shared a common ancestor with the Pelecaniformes.
		Penguin is thought by some to derive from the Welsh words pen (head) and gwyn (white), applied to the Great Auk, which had a conspicuous white patch between the bill and the eye (although its head was fl), or from an island off Newfoundland known as "White Head" due to a large white rock.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Penguin (1913 words)

	BBC - Science & Nature - Wildfacts - Magellanic penguin
		Magellanic penguins breed on the coast and offshore islands of Argentina, Chile and the Falkland islands in the cold temperate sub-Antarctic seas.
		Magellanic penguins build well spaced-out nests, in sometimes very large colonies, under bushes or in burrows.
		Magellanic penguins are classified as Lower Risk by the 2000 Red List of Threatened Species.
	www.bbc.co.uk /nature/wildfacts/factfiles/375.shtml (197 words)

	The Living Edens "Patagonia" -- Wildlife
		Revitalization of the species is a slow process, since penguins are monogamous and may take up to two years to mate with a new partner, and females lay only one egg each year.
		Penguins only live in the southern half of the world because they will not cross into warm ocean currents from cold Antarctic waters.
		Penguins lost their ability to fly millions of years ago after their wings developed into flippers.
	www.pbs.org /edens/patagonia/tomboanm.htm (494 words)

	Magellanic penguin
		Similar to African Penguin (to which it is very closely related), but breeding on the opposite side of the Atlantic.
		Humboldt Penguins lack the second dark breast band found in Magellanic Penguin and have more extensive areas of bare facial skin.
		Magellanic Penguins are migratory, some birds moving as far north as Peru and Brazil in winter.
	www.penguinworld.com /types/magellanic.html (258 words)

	American Scientist Online - South Beach Diet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		At 0.81 millimeter in thickness, without the egg membranes, Magellanic penguin shells are at least 56 percent thicker than bird eggs of similar mass.
		As they are gradually dissolved by stomach acid, the shells might alleviate penguin hunger pangs—and they last longer in the stomach during the time before eggs are hatched, since adults aren't regurgitating the contents of their stomachs to feed the chicks.
		Fights are common in, around and over nests—and when penguins go at it, says Boersma, "they're kind of doing karate chops to one another, and they stomp on the eggs." But a surprisingly large number of eggs escape the threats of rain and penguin-on-penguin violence.
	www.americanscientist.org /template/AssetDetail/assetid/33936 (739 words)

	Magellenic Penguins Project
		The Magellanic penguin project was started in 1982 as a result of a Japanese companies intention to harvest Magellanic penguins and turn them into golf gloves, meat and oil.
		Penguins are at the breeding colony during the spring and summer, from September to March, when researchers visit each nest and determine how each couple does raising their chicks.
		Because of the careful control of tourists, penguins and tourism seem to be compatible providing people an opportunity to learn about penguins and to help with their conservation.
	faculty.washington.edu /boersma/allabout.htm (869 words)

	Spheniscus magellanicus, Magellanic Penguin at MarineBio.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Magellanic penguins are preyed on at sea by sea lions, leopard seals and orcas (pictured above); birds of prey such as gulls and skuas prey on chicks and eggs.
		Magellanic penguins, Spheniscus magellanicus, return to colonies in September to form nests and 2 eggs, equal in size, are laid in October.
		Magellanic penguin populations declined in the Falkland Islands when food became scarce due to commercial fishing of squid and fish.
	marinebio.org /species.asp?id=654 (941 words)

	Galapagos Penguins - Wildlife of Antarctica - Antarctic Connection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		One of the main problems for Galapagos penguins is keeping cool which they do by spending much of their time swimming and hunting for food in the cold water of the Humboldt Current.
		Although the pattern of banding on Galapagos penguins is similar to that on Magellanic penguins, the Galapagos penguins are considerably smaller and the main fl band around their front is much thinner.
		Galapagos penguins are not migratory; they stay in temperate waters year round, eating mostly small tropical fish, such as mullet and sardines, and crustaceans caught on shallow pursuit dives.
	antarcticconnection.com /antarctic/wildlife/penguins/galapagos.shtml (516 words)

	ScienceDaily: Penguins Okay With Human Visitors -- For Now
		Magellanic Penguins nest in coastal colonies along the southern Atlantic and Pacific oceans of South America.
		Penguins Ingest Mollusk Shells To Obtain Calcium For Thicker Eggshells (May 11, 2004) -- It is virtually impossible for a prospective Magellanic penguin mother to find or build a soft spot to lay her eggs.
		Penguin Chicks Exposed To Human Visitors Experience Spike In Stress Hormone (September 28, 2005) -- Newly hatched magellanic penguin chicks in breeding grounds with a large number of human visitors show a significant spike in levels of a stress-related hormone compared to chicks hatched in areas...
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2006/01/060126200741.htm (1698 words)

	Antarctica: Magellanic Penguins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Magellanic Penguins frequent the Falkland Islands and live on the plentiful supply of squid in the surrounding waters.
		Magellanic penguins don't nest on rocks like other penguins, preferring to raise their young in shallow burrows.
		Magellanic penguins are notoriously shy and as I crept closer, they kept an equal distance of about 100m from me...
	www.cybamuse.com /antarctica/magellanic.htm (145 words)

	Homepage of Vladimir Dinets-Scotia Sea part 3
		Adelie penguin is the southernmost species, common on all coasts of the Antarctic continent.
		Magellanic penguins are fiercely territorial at nests, but often engage in cooperative feeding at sea.
		Magellanic penguins in having one dark breast band, not two.
	dinets.travel.ru /scotia3.htm (628 words)

	Penguin Migration
		A pilot study was initiated in late 1997 to study the winter migrations of Magellanic and Rockhopper Penguins breeding in the Falkland Islands.
		At the end of March 1998, ten Magellanic and five Rockhopper Penguins were successfully equipped at the end of their moult with satellite transmitters (platform transmitter terminals, PTT's) at Seal Bay in the north-east of the Falklands, using the method described by Wilson et al.
		However, one Magellanic Penguin was found dead on the beach near Puerto Madryn, Argentina, and the PTT was recovered.
	www.falklandsconservation.com /penguins/pengmig.html (1023 words)

	Magellanic Penguins: Interesting Thing of the Day
		I had, perhaps naïvely, always thought that penguins lived only in very cold climates, but here they were in droves quite merrily hanging around like so many tourists basking on the beach on a bright summer day.
		During the winter, Magellanic penguins can migrate as far north as Brazil on the Atlantic coast and Peru on the Pacific coast.
		Virtually everything I noticed about the penguins surprised me. I was astonished at how swiftly and gracefully they swam, how efficiently they lived, how skillfully they raised their families.
	itotd.com /articles/439/magellanic-penguins (1180 words)

	Magellanic Penguin Nesting Season Improves from Last Year
		After experiencing two consecutive disastorous nesting seasons, Magellenic penguins in Argentina’s Punta Tombo reserve seem to be making a bit of a comeback, according to Dr. Dee Boersma who has studied penguin populations for the Bronx Zoo-based Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) since 1983.
		Penguins are fat, eggs are nearly goose-sized, and there are lots of penguins at Punta Tombo.”;
		To better protect Magellanic penguin populations, WCS continues to support Dr. Boersma's research, while working closely with a number of conservation partners in Patagonia.
	www.wcs.org /353624/194215 (379 words)

	Article_Review
		The Magellanic Penguin is one of the 17 different species of penguins.
		By lowering the pH, Magellanic Penguins are able to store undigested food during the long journey home and deliver it to their hungry chicks.
		One of the aspects of the Magellanic Penguin colony that I found interesting is their loyalty to their mates.
	www.whozoo.org /Anlife2002/joecarp/ArticleReview.html (1036 words)

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