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Topic: Maghreb Arabic

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Maghreb toponymy

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	Western (Maghreb) Arabic ('aammiyya)
		Western, or Magreb, Arabic is a continuum of spoken dialects in the Maghreb (which means 'western' in Arabic), the region of Africa north of the Sahara desert and west of the Nile that includes Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya.
		Tunisian Arabic overlaps with Algerian Arabic in the west and Libyan Arabic in the south.
		Arabic is a Category III language in terms of difficulty for speakers of English.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/august/MoroccanArabic.html (1680 words)

	Britain.tv Wikipedia - Arabic language
		The Arabic language (Ø§ÙÙØºØ© Ø§ÙØ¹Ø±Ø¨ÙØ© al-luÄ¡ah al-Ê¿arabiyyah), or simply Arabic (Ø¹Ø±Ø¨Ù Ê¿arabÄ«), is the largest member of the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family (classification: South Central Semitic) and is closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic.
		Arabic is a major source of vocabulary for languages as diverse as Berber, Kurdish, Persian, Swahili, Urdu, Hindi (especially the spoken variety), Turkish, Malay, and Indonesian, as well as other languages in countries where these languages are spoken.
		While Arabic is strongly associated with Islam (and is the language of salah, prayer), it is also spoken by Arab Christians, Oriental Mizrahi Jews, and smaller sects such as Iraqi Mandaeans.
	www.britain.tv /wikipedia.php?title=Arabic_language (3179 words)

	Arab Maghreb Union - DEVELOPMENT, PROPOSED MEASURES, POLITICAL DIFFERENCES STALL PROGRESS
		The Arab Maghreb Union (AMU) is a proposed economic integration of the five North African countries—Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, and Tunisia—which make up the Maghreb, the Arabic term for the western region of the Arab world.
		As a whole, however, the Maghreb is quite poor on a per capita basis, as GDP amounts to only $4,000 per each of the region's 80 million persons, a level comparable to that of Lithuania.
		The leaders of the Maghreb countries realized that the vast inter-Maghreb trade potential was not being realized, especially considering the complementary natural resources and pools of labor of the countries of the Maghreb.
	www.referenceforbusiness.com /encyclopedia/A-Ar/Arab-Maghreb-Union.html (1227 words)

	Maghreb
		Name of north- western Africa, coming from Arabic word for "the land where the sun sets".
		Maghreb is used in opposition to the Middle East, or Mashriq, which is often also used for the Orient, however inaccurate this is. Maghreb is used in order to avoid including the 5 (or 3, depending on definitions) countries in the Middle East.
		There is a strong feeling of unity between the peoples of Maghreb, where Berbers constitute a large part, and in 1989 l'Union du Maghreb arabe (U.M.A.) was created between the 5 countries of the wider definition.
	lexicorient.com /e.o/maghreb.htm (162 words)

	Arabic Language Facts
		The expressions Arabic and Classical Arabic usually refer to the pure Arabic language which is, according to Arabic speakers, both the language of present-day media across North Africa and the Middle East (from Morocco to Iraq) and the language of the Qur'an.
		While Arabic is strongly associated with Islam (and is the language of salat), it is also spoken by Arab Christians, Oriental Jews, and indeed Iraqi Mandaeans; and, of course, the vast majority of the world's Muslims do not actually speak it; they only know some fixed phrases of Arabic, as used in Islamic prayer.
		Arabic is a Semitic language, fairly closely related to, for instance, the Hebrew language and the Aramaic language.
	www.languagehelpers.com /languagefacts/arabic.html (664 words)

	Huenenberger's Fantasia Pages: Maghreb
		Before the voyage of Columbus in 1492, the Atlantic Ocean was the western end of the known world, for the Arabic speaking countries as well as for Europe.
		Today, several Maghreb countries have formed the "Union of the Maghreb Countries", which is, due to a number of political diversities, not much more than an idea of a common cultural background.
		After the coming of the islamic warriors from Arabia in the 7th century, most of the original inhabitants of Maghreb became muslims, too.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/3240/maghreb.htm (486 words)

	What is Arabic?
		Arabic is the fifth-most spoken language worldwide, with over 200 million people speaking it as a first language, and more than 20 million people speaking it as a second language.
		Arabic is spoken primarily throughout the Middle East and Northern Africa, closely correlating to the spread of Islam in these regions.
		Arabic is considered by most to be one of the most difficult languages for a speaker of a Romance of Germanic language to learn to speak.
	www.wisegeek.com /what-is-arabic.htm (576 words)

	OHCHR: Arabic (Alarabia) - Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Arabic is one of the world's major languages, spoken in a broad belt extending from the Arabian Peninsula on to the Atlantic Ocean.
		The diverse colloquial dialects of Arabic are interrelated but vary considerably among speakers from different parts of the Middle East and among urban, rural, and nomadic speakers.
		The Arabic alphabet is believed to have evolved from that of an ancient people known as the Nabateans, but how, when, and where exactly it originated is still a matter of controversy.
	www.unhchr.ch /udhr/lang/arz.htm (385 words)

	Maghreb Arabic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Maghreb Arabic is a cover term for the dialects of Arabic spoken in the Maghreb, including Western Sahara, Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, and Libya.
		Speakers of Maghreb Arabic call their language Derija or Darija, which means "dialect." It is primarily used as a spoken language; written communication is primarily done in Modern Standard Arabic, along with news broadcasting.
		Derija is used for almost all spoken communication, as well as in TV dramas and on advertising boards in Morocco and Tunisia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Maghreb_Arabic (322 words)

	Maghreb (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Maghreb (or Moghreb) meaning "west" in Arabic the region of the continent of Africa north of the Sahara desert and west of the Nile - specifically the modern countries of Morocco Algeria Tunisia and to a lesser extent Libya and Mauritania.
		The Arab Maghreb Union (Union du Maghreb is an effort to coordinate political and policies across this region; disagreements among its and security problems in Algeria have posed it serious setbacks.
		Many ports along the Maghreb coast were by Phoenicians particularly Carthaginians ; with the defeat of Carthage many of these ports naturally passed Rome and ultimately it took control of entire Maghreb north of the Atlas Mountains from some of the most mountainous regions the Moroccan Rif.
	www.freeglossary.com /Maghreb (540 words)

	ooBdoo
		The term "Arabic" may refer either to literary Arabic (fuṣḥā) or to the many localized varieties of Arabic commonly called "colloquial Arabic." Arabs consider literary Arabic as the standard language and tend to view everything else as mere dialects.
		Structural influence from foreign languages or from the colloquials has also affected Modern Standard Arabic: for example, MSA texts sometimes use the format "X, X, X, and X" when listing things, whereas Classical Arabic prefers "X and X and X and X", and subject-initial sentences are significantly more common in MSA than in Classical Arabic.
		However, learning Arabic is an essential part of the curriculum for anyone attempting to become an Islamic religious scholar.
	www.oobdoo.com /wikipedia/?title=Arabic (3214 words)

	Maghreb. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		and the Sahara, the Maghreb is more closely related in terms of climate, landforms, population, economy, and history to N Mediterranean areas than to the rest of Africa.
		The Arab Maghreb Union was established in 1989 to promote cooperation and integration among the Arab states of N Africa; its members are Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, and Tunisia.
		Envisioned initially by Muammar al-Qaddafi as an Arab superstate, the organization is expected eventually to function as a N African common market, although economic and political unrest, especially in Algeria, have hindered progress on the union’s joint goals.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ma/Maghreb.html (233 words)

	Arabic language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Arabic language (Arabic: اللغة العربية‎ transliterated: al-lughah al-‘Arabīyyah), or simply Arabic (Arabic: عربي‎ transliterated: ‘Arabī), is the largest member of the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family (classification: South Central Semitic) and is closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic.
		Literary Arabic may be more precisely divided into two main categories: Classical Arabic (especially from the pre-Islamic to the Abbasid period, including Qur'anic Arabic) and Modern Standard Arabic as used today.
		While Arabic is strongly associated with Islam (and is the language of salah), it is also spoken by Arab Christians, Oriental Mizrahi Jews, and smaller sects such as Iraqi Mandaeans.
	www.higiena-system.com /wiki/link-Arabic_language (2654 words)

	Jewish Language Research Website: Judeo-Arabic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		It is not uncommon to use script as a religious identification for a language, as with the Arabic script of Persian and Urdu, for example, which symbolizes the Muslim nature of the language communities.
		The other extreme of the Arabic continuum (standard Arabic) is not found in full in Literary Judeo-Arabic, but it is a resource for style shifting, as many authors attempted to use it with mixed success.
		On the other hand, Standard Arabic is still the anchor for the left side of the Judeo-Arabic continuum, as it is in constant contact with the ethnolect and influences its structure and development.
	www.jewish-languages.org /judeo-arabic.html (2364 words)

	Arabic mathematical notation
		We will see that in Arabic mathematical texts many of the same notational constructs are used, but may be reversed or mirrored, depending on the cultural context; what we will call a mathematical directionality.
		Arabic Calligraphy is enriched by a variety of writing styles, as European writing benefits from a variety of fonts.
		The emphasis on Arabic languages is partly a reflection of an increased interest in, and usage of, MathML in Arabic language contexts that have highlighted the issues described here.
	www.w3.org /TR/2006/NOTE-arabic-math-20060131 (3877 words)

	Maghreb
		The Maghreb is the name given to the five Northern African states, namely Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Mauritania and Libya.
		The sun sets in the west and therefore, for the Arabic people, the Northern African mainland is in the west; hence, the Maghreb.
		The drums of the Maghreb come in many shapes and sizes, and bear a lot more resemblance to their Middle Eastern counterparts than they do to their African.
	www.drumdojo.com /world/africa/maghreb.htm (1725 words)

	The Maghreb Center: Fostering Understanding and Development of the Maghreb (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Maghreb Center is an independent Washington DC based non-profit organization dedicated to understanding and analyzing the political, economic, and social climate in the five countries of North Africa that are also known as the Maghreb: Mauritania, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya.
		Beyond promoting a greater appreciation of the Maghreb in terms of history, culture, accomplishments, and challenges, the center also aims to contribute to development in the region, and strengthen US-Maghrebi ties.
		The Maghreb Center is an initiative from scholars of North Africa and Development practitioners.
	maghrebcenter.org /index.html (308 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Books Supplement (September 2002) \| What is 'arabofrancophonie'? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The theme of the Beirut Summit is the dialogue of civilizations, with particular attention turning to the role of the organization in Euro-Arab dialogue.
		While few of these countries recognize French as an official language, that title being generally conferred only on Arabic, French continues to be the language of the elites, of public administration and of business, especially in the Maghreb.
		Similarly, for Hadj Miliani, writing on the importance of Franco-Arab rap and rai music for young people of Maghreb origin in France, "the recognition of the culture of origin as a positive component of [the French] plural identity is a prerequisite for the affirmation of the identity" of such young people.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2002/608/bo21.htm (1186 words)

	Maghreb Arabic information - Search.com
		Maghreb Arabic is a cover term for the dialects of Arabic spoken in the Maghreb, including Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, and Libya.
		Speakers of Maghreb Arabic call their language Derija or Darija, which means "dialect." It is primarily used as a spoken language; written communication is primarily done in Modern Standard Arabic, along with news broadcasting.
		They frequently combine French and Spanish roots with Arabic endings to form words; since it is not written, there is no standard and it is free to change quickly and to rapidly pick up new vocabulary from neighboring languages.
	www.search.com /reference/Maghreb_Arabic (345 words)

	Spoken or Colloquial Arabic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		"Colloquial Arabic" is a collective term for the spoken languages or dialects of people throughout the Arab world which differ radically from the literary language.
		The main dialectal division is between the Maghreb dialects and those of the Middle East.
		Speakers of some of these dialects are unable to understand speakers of other Arabic dialects.
	www.appliedlanguage.com /languages/arabic/spoken_arabic.shtml (297 words)

	languagehat.com: DARIJA IN MOROCCO.
		Darija "is the term used by speakers of Maghreb Arabic to name the varieties they speak" (it's also called darja); Lucy Melbourne, an American professor and creative writer who teaches English and American literature at Mohammed V University in Rabat, has an interesting discussion of it in the Morocco Times:
		When spoken, classical Arabic, like most languages cut off from their umbilical in sound, is pontificated as sermon or filtered through the sterilized, hot potato equivalent of a BBC announcer anxious to disguise his class origins.
		I agree with you, Lameen, and everybody else, that the Old Arabic language type as evidenced in the poetry, Qur'an and al-fusha in general really was at one point an honest-to-God living language.
	www.languagehat.com /archives/002361.php (2307 words)

	Le Maghreb
		In this project, you and a partnerwill be researching a specific topic on the world of the Maghreb and willshare what you have learned with the class.
		Intended users are teachers of French, their students and anyoneinterested in the culture of the Maghreb.
		Takewhat you have learned from your research and from the presentations ofthe other groups in the class and apply it to what we have learned in chapter14 of A Bord.
	greaux.www.50megs.com /maghreb.html (848 words)

	Maghreb Web Quest
		In this project, you will be researching, in groups of 2-3, a specific topic on the world of the Maghreb and will share what you have learned with the class, through a Power Point presentation.
		Also, specific information on each of the countries of the Maghreb (just click on a country under the search box).
		I hope that you have learned much about historical, cultural and geo-political aspects of the Maghreb through your use of French and technology.
	www.medievia.com /mmekrause/maghreb.html (872 words)

	European council should propose privileged partnership to Maghreb, European MP says
		In a story published Thursday by French Le Monde daily, Lamassoure, a former French minister, stated that the European Council, which is initiating a reform of its institutions in view of the increase of the number of its members, should define its doctrine on the enlargement and on the external borders of the European Union.
		Russia, Turkey, the Middle East, the Maghreb are key partners and the Union should actively back their progress towards democracy as it should associate them to all issues of mutual interest, the European MP wrote.
		This means that reconciliation is possible between Israelis and Palestinians, Indians and Pakistanis or between the peoples of the Maghreb, he said.
	www.arabicnews.com /ansub/Daily/Day/991209/1999120936.html (568 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Arabic language
		The Arabic language (), or simply Arabic (), is the largest member of the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family (classification: South Central Semitic) and is closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic.
		Literary Arabic (translit: al-lughatu’l-‘arabiyyatu’l-fuā "the most eloquent Arabic language"), refers both to the language of present-day media across North Africa and the Middle East and to the language of the Qur'an.
		Muftah-Alhuruf.com : Write and send Arabic emails without having an Arabic keyboard or operating system.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Arabic_language (2595 words)

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