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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Magma (algebra)
		A free magma on a set X is the "most general possible" magma generated by the set X (that is there are no relations or axioms imposed on the generators; see free object).
		In mathematics, the category of magmas (see category, magma for definitions), denoted by Mag, has as objects sets with a binary operation, and morphisms given by homomorphisms of operations (in the universal algebra sense).
		Magmas are not often studied as such; instead there are several different kinds of magmas, depending on what axioms one might require of the operation.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Magma-%28algebra%29 (1853 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Category (category theory)
		A locally small category is a category such that for all objects a and b, the hom-class hom(a, b) is a set.
		Any directed graph generates a small category: the objects are the vertices of the graph and the morphisms are the paths in the graph.
		A category is called cartesian closed if it has finite direct products and a morphism defined on a finite product can always be represented by a morphism defined on just one of the factors.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Category_%28category_theory%29 (1285 words)

	Category (mathematics) Encyclopedia Article @ PSAMathe.net (PSA Mathe) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Categories appear in virtually every branch of modern mathematics and are a central unifying notion.
		A locally small category is a category such that for all objects a and b, the hom-class hom(a, b) is a set, called a homset.
		Any category C can itself be considered as a new category in a different way: the objects are the same as those in the original category but the arrows are those of the original category reversed.
	www.psamathe.net /encyclopedia/Category_(mathematics) (1191 words)

	Category theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Category theory is a mathematical theory that deals in an abstract way with mathematical structures and relationships between them.
		Then it becomes possible to relate different categories by functors, generalizations of functions which associate to every object of one category an object of another category and to every morphism in the first category a morphism in the second.
		Algebra of continuous functions: a contravariant functor from the category of topological spaces (with continuous maps as morphisms) to the category of real associative algebras is given by assigning to every topological space X the algebra C(X) of all real-valued continuous functions on that space.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Category_theory.html (4276 words)

	Magma Marine
		Magma exists between 650 and 1200 degrees C. Magma is under high pressure and sometimes emerges through volcanic vents in the form of flowing lava and pyroclastic ejecta.
		Magma is a French progressive rock band founded in 1969 by classically-trained drummer Christian Vander, who claimed as his inspiration a "vision of humanity's spiritual and ecological future" that profoundly disturbed him.
		So many musicians played with Magma over the years, who then went on to form their own solo projects and/or spinoff acts, that the Kobaian term Zeuhl came to refer to the style of these bands and the French jazz fusion/symphonic rock scene that grew around them.
	www.behindthefridge.com /pages6/56/magma-marine.html (1151 words)

	Volcanism
		Because magma is less dense than the surrounding rock, it rises toward the surface, eventually creating and occupying a magma chamber.
		Because most mafic magmas are generated at mid-ocean ridges or through subduction, processes in which water is introduced to hot asthenosphere, it should not surprise you that mafic magmas have a higher water content than sialic magmas.
		Gases dissolved in magmas expand as the pressure on the magma drops as it approaches the surface.
	www2.brevard.edu /reynoljh/onlinegeology/volcanism/Volcanismhome.htm (1884 words)

	What Types of Volcanoes Are There? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Magmas, generated near the base of the mountain root, rise slowly or intermittently along fractures in the crust.
		During passage through the granite layer, magmas are commonly modified or changed in composition and erupt on the surface to form volcanoes constructed of nonbasaltic rocks.
		The granite or granitelike layer of the continental crust extends beneath the ridge to the vicinity of the trench.
	interactive2.usgs.gov /faq/list_faq_by_category/get_answer.asp?id=469 (1744 words)

	Category theory - definition of Category theory - Labor Law Talk Dictionary (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.netlab.uky.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Categories, functors and natural transformations were introduced by Samuel Eilenberg and Saunders Mac Lane in 1945.
		General category theory—an updated universal algebra with many new features allowing for semantic flexibility and higher-order logic—came later; it is now applied throughout mathematics.
		In many categories, the morphism sets Mor(A,B) are not just sets but actually abelian groups, and the composition of morphisms is compatible with these group structures; i.e.
	encyclopedia.laborlawtalk.com.cob-web.org:8888 /Category_theory (2400 words)

	The Encyclopedia of Volcanoes - Chapter 43
		In the former category are included the melting and differentiation processes discussed earlier in this volume (e.g., "Composition of Magmas," "Origin of Magmas," "Volatiles in Magmas," and "Magma Chambers") that determine the physical properties—density and viscosity—of the magma.
		The domes are commonly active, growing by slow addition of magma to the interior and periodically gravitational collapse—which may or may not be accompanied by explosions.
		The relative distribution of lithofacies is largely dependent on (1) the style of activity—which we have seen is determined mainly by the composition of the magma supplied to the volcano—and (2) the balance between the supply of volcanogenic material (eruption frequency) and the rate of erosion.
	www.apnet.com /companions/012643140X/netscape4/Contents/Chapt43_09.htm (2357 words)

	category killer - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about category killer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In the UK, out-of-town superstore retailers, such as IKEA, could be described as category killers.
		Category 5 UTP Cable (used for connecting computer networks)
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /category+killer (106 words)

	[ref] 32 Magmas
		as a magma, that is, the closure of
		as a magma-with-one, that is, the closure of
		An associative magma is called a semigroup (see Semigroups), an associative magma-with-one is called a monoid (see Monoids), and an associative magma-with-inverses is called a group (see Groups).
	www.math.niu.edu /help/math/gap4/ref/CHAP032.htm (720 words)

	[No title]
		Magma was launched at a conference held at Queen Mary and Westfield College, London, August 23 -- 27, 1993.
		The primary concept is that of a *magma* (a set with a law of composition).
		MAGMA has a functional-style programming language in which the principal data types are sets, sequences, structures (magmas) and mappings.
	www.ma.utexas.edu /restricted-resources/utma-doc/math/Magma (1764 words)

	Magma category (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The category Mag has directproducts, so the concept of a magma object (internal binary operation)makes sense.
		There is an inclusion functor from Set to Med to (inclusion) Mag as trivial magmas, with operations : right, say, projections (badreferences, we need projection maps) : x T y = y.
		A very important property is that an injective endomorphism can be extended to an automorphism ofa magma extension, just the colimit of the (constant sequence of the) endomorphism.
	www.therfcc.org /magma-category-178041.html (126 words)

	Medial Epicondylitis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Golfer's elbow - Golfer's elbow, or medial epicondylitis, is an inflammatory condition of the elbow which in some ways is similar to tennis elbow.
		Category of medial magmas - In mathematics, the medial category Med, that is, the category of medial magmas has as objects sets with a medial binary operation, and morphisms given by homomorphisms of operations (in the universal algebra sense).
		Medial - In abstract algebra, a medial magma (or medial groupoid) is a set with a binary operation which satisfies the identity
	tenniselbow.usamsoc.com /medialepicondylitis.html (152 words)

	Category theory (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.netlab.uky.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Thus, the roads on a map are analagous to the morphisms of the category.
		Category is called locally small iff for every two objects A and B there is a set Mor(''A'',''B'') of morphisms from A to B.
		Main articles equivalence of categories, isomorphism of categories It is a natural question to ask, under which conditions two categories can be considered to be "essentially the same", in the sense that theorems about one category can readily be transformed into theorems about the other category.
	category-theory.kiwiki.homeip.net.cob-web.org:8888 (2701 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Thus, types correspond to magmas; a collection of magmas sharing a common representation forms a category (e.g., the category of permutation groups); a collection of categories satisfying the same set of identical relations forms a variety (e.g., the variety of groups).
		Functors may be used to move between categories, and the variety operations (substructure, homomorphic image, and Cartesian product) are available as uniform constructors across all categories.
		While every value in Magma belongs to a unique parent magma, the system provides a mechanism for automatic and forced coercion, to move a value from one magma to another.
	www.umich.edu /~gpcc/scs/magma/text40.htm (259 words)

	Structure of the earth
		At divergent plate boundaries ultramafic magma is brought from deep in the mantle toward the surface via convection cells.
		This produces first intermediate magmas, and then felsic magmas, and since these rocks are lighter than mafic magma they float higher in the earth, forming islands and eventually continents (click image for enlargement; or see this link).
		Intermediate and felsic magmas also produce some of the most spectacular and explosive volcanos in the world - composite type.
	csmres.jmu.edu /geollab/Fichter/PlateTect/igevol.html (417 words)

	Magma category (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Category:Category theory In mathematics, the category of magmas (see category, magma for definitions), denoted by Mag, has as objects sets with a binary operation, and morphisms given by homomorphisms of operations (in the universal algebra sense).
		There is an inclusion functor from Set to Med to (inclusion) Mag as trivial magmas, with operations: right, say, projections ('''bad references, we need projection maps''') : x T y = y.
		But I fear, from what you have and thus, while every proper measure is pursued, you should make up.
	www.choam.info /title/ma/magma-category.html (294 words)

	Essentials of Geology : Chapter 4 : Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The igneous category is subdivided into two main branches: intrusive igneous rocks and extrusive igneous rocks.
		A word of advice: A discussion of magma is not conceptually difficult, but it can be confusing.
		After all, the intrusive activity is happening in the unseen and unfamiliar world of Earth’s interior, and extrusive lava is not something the average person has had experience dealing with.
	www.wwnorton.com /earth/egeo/overview/ch4.htm (507 words)

	MAGMA CATEGORY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In mathematics, the category of magmas, denoted by Mag, has as objects sets with a binary operation, and morphisms given by homomorphisms of operations.
		A very important property is that an injective endomorphism can be extended to an automorphism of a magma extension, just the colimit of the endomorphism.
		It is licensed under the GNU free documentation license.
	www.yotor.org /wiki/en/ma/Magma%20category.htm (108 words)

	Volcano (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.netlab.uky.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		For other meanings of the word eruption, see eruption (disambiguation)'' ---- A volcano is a geological landform (usually a mountain) where magma (rock of the earth's interior made molten or liquid by high pressure and temperature) erupts through the surface of the planet.
		Eventually, magma in the chamber is forced upwards and flows out across the planet surface as lava, or the rising magma can heat water in the surrounding landform and cause explosive discharges of steam; either this or escaping gases from the magma can produce forceful ejections of rocks, cinders, volcanic glass, and/or volcanic ash.
		Their magmas are typically "calc-alkaline" as a result of their origins in the upper parts of altered ocean plate materials, mixed with sediments, and processed through variable thicknesses of more-or-less continental crust.
	volcano.iqnaut.net.cob-web.org:8888 (3495 words)

	Atlas: Intrinsic centrality and associated classifying properties by Dominique Bourn
		The notion of unital category is a special case of pointed category, which allows to characterize Mal'cev categories via the fibration \pi of pointed objects.
		The major examples of unital categories are the categories Mon, CoM, Gp, Ab, Rg of respectively monoids, commutative monoids, groups, abelian groups, rings, and the categories Mag(E), Mon(E), CoM(E), Gp(E), Ab(E), Rg(E) of respectively internal unitary magmas, monoids, commutative monoids, groups, abelian groups, rings in a left exact category E.
		The paradigmatic examples of respectively linear, additive, antilinear and antiadditive categories are CoM, Ab, the category PreH of preHeyting algebras, the category IMag of idempotent unitary magmas.
	atlas-conferences.com /cgi-bin/abstract/cajf-46 (577 words)

	[ref] 13 Types of Objects
		An object which claims to lie in a certain category is accepting the requirement that it should have methods for certain operations (and perhaps that their behaviour should satisfy certain axioms).
		Of course some categories of a mutable object may change when the object is changed.
		Note that every set of categories constitutes its own notion of generation, for example a group may be generated as a magma with inverses by some elements, but to generate it as a magma with one it may be necessary to take the union of these generators and their inverses.
	www.math.sunysb.edu /~sorin/online-docs/gap4r3/htm/ref/CHAP013.htm (3556 words)

	Global Volcanism Program \| Volcanoes of the World \| Types and Processes Gallery \| Lava Domes
		Lava domes are formed when viscous magma slowly extrudes from a vent and piles up around it.
		Silicon promotes rigidity in magmas because it has a +4 charge and forms multiple bonds with other elements.
		Domes are steep-sided structures typically a few tens of meters to a few hundred meters high and can form at the summit of a volcano, on its flanks, or as independent volcanic centers.
	www.volcano.si.edu /world/tpgallery.cfm?category=Lava+Domes (1710 words)

	Mars Exploration Rover Mission: Press Release Images: Spirit
		One way geologists classify igneous rocks is by looking at the amount of potassium and sodium relative to the amount of silica, the most abundant rock-forming element in Earth's crust.
		Higher contents of potassium and sodium, as seen in alkaline rocks like those at Gusev, may indicate partial melting of magma at higher pressure, that is, deeper in the Martian mantle.
		The Gusev rocks define a new chemical category not previously seen on Mars, as shown in this diagram plotting alkalis versus silica, compiled by University of Tennessee geologist Harry McSween.
	marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov /gallery/press/spirit/20060823a.html (516 words)

	no.752 - Vulcanian Eruption (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.netlab.uky.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		If the erupting magma contains a high percentage (65%) of silica the lava is called felsic or acidic and tends to be highly viscous (not very fluid) and is pushed up in a blob that will solidify relatively quickly.
		If, on the other hand, the magma contains a relatively low percentage of silica, the lava is called mafic or basic and will be very fluid as it erupts, capable of flowing for long distances.
		As the magma rises through weak areas in the continental crust it may eventually erupt as one or more volcanoes.
	vulcanian.eruption.en.infoax.info.cob-web.org:8888 (3656 words)

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