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Topic: Magnentius

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Flavius Magnus Magnentius

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	Magnentius (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Dissatisfaction amongst the ranks of the Roman army with Constans came to a head with the elevation of Magnentius at Autun on January 18, 350.
		Constans was abandoned by all except a handful of retainers, and he was slain shortly afterwards by a troop of light cavalry near the Pyrenees.
		Magnentius quickly attracted the loyalty of the provinces in Britain, Gaul, and the rest of western Europe, in part because he proved to be far more tolerant towards both Christians and pagans.
	encyclopedia.codeboy.net /wikipedia/m/ma/magnentius.html (281 words)

	Magnentius - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Magnentius (ruled AD January 18, 350–August 11, 353), was a Roman usurper.
		Despite Magnentius' heroism, his troops were defeated and forced to retreat back to Gaul.
		Magnentius made a final stand in 353 in the Battle of Mons Seleucus, after which he committed suicide.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Magnentius (270 words)

	THE EMPEROR MAGNENTIUS: HIS LIFE AND COINAGE
		Following his death, Magnentius, meeting the fate of all failed usurpers, was vilified by the victors, who set down their version of what happened.
		At the time of Magnentius' rebellion, Shapor was besieging the city of Nisibis, and was so anxious to take the city that the king diverted the Mygdonius River from its course to create a lake to better ram the city walls.
		Magnentius seized the Balkan alpine passes in order to press his advantage and lay claim to Illyricum, but his progress was stalled by unforeseen events.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Parthenon/7094/magn1.html (3093 words)

	Magnentius
		Magnentius was born at about AD 303 around Samarobriva (Amiens) to an English father and a Frankish mother.
		Constans, under whom Magnentius came to serve in the west, was deeply unpopular with the troops as well as ruling his part of the empire as a tyrant.
		Magnentius made an effort to win Vetranio for his cause, but in vain, as it appeared Vetranio was a puppet of Constantius II who handed him control of the legions later that year and retired.
	www.roman-empire.net /collapse/magnentius.html (488 words)

	Roman Emperors - DIR Magnentius and Decentius
		Flavius Magnus Magnentius, though of German stock, was born at Samarobriva of a British father and a Frankish mother.
		Magnentius made preparations for the war with Constantius by stripping the borders of Gaul of their defenses and sought aid from the Germans.
		Although Magnentius was able to successfully ambush the emperor's forces near Adrana that spring, it was not until September 351 that emperor and the usurper fought a decisive battle at
	www.roman-emperors.org /magnent.htm (771 words)

	Rome - Vol II, Chapter XVIII, Part 4
		The authority of Magnentius was acknowledged through the whole extent of the two great praefectures of Gaul and Italy; and the usurper prepared, by every act of oppression, to collect a treasure, which might discharge the obligation of an immense donative, and supply the expenses of a civil war.
		Magnentius then consulted his safety, and throwing away the Imperial ornaments, escaped with some difficulty from the pursuit of the light horse, who incessantly followed his rapid flight from the banks of the Drave to the foot of the Julian Alps.
		Magnentius had fixed his residence in the city of Aquileia, and showed a seeming resolution to dispute the passage of the mountains and morasses which fortified the confines of the Venetian province.
	www.cca.org /cm/rome/vol2/ch1804.html (3470 words)

	R2392
		Magnentius was recognized in Gaul, Britain, Spain, Africa, and Italy.
		Magnentius then tried to re-take Illyricum but was soundly defeated at the battle of Mursa in September 351.
		In 353 Magnentius was defeated in Gaul and besieged in Lugdunum (Lyons).
	www.forumancientcoins.com /historia/coins/r6a/r2392.htm (151 words)

	From Coup to Catastrophe: The Usurpation of Magnentius (1) (January to Late Summer 350)
		Magnentius chose him to suppress the revolt of Nepotianus at Rome in the summer of 350, and the effectiveness and ruthlessness with which Marcellinus carried out that assignment does not suggest a purely bureaucratic background.
		Magnentius was old enough to have participated in Constantine’s final campaign against Licinus in 324 and to have fought at the climactic battles of both Adrianople and Chrysopolis.
		Magnentius and his confederates may thereby have hoped to solidify their support among the pagan senatorial class in Rome, as well as appealing to other non-Christian elements both in their own sphere of the Empire and in that of Constantius.
	www.ancientworlds.net /aw/Post/423064 (5700 words)

	Coins of Magnentius & Decentius (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Flavius Magnus Magnentius was born to a Frankish mother and a British father ca.
		Magnentius faced opposition from the eastern emperor Constantius II, whith whom he fought several battles including the infamous Battle of Mursa in 351, one of the bloodiest in Roman history.
		Magnus Decentius was the younger brother of Magnentius, who appointed him Caesar in 351 and left him to rule the Rhine frontier against attacks by German tribes as well as possible internal revolts.
	www.ruark.org /coins/Roman/6Constantinian/Magnentius.html (414 words)

	NPNF (V2-02) (ii.v.xxxii)
		Magnentius in the meanwhile having made himself master of the imperial city Rome, put to death many members of the senatorial council, as well as many of the populace.
		Magnentius desiring to reassure the courage of his soldiers who were disheartened by their late overthrow, ascended a lofty tribunal for this purpose.
		Magnentius was totally routed, and fled alone to Lyons, a city of Gaul, which is distant three days’ journey from the fortress at Mursa.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/schaff/npnf202.ii.v.xxxii.html (376 words)

	Magnentius
		Magnentius was one of the generals under the command of Constans.
		Magnentius sent a few of his men for him, tracked him down then breached the temple and murdered him.
		For his part, Magnentius tried in vain to seek a diplomatic solution to the problem with Constantius as he wanted to avoid an open armed conflict with his army at all costs.
	www.dirtyoldcoins.com /natto/id/magnen.htm (1479 words)

	Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, page 900 (v. 2) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Under the latter he served with reputation in many wars, rose eventually to the dignity of count, and was entrusted by Constans with the command of the famous Jovian and Her-culian battalions who had replaced the ancient praetorian guards when the empire was remodelled by Diocletian.
		When the night was far spent, Magnentius, who had quitted the apartment under some pretext, suddenly reappeared clad in royal robes, and was instantly saluted as Augustus by the conspirators, whose acclamations were caught up and echoed almost unconsciously by the remainder of the guests.
		Magnentius was a man of commanding stature and great bodily strength, was well educated, and accomplished, fond of literature, an animated and impressive speaker, a bold soldier, and a skilful general.
	ancientlibrary.com /smith-bio/2008.html (882 words)

	Hermias Sozomen - Nicene & Post-Nicene, Series 2 - Writing of the Early Church Fathers on SearchGodsWord.org
		At length, however, Magnentius was defeated, and fled to Mursa, which is the fortress of this Gaul, and when he saw that his soldiers were dispirited because they had been defeated, he stood on an elevated spot and endeavored to revive their courage.
		Magnentius, concluding from this circumstance, that he was not destined by God to hold the reins of empire, endeavored to retreat from the fortress to some distant place.
		Immediately on the death of Magnentius, and as soon as Constantius found himself sole master of the Roman Empire, he directed all his efforts to induce the bishops of the West to admit that the Son is of like substance with the Father.
	www.searchgodsword.org /his/ad/ecf/pos/hermiassozomen/view.cgi?file=npnf2-02-22.htm (2525 words)

	Christianity in the Roman Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A general by the name of Magnentius was encouraged by the lack of support for the emperor and took it upon himself to bring honor back to the empire.
		Magnentius' assistant and co-conspirator helped obtain the support of many of the emperor's troops by convincing them that the dishonor of Constans relieved them of their traditional, hereditary duty to him.
		Magnentius allied himself with the de facto ruler of Illyricum who had acquired a claim to the throne from Constantine's daughter, Constantina [12].
	www.andrew.cmu.edu /user/kahare/earlyrome.html (3901 words)

	ACM Presents DOUG SMITH: FEATURED COIN: "An AE 2 of Magnentius" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Magnentius' interest in this symbol was political and strategic rather than philosophical.
		When the forces of Constantius took the mint city of Treveri, a few coins were issued combining the portrait of Constantius II and the Magnentius type of the Christogram.
		In addition to the 'normal' mints, there are many coins of Magnentius that are barbarous style and were probably produced to fill local needs.
	www.ancientcoinmarket.com /ds/featured/feature26/1.html (452 words)

	[No title]
		Preparing to fight Magnentius in the west, Constantius II nominated his cousin Constantius Gallus to Caesar, handing him control of the east administration while he focused on commanding his armies.
		When Constantius II retreated, Magnentius sought to follow with another victory but was surprisingly defeated by Constantius II in the gruesome battle of Mursa in Lower Pannonia.
		The battle cost the lives of over 50,000 of Magnentius' soldiers and is known today as one of the bloodiest battles in the fourth century.
	www.bitsofhistory.com /ace/contest_lots/Essay/lot23_1.doc (726 words)

	The Oxford Classical Dictionary and Michael Grant on Magnentius the Gallic usurper
		Magnentius, Flavius Magnus, from a family of barbarian settlers in Gaul, rose to a senior military command under the emperor Constans.
		Magnentius had raised large forces in Gaul, including numerous Germans, and in consequence outnumbered Constantius II, who as he advanced westwards was defeated with heavy losses at Atrans, on the border of Italy and Noricum, and compelled to retreat.
		Magnentius reportedly lost twenty-four thousand men and Constantius thirty thousand; this was the bloodiest battle of the century, and inflicted irreparable losses upon the Empire’s military strength.
	www.ancientworlds.net /aw/Post/206254 (837 words)

	Chapter XVIII: Character Of Constantine And His Sons. Part IV. - History Of The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The behavior of Constantius on this memorable occasion was celebrated with some appearance of justice; and his courtiers compared the studied orations which a Pericles or a Demosthenes addressed to the populace of Athens, with the victorious eloquence which had persuaded an armed multitude to desert and depose the object of their partial choice.
		It was the object of Magnentius to tempt or to compel his adversary to relinquish this advantageous position; and he employed, with that view, the various marches, evolutions, and stratagems, which the knowledge of the art of war could suggest to an experienced officer.
		Magnentius had collected the whole force of the West, Romans and Barbarians, into one formidable body, which cannot fairly be estimated at less than 100,000 men.
	www.historicalbookarchive.com /23-18.html (4723 words)

	Eureka -- Vol 2 -- Chap 8 -- Sec 2: 3. And there were Lightnings
		The authority of the regicide was acknowledged through the whole extent of the two great praefectures of Gaul and Italy; and the usurper prepared by every act of oppression, to collect a treasure to supply the expenses of a civil war.
		After this fatal overthrow, the pride of Magnentius was reduced by repeated misfortunes, to sue, and to sue in vain, for peace.
		Magnentius being removed, the public tranquillity was confirmed by the execution of the leaders who survived.
	www.antipas.org /eureka/eureka_2/eu_chapter08/c8_s2_3.html (1157 words)

	Fall of the Roman Empire
		Loyalties soon waned and when Magnentius was acclaimed by the legions while the emperor was away hunting, Constans could only flee for his life, only to be overtaken and slain on the Spanish coast.
		If Magnentius in AD 350 was recognized immediately in the prefectures of Gaul and Italy, then in Illyria another general Vetranio was set up as emperor.
		Though Magnentius himself was not dead, he sought to continue the war, but his troops gradually deserted him.
	www.pccua.edu /keough/fall_of_the_roman_empire.htm (5871 words)

	Constans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In A. 350, Magnentius, one of Constans' leading generals, led a revolt in Gaul.
		Constans was caught unawares and took refuge at the fortress of Helena at the base of the Pyrenees but was killed by one of Magnentius' agents.
		Magnentius became emperor in the West in 350.
	users2.ev1.net /~legionary/mainevent/coins/Constans.html (248 words)

	Magnentius, ancient imitations
		Imitations of AE of Magnentius and Decentius are almost as common as "official" issues.
		The common types of Magnentius are commonly imitated, and I imagine the primary reason I have not seen imiations of some of his rare originals is they are proportionally rare.
		Although this issue was the last issue of Magnentius, its imitations did not continue in the same way that the imitations of the above "two victories" type did.
	esty.ancients.info /imit/imitmagnentius.html (1348 words)

	Magnentius -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Magnentius was a pagan of German descent who had achieved distinction as a soldier before having himself proclaimed emperor early in 350.
		Failing to win recognition from Constantius, Magnentius allied himself with the commander of the Danubian troops, Vetranio, who had proclaimed himself emperor on March 1, 350.
		The battle entailed losses on both sides that severely crippled the military strength of the Roman Empire; it is known as the bloodiest battle of the century.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9050007 (489 words)

	Magnentivs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Magnentius moved against Constantius II in 351, and was defeated at the Battle of Mursa on September 28.
		In 353 he invaded Gaul, and in the summer defeated Magnentius at the Battle of Mons Seleucus.
		Magnentius committed suicide in Lyon on August 10, 353.(From MONETA, from www.numus.com)
	kevinscoins.ancients.info /Memp/magnentius.htm (129 words)

	NPNF (V2-02) (iii.ix.vii)
		Death of the Tyrants Magnentius and Silvanus the Apostate.
		Chapter VII.—Death of the Tyrants Magnentius and Silvanus the Apostate.
		Magnentius made himself 304master of ancient Rome, and put numbers of the senators, and of the people, to death.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/schaff/npnf202.iii.ix.vii.html (462 words)

	Book IV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Nepotian, however, was put to death by the soldiers of Magnentius.
		IN the meantime, (4) Magnentius made himself master of ancient Rome, and put numbers of the senators, and of the people, to death.
		THE emperor (1) was extremely urgent to convene a council in Milan, yet few of the Eastern bishops repaired thither; some, it appears, excused themselves from attendance under the plea of illness; others, on account of the length and difficulties of the journey.
	www.coptnet.com /Fathers/25/v25p12.htm (13009 words)

	Roman Emperors - magnote.htm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		[[2]]For a discussion of the activities of Magnentius after the death of Constans, see O. Seeck, RE 4, s.v.
		[[3]]For a discussion of the activities of Magnentius after the death of Constans, Seeck, RE 4, col. 1063.1ff, Ensslin, RE 14, 447.1ff, and W. Reidinger, RE 8
		[[5]]Basing his conclusions on chronology and papyrological evidence, Frakes has argued that Magnentius was not responsible for this assassination attempt on Gallus, an assertiion which flys in the face of comments of Zonaras (Robert M. Frakes, "Ammianus Marcellinus and Zonaras on a Late Roman Assassination Plot," Historia 46 (1997), 121ff.
	www.roman-emperors.org /magnote.htm (350 words)

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